ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Super-sized muscle made twin-horned dinosaur a speedster
• NASA's Dawn science team presents early science results
• Link between alcohol and harm is stronger in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Sweden than in Italy, study suggests
• Alcohol consumption greatly increases serious injury risk for heavy and moderate drinkers
• Genetically influenced responses to alcohol affect brain activation both with and without alcohol
• Heavy drinking undergraduates who are impulsive, aggressive may be at high risk for alcohol problems
• Polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiovascular disease
• Vast hidden network regulates gene expression in cancer: Study illuminates the 'dark matter' of the genome
• Psychopathic killers: Computerized text analysis uncovers the word patterns of a predator
• Frustration inspires new form of graphene
• Imaging technology might help doctors determine best treatment for Crohn's disease patients
• MRIs could become powerful tools for monitoring cholesteral therapy
• Emissions of atmospheric compounds: New scenarios for the IPCC
• Gender differences in blood pressure appears as early as adolescence, with girls faring worse
• Exercise before and during early pregnancy increases two beneficial proteins for mothers-to-be
• Infecting hospital staff with contagious awareness
• Russian ship finds tsunami debris where scientists predicted
• Nurses boost well-being for cancer survivors
• New study finds 400,000 farmers in southern Africa using 'fertilizer trees' to improve food security
• A hidden order unraveled: Microscopic views on quantum fluctuations
• Breast tenderness in women getting combo hormone therapy associated with increase in breast density
• Endangered species: Should cheap phosphorus be first on an elemental 'Red List?'
• Differing structures underlie differing brain rhythms in healthy and ill, virtual modeling reveals
• Brain scans reveal drugs' effects on attention
• Heart health impacts wellbeing of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• The future of airport passport control
• Obese children have up to double the risk of having asthma
• Breastfeeding reduces the risk of allergies, study suggests
• Reduce cyber attacks by protecting and rewarding secure networks on the Internet
• Is the secret to world peace the ability to spin a good yarn?
• How to punish corporate wrongdoers to deter bad behavior
• Researchers discover material with graphene-like properties
• Another clue to how obesity works
• Women's heart disease tied to small blood vessels
• An effective treatment for anal incontinence
• Better ways to predict kidney disease risk for African Americans: Gene testing could help identify patients who need early treatment
• One in six mobile phones in the UK is contaminated with fecal bacteria, researchers found
• Pulse oximetry: A viable screening tool for infants with suspected congenital heart disease
• Parents who go online for pediatric health information are open to doctors' website recommendations
• Minority children less likely to receive CT scans following head trauma
• Pediatric emergency department visits for psychiatric care on the rise
• Redox flow batteries, a promising technology for renewable energies integration
• Little evidence found to support use of PET-CT in primary bowel cancer, study finds
• Mobile electrons multiplied in quantum dot films
• Social media study reveals unreported truths on the nature of street protests, experts say
• Avoiding founder frustration in technology start-ups
• Cells have early-warning system for intruders
• Watching motion of electrons in molecules during chemical reactions
• How touch and movement contribute to the development of the brain

Super-sized muscle made twin-horned dinosaur a speedster Posted: 14 Oct 2011 06:24 PM PDT A meat-eating dinosaur that terrorized its plant-eating neighbors in South America was a lot deadlier than first thought, a researcher has found. Carnotaurus was a seven-meter-long predator with a huge tail muscle that paleontologists say made it one of the fastest running hunters of its time.

NASA's Dawn science team presents early science results Posted: 14 Oct 2011 01:41 PM PDT Scientists with NASA's Dawn mission are sharing with other scientists and the public their early information about the southern hemisphere of the giant asteroid Vesta.

Link between alcohol and harm is stronger in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Sweden than in Italy, study suggests Posted: 14 Oct 2011 01:28 PM PDT A new study examines the impact that the cultural context of drinking may have on the relationship between drinking and harm in several European countries. Results suggest a significant relationship between volume of consumption and risk of experiencing alcohol-related problems in all five countries examined. The relationship appears to be stronger in three Baltic countries and Sweden than in Italy.

Alcohol consumption greatly increases serious injury risk for heavy and moderate drinkers Posted: 14 Oct 2011 01:28 PM PDT A new study has investigated the linkages between alcohol consumption and hospitalized injury. Heavy drinkers face higher injury risks than most people when sober; conversely, their injury risk rises less when alcohol positive. Moderate drinkers who occasionally drink to excess suffer more injuries than heavy drinkers per alcohol-positive hour.

Genetically influenced responses to alcohol affect brain activation both with and without alcohol Posted: 14 Oct 2011 01:28 PM PDT A low level of response (LR) to alcohol reflects at least in part a low brain response to alcohol and carries significant risk for the later development of alcoholism. A new study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine brain activation in individuals with low and high LRs to alcohol while they performed a cognitive task. Significant differences detected in brain activation may contribute to the inability by individuals with a low LR to recognize modest levels of alcohol intoxication.

Heavy drinking undergraduates who are impulsive, aggressive may be at high risk for alcohol problems Posted: 14 Oct 2011 01:28 PM PDT Researchers used an anonymous online survey to examine drinking patterns and personality traits. Results identified three groups, two of which drank at fairly high levels. The group with higher levels of impulsivity and aggression appears most at-risk for future alcohol problems.

Polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiovascular disease Posted: 14 Oct 2011 12:13 PM PDT One in 15 women of childbearing age is diagnosed with a disorder commonly referred to as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The condition is one of the most common causes of women not ovulating and thus causes difficulty in conceiving. Fertility is not the only health consequence these women face, however. PCOS has been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading killer of women and men alike.

Vast hidden network regulates gene expression in cancer: Study illuminates the 'dark matter' of the genome Posted: 14 Oct 2011 11:51 AM PDT Researchers have uncovered a vast new gene regulatory network in mammalian cells that could explain genetic variability in cancer and other diseases.

Psychopathic killers: Computerized text analysis uncovers the word patterns of a predator Posted: 14 Oct 2011 11:51 AM PDT As words can be the soul's window, scientists are learning to peer through it: Computerized text analysis shows that psychopathic killers make identifiable word choices -- beyond conscious control -- when talking about their crimes. This research could lead to new tools for diagnosis and treatment, and have implications law enforcement and social media.

Frustration inspires new form of graphene Posted: 14 Oct 2011 11:26 AM PDT Researchers have now developed a new form of graphene that does not stack. The new material -- inspired by a trash can full of crumpled-up papers -- is made by crumpling the graphene sheets into balls.

Imaging technology might help doctors determine best treatment for Crohn's disease patients Posted: 14 Oct 2011 11:26 AM PDT Ultrasound elasticity imaging, or UEI, could allow doctors to non-invasively make the distinction between intestinal inflammation and fibrosis in Crohn's disease patients, allowing patients to receive more appropriate and timely care.

MRIs could become powerful tools for monitoring cholesteral therapy Posted: 14 Oct 2011 10:24 AM PDT MRI scanning could become a powerful new tool for assessing how well cholesterol drugs are working, according to a cardiologist studying patients taking cholesterol medications.

Emissions of atmospheric compounds: New scenarios for the IPCC Posted: 14 Oct 2011 10:18 AM PDT Emissions of the main greenhouse gases, reactive gaseous and particulate chemical compounds have been inventoried over the period 1850-2300. This quantification has enabled researchers to propose four new scenarios that will be used in future climatic simulations of the 5th IPCC report, due in 2013.

Gender differences in blood pressure appears as early as adolescence, with girls faring worse Posted: 14 Oct 2011 09:30 AM PDT The female hormone estrogen is known to offer protection for the heart, but obesity may be taking away that edge in adolescent girls. New research finds that although obesity does not help teens of either gender, it has a greater impact on girls' blood pressure than it does on boys'.

Exercise before and during early pregnancy increases two beneficial proteins for mothers-to-be Posted: 14 Oct 2011 09:30 AM PDT Study suggests that exercise before conception and in the early stages of pregnancy may protect a mother-to-be by stimulating the expression of two proteins thought to play a role in blood vessel health.

Infecting hospital staff with contagious awareness Posted: 14 Oct 2011 09:25 AM PDT Infections picked up in hospital affect almost a third of patients in intensive care, and kill 44% of those people. Given that some infectious agents can linger for weeks or months it is increasingly important that staff awareness of the problem is improved and that training in infection prevention across the UK's National Health Service and in private healthcare is expanded, according to researchers.

Russian ship finds tsunami debris where scientists predicted Posted: 14 Oct 2011 09:23 AM PDT Ever since the Japan tsunami on March 11, 2011 washed millions of tons of debris into the Pacific, scientists in Hawaii have been looking for evidence to validate their computer model of the trajectory of these debris that are endangering small ships and coastlines. On its voyage from Honolulu to Vladivostok, a Russian ship found unmistakable tsunami debris in regions the model had predicted.

Nurses boost well-being for cancer survivors Posted: 14 Oct 2011 09:23 AM PDT A one-off consultation with a nurse at the end of cancer treatment can make a difference to a patient's ongoing physical and emotional well-being.

New study finds 400,000 farmers in southern Africa using 'fertilizer trees' to improve food security Posted: 14 Oct 2011 09:23 AM PDT On a continent battered by weather extremes, famine and record food prices, new research documents an exciting new trend in which hundreds of thousands of poor farmers in Southern Africa are now significantly boosting yields and incomes simply by using fast growing trees and shrubs to naturally fertilize their fields.

A hidden order unraveled: Microscopic views on quantum fluctuations Posted: 14 Oct 2011 09:23 AM PDT Fluctuations are fundamental to many physical phenomena in our everyday lives. Using a high resolution microscope, scientists have now been able to image quantum-correlated particle-hole pairs in a gas of ultracold atoms. This has allowed the physicists to unravel a hidden order in the crystal.

Breast tenderness in women getting combo hormone therapy associated with increase in breast density Posted: 14 Oct 2011 07:49 AM PDT Post-menopausal women who experience new onset breast tenderness after starting combination hormone therapy may have an increased risk of breast cancer compared to women who don't experience breast tenderness, a new study shows.

Endangered species: Should cheap phosphorus be first on an elemental 'Red List?' Posted: 14 Oct 2011 07:49 AM PDT Should the periodic table bear a warning label in the 21st century or be revised with a lesson about elemental supply and demand? If so, that lesson could start with one element considered a staple of life -- but growing endangered, like the Asiatic dhole -- phosphorus.

Differing structures underlie differing brain rhythms in healthy and ill, virtual modeling reveals Posted: 14 Oct 2011 07:49 AM PDT Virtual brains modeling epilepsy and schizophrenia display less complexity among functional connections, and other differences compared to healthy brain models, researchers report. The researchers worked backward from brain rhythms -- the oscillating patterns of electrical activity in the brain recorded on electroencephalograms -- from both healthy and ill individuals.

Brain scans reveal drugs' effects on attention Posted: 14 Oct 2011 07:49 AM PDT Scientists have developed a way to evaluate new treatments for some forms of attention deficit disorder. Working in mice, researchers showed that they can use brain scans to quickly test whether drugs increase levels of a brain chemical known as dopamine.

Heart health impacts wellbeing of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Posted: 14 Oct 2011 07:49 AM PDT A new study has found that processes that control heart rate play an important role in the quality of life experienced by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study indicates that heart-related treatments may improve the wellbeing of some individuals with COPD.

The future of airport passport control Posted: 14 Oct 2011 07:44 AM PDT Digital security specialists, major European electronics makers, and experts in biometrics worked together to make passport control at airports faster. The technology also could have broader applications on the way our identity documents are design and on the way we access public services.

Obese children have up to double the risk of having asthma Posted: 14 Oct 2011 07:44 AM PDT Asthma is considered one of the main causes of school absenteeism and its prevalence has risen in the last decades. Overweight children have been shown to have double the frequency of asthma than that of non-obese children.

Breastfeeding reduces the risk of allergies, study suggests Posted: 14 Oct 2011 07:44 AM PDT Today, about one in four European children suffer from allergy, which makes this disease the non-infectious epidemic of the 21st century. Evidence suggests that lifestyle factors and nutritional patterns, such as breastfeeding, help to reduce the early symptoms of allergy.

Reduce cyber attacks by protecting and rewarding secure networks on the Internet Posted: 14 Oct 2011 07:44 AM PDT Researchers have proposed a novel approach to network protection that could reduce the risk of cyber attack by rewarding those organizations that bolster the security on their networks to prevent the spread of malware and other problems.

Is the secret to world peace the ability to spin a good yarn? Posted: 14 Oct 2011 07:43 AM PDT The key to avoiding a full scale world war lies in the story-telling abilities of great powers such as the United States, European Union, China and Russia, according to academics.

How to punish corporate wrongdoers to deter bad behavior Posted: 14 Oct 2011 06:56 AM PDT If courts were able to award appropriate punitive damages that punish wrongdoers at a level tied to a company's financial worth, then businesses big and small would be at risk of being put out of business by punitive damages unconscionable offenses and would be deterred from bad behavior in the first place, according to one expert.

Researchers discover material with graphene-like properties Posted: 14 Oct 2011 06:56 AM PDT After the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to two scientists in 2010 who had studied the material graphene, this substance has received a lot of attention. Scientists have now developed and analyzed a material which possesses physical properties similar to graphene.

Another clue to how obesity works Posted: 14 Oct 2011 06:56 AM PDT The effects of obesity -- both on our bodies and on the health budget -- are well known, and now, scientists are getting closer to understanding how the disease progresses, providing clues for future treatments.

Women's heart disease tied to small blood vessels Posted: 14 Oct 2011 06:56 AM PDT After a heart attack, women's hearts are more likely to maintain their systolic function -- their ability to contract and pump blood from the chambers into the arteries. According to researchers, this suggests that heart disease manifests differently in women, affecting the microvasculature (small blood vessels) instead of the macrovasculature (major blood vessels) as it does in men.

An effective treatment for anal incontinence Posted: 14 Oct 2011 06:56 AM PDT Combination therapy for fecal incontinence is more effective than the current standard treatment. This is the conclusion of a randomized trial comparing the different treatments.

Better ways to predict kidney disease risk for African Americans: Gene testing could help identify patients who need early treatment Posted: 14 Oct 2011 05:05 AM PDT African Americans with certain gene variants develop non-diabetic kidney disease more often than expected. African Americans with these variants risk developing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and HIV nephropathy in particular and may need dialysis at a young age. Screening for these variants could identify individuals who should receive kidney-protective treatments

One in six mobile phones in the UK is contaminated with fecal bacteria, researchers found Posted: 14 Oct 2011 05:05 AM PDT One in six mobile phones in Britain is contaminated with fecal matter, according to new research. Experts say the most likely reason for the potentially harmful bacteria festering on so many gadgets is people failing to wash their hands properly with soap after going to the toilet.

Pulse oximetry: A viable screening tool for infants with suspected congenital heart disease Posted: 14 Oct 2011 05:05 AM PDT Pulse oximetry, a non-invasive procedure that measures the amount of oxygen in the bloodstream, can be used as a screening tool to detect critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) in infants, and is more readily available than echocardiography, the current gold standard for CCHD diagnosis, according to new research.

Parents who go online for pediatric health information are open to doctors' website recommendations Posted: 14 Oct 2011 05:05 AM PDT While parents commonly use the Internet to learn about pediatric health problems, little is known about how often they seek out this information, and how they use it prior to seeking medical care. In a new study, researchers interviewed 262 parents or guardians who brought their child to an urban emergency department about whether they used the Internet as a resource for medical information about their child's illness or injury before making the decision to visit the emergency department.

Minority children less likely to receive CT scans following head trauma Posted: 14 Oct 2011 05:05 AM PDT African-American and Hispanic children are less likely to receive a cranial computed tomography scan in an emergency department following minor head trauma than white children, according to new research.

Pediatric emergency department visits for psychiatric care on the rise Posted: 14 Oct 2011 05:05 AM PDT Pediatric patients, primarily those who are underinsured (either without insurance or receiving Medicaid), are increasingly receiving psychiatric care in hospital emergency departments, according to new research.

Redox flow batteries, a promising technology for renewable energies integration Posted: 14 Oct 2011 05:00 AM PDT Today there is a wide variety of energy storage technologies at very different stages of development. Among them, the Redox Flow Battery (RFB) is an innovative solution based on the use of liquid electrolytes stored in tanks and pumped through a reactor to produce energy. Researchers are currently working in the development of high performance RFBs.

Little evidence found to support use of PET-CT in primary bowel cancer, study finds Posted: 14 Oct 2011 05:00 AM PDT New research has found little evidence to support the use of PET-CT add-on imaging device in the pre-operative staging of bowel cancer.

Mobile electrons multiplied in quantum dot films Posted: 14 Oct 2011 05:00 AM PDT Researchers have demonstrated that several mobile electrons can be produced by the absorption of a single light particle in films of coupled quantum dots. These multiple electrons can be harvested in solar cells with increased efficiency.

Social media study reveals unreported truths on the nature of street protests, experts say Posted: 14 Oct 2011 05:00 AM PDT A new study into the use of social media in street protests and riots has revealed how it is effective for both protesters and police.

Avoiding founder frustration in technology start-ups Posted: 14 Oct 2011 05:00 AM PDT A new study of more than 440 technology entrepreneurs reveals that wealth does not necessarily bring happiness. According to new research, long-term employment growth in a new technology-based company correlates with the founder's satisfaction with their rising income, but is negatively related to their overall happiness.

Cells have early-warning system for intruders Posted: 14 Oct 2011 05:00 AM PDT When a thief breaks into a bank vault, sensors are activated and the alarm is raised. Cells have their own early-warning system for intruders, and scientists have discovered how a particular protein sounds that alarm when it detects invading viruses. The study is a key development in our understanding of the innate immune response, shedding light on how cells rapidly respond to a wide range of viruses including influenza, rabies and hepatitis.

Watching motion of electrons in molecules during chemical reactions Posted: 14 Oct 2011 05:00 AM PDT Scientists have, for the first time, visualized the motion of electrons during a chemical reaction. The new findings in the experiment are of fundamental importance for photochemistry and could also assist the design of more efficient solar cells.

How touch and movement contribute to the development of the brain Posted: 14 Oct 2011 05:00 AM PDT Neuroscientists have uncovered in an animal model the neuronal processes that underlay the development of sensory maps in the developing brain.

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