السبت، 8 أكتوبر 2011

ScienceDaily: Top News

ScienceDaily: Top News

Physicists localize 3-D matter waves for first time

Posted: 07 Oct 2011 01:16 PM PDT

Physicists have experimentally demonstrated for the first time how three-dimensional conduction is affected by the defects that plague materials. The researchers achieved complete Anderson localization of quantum matter waves in three dimensions. The team also measured the energy a particle needs to escape localization, known as the mobility edge. They found that as disorder increased, so did the mobility edge, meaning that materials with high concentrations of defects induce more localization.

Imaging agents offer new view of inflammation, cancer

Posted: 07 Oct 2011 10:23 AM PDT

A series of novel imaging agents could make it possible to "see" tumors in their earliest stages, before they turn deadly. The compounds, derived from inhibitors of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 and detectable by positron emission tomography imaging, may have broad applications for cancer detection, diagnosis and treatment.

Measuring elusive neutrinos flowing through the Earth, physicists learn more about the sun

Posted: 07 Oct 2011 08:39 AM PDT

Using one of the most sensitive neutrino detectors on the planet, physicists are now measuring the flow of solar neutrinos reaching earth more precisely than ever before. The detector probes matter at the most fundamental level and provides a powerful tool for directly observing the sun's composition.

Genetic link to suicidal behavior confirmed

Posted: 07 Oct 2011 08:39 AM PDT

A new study has found evidence that a specific gene is linked to suicidal behavior, adding to our knowledge of the many complex causes of suicide. This research may help doctors one day target the gene in prevention efforts.

Why anti-rejection drugs for organ transplant patients cause hypertension

Posted: 07 Oct 2011 07:33 AM PDT

A group of researchers has discovered the process that may be causing side effects caused by the anti-rejection drugs given to organ transplant patients. The discovery means those side effects likely can be dealt with much more cheaply and easily.

Sniffing out the brain's predictive power: Human brain smells what it expects rather than what it sniffs

Posted: 07 Oct 2011 07:33 AM PDT

In the moments before you "stop and smell the roses," it's likely your brain is already preparing your sensory system for that familiar floral smell. New research offers strong evidence that the brain uses predictive coding to generate "predictive templates" of specific smells -- setting up a mental expectation of a scent before it hits your nostrils.

Prague's 88 nature reserves threatened by invasive plant species

Posted: 07 Oct 2011 07:32 AM PDT

Cities are generally regarded as hostile for wildlife and urbanization a dramatic form of destruction of natural habitats. Still, they are far from dead zones. Their biodiversity may even exceed that of surrounding landscapes.

Market transactions and economics in general affect biological invasions

Posted: 07 Oct 2011 07:32 AM PDT

Biological invasions, i.e., the spread of introduced, non-native species, not only serve as ecological model systems, but also bring out the importance of economic activities on ecological processes.

Learning to live in mountain lion country

Posted: 07 Oct 2011 07:32 AM PDT

Photographs and videos captured by remote wildlife cameras confirm that mountain lions make regular visits to Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, Stanford University's 1,189-acre field research site in the hills five miles west of the main campus.

Astrophysics and extinctions: News about planet-threatening events

Posted: 07 Oct 2011 07:32 AM PDT

Space is a violent place. If a star explodes or black holes collide anywhere in our part of the Milky Way, they'd give off colossal blasts of lethal gamma-rays, X-rays and cosmic rays and it's perfectly reasonable to expect Earth to be bathed in them. A new study of such events has yielded some new information about the potential effects of what are called "short-hard" interstellar radiation events.

Ancient climate change has left a strong imprint on modern ecosystems

Posted: 07 Oct 2011 07:29 AM PDT

As Earth's climate cycles between warm and cool periods, species often must move to stay within suitable conditions. Scientists have now mapped how fast species have had to migrate in the past to keep up with changing climate. They found that small-ranged species – which constitute much of Earth's biodiversity – are concentrated in regions where little migration has been required. Predicted climate change will drastically increase the required migration rates in many of these locations, putting their unique faunas at risk.

Scientist searches for moons around asteroids

Posted: 07 Oct 2011 07:21 AM PDT

Most people know that some planets have moons but would be surprised to know that some asteroids do, too. According to new research, about 20 percent of them do.

Pregnant mothers at risk from air pollution, California study suggests

Posted: 07 Oct 2011 04:32 AM PDT

A California-based study has looked in detail at air quality and the impact of traffic-related air pollution on premature birth. Results from the study show that traffic-related air pollution, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, is associated with up to a 30 percent increase in premature births, and that seasonal changes and vicinity to the coast affected concentration of toxic pollutants in the air.
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