الجمعة، 27 أبريل 2012

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

Scar tissue turned into heart muscle without using stem cells

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 02:41 PM PDT

Scientists have shown the ability to turn scar tissue that forms after a heart attack into heart muscle cells using a new process that eliminates the need for stem cell transplant.

Study links genes to common forms of glaucoma

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 02:41 PM PDT

Results from the largest genetic study of glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness and vision loss worldwide, showed that two genetic variations are associated with primary open angle glaucoma, a common form of the disease. The identification of genes responsible for this disease is the first step toward the development of gene-based disease detection and treatment.

Geneticists identify genes linked to Western African Pygmies' small stature

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 02:41 PM PDT

If Pygmies are known for one trait, it is their short stature: Pygmy men stand just 4'11" on average. Now a study of the Western African Pygmies in Cameroon has identified genes that may be responsible for the Pygmies' relatively small size.

Boron-nitride nanotubes show potential in cancer treatment

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 12:51 PM PDT

A new study has shown that adding boron-nitride nanotubes to the surface of cancer cells can double the effectiveness of "Irreversible Electroporation," a minimally invasive treatment for soft tissue tumors in the liver, lung, prostate, head and neck, kidney and pancreas. Although this research is in the very early stages, it could one day lead to better therapies for cancer.

Cells in blood vessel found to cling more tightly in regions of rapid flow

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 12:51 PM PDT

The cells that coat the pipes leading to the heart cling more tightly together in areas of fast-flowing blood. The discovery could help to reduce vascular leakage and better treat heart disease.

Hardly any genes are activated in embryonic stem cells

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 12:50 PM PDT

In naive embryonic stem cells not all genes are active, as previously thought. Rather these genes are "paused", ready for action if needed.

Structure of a key 'gene silencer' protein discovered: Potential therapeutic targets with 'untapped potential'

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 12:50 PM PDT

Scientists have described a protein that can effectively "silence" a gene by intercepting and slicing the gene's RNA transcripts before they are translated into working proteins.

Summer Olympic athletes must overcome skin conditions to reach for the gold

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 11:39 AM PDT

Skin problems rank among athletes' most common complaints, but there's little information available regarding dermatoses among Olympic athletes, according to new findings.

New technique will transform epigenetics research

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 11:38 AM PDT

A new technique will significantly improve scientists' ability to perform epigenetics research and help unlock the door to understanding how cells develop and function. Epigenetics is a branch of genetics that studies modifications to the DNA which affect gene activity. The research has important implications for stem cell research and the development of regenerative medicines.

Fetal membrane transplantation helps prevent blindness

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 11:38 AM PDT

Transplanting tissue from newborn fetal membranes prevents blindness in patients with a devastating disease called Stevens-Johnson syndrome, a new study has found.

Earliest life forms' operation promises therapies for diseases

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 11:38 AM PDT

Scientists have discovered that the gas nitric oxide (NO), produced in all cells of the human body for natural purposes, plays a fundamental regulatory role in controlling bacterial function, via a signaling mechanism called S-nitrosylation (SNO), which binds NO to protein molecules. In addition, the researchers discovered a novel set of 150 genes that regulate SNO production and disruption of these genes created bacterial cell damage resembling the cell damage seen in many common human diseases. Collectively these data point to new classes of antibiotics and several new disease treatments.

Small molecular bodyguards kill HPV-infected cancer cells by protecting tumor-suppressor

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 10:54 AM PDT

Researchers have discovered small molecules that kill cancer cells caused by infection with human papillomavirus. Their results, in both cell and mouse models, demonstrate that the small molecule inhibitors protect a tumor-suppressing protein targeted by viral proteins, thus killing the infected tumor cells. The researchers believe that, with further testing and refinement, their inhibitors could provide a therapeutic for HPV-caused tumors, such as those seen in cervical cancer.

Breakthrough in understanding macular degeneration

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 10:54 AM PDT

Scientists have made a breakthrough in understanding the "dry" form of age-related macular degeneration known as geographic atrophy.

How stem cell therapy can keep the immune system under control

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 10:52 AM PDT

A new study outlines the specifics of how autoimmune disorders can be controlled by infusions of mesenchymal stem cells.

From embryonic stem cells, a sperm replacement and easier path to genetic modification

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 10:52 AM PDT

Not only will the advance make it easier to produce genetically modified mice, but it may also enable genetic modification of animals that can't be modified by today's means. The technique might ultimately be used in assisted human reproduction for those affected by genetic disease, the researchers suggest.

Nitric oxide supplementation treats common metabolic disease

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 10:52 AM PDT

A team of researchers has discovered a treatment for a common metabolic disorder. The study reports that supplementation of nitric oxide (NO) in mice and man afflicted with argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA), a urea cycle disorder (UCD), results in long-term heart and neuropsychological improvements.

Mechanism that could contribute to problems in Alzheimer's identified

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 10:52 AM PDT

Scientists have unraveled a process by which depletion of a specific protein in the brain contributes to the memory problems associated with Alzheimer's disease. These findings provide new insights into the disease's development and may lead to new therapies that could benefit the millions of people worldwide suffering from Alzheimer's and other devastating neurological disorders.

Mystery of bacterial growth and resistance solved: Findings shed light on how bacteria form protective biofilms

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 10:51 AM PDT

Scientists have unraveled a complex chemical pathway that enables bacteria to form clusters called biofilms. Such improved understanding might eventually aid the development of new treatments targeting biofilms, which are involved in a wide variety of human infections and help bacteria resist antibiotics.

Manipulating molecules in heart protects mice on high-fat diets from obesity, affects metabolism

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 10:50 AM PDT

Researchers have demonstrated for the first time that the heart can regulate energy balance throughout the body, a finding that may point to more effective treatments for obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.

Clues to reverse cognitive deficits in people with neurological disorders

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 10:49 AM PDT

The ability to navigate using spatial cues was impaired in mice whose brains were minus a channel that delivers potassium — a finding that may have implications for humans with damage to the hippocampus, a brain structure critical to memory and learning, according to an expert.

Women who smoke in pregnancy more likely to have child with high functioning autism

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 10:49 AM PDT

Women who smoke in pregnancy may be more likely to have a child with high-functioning autism, such as Asperger's Disorder, according to preliminary findings.

Stem cell researchers map new knowledge about insulin production

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 08:02 AM PDT

Scientists have gained new insight into the signaling paths that control the body's insulin production. This is important knowledge with respect to their final goal: The conversion of stem cells into insulin-producing beta cells that can be implanted into patients who need them.

Building muscle without heavy weights

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 08:02 AM PDT

Weight training at a lower intensity but with more repetitions may be as effective for building muscle as lifting heavy weights, says a new opinion piece.

Eating more berries may reduce cognitive decline in the elderly

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 08:02 AM PDT

Blueberries and strawberries, which are high in flavonoids, appear to reduce cognitive decline in older adults according to a new study. The study results suggest that cognitive aging could be delayed by up to 2.5 years in elderly who consume greater amounts of the flavonoid-rich berries.

Invisible helpers: How probiotic bacteria protect against inflammatory bowel diseases

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 07:56 AM PDT

Some lactic acid bacteria can alleviate inflammation and therefore prevent intestinal disorders. Scientists have now decoded the biochemical mechanism that lies behind the protective effect of the bacteria. In experiments with mice, the researchers succeeded in demonstrating that lactocepin – an enzyme produced by certain lactic acid bacteria – selectively degrades inflammatory mediators in diseased tissue. This new evidence might lead to new approaches for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.

Higher maternal age predicts risk of autism

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 07:49 AM PDT

Maternal age is linked to autism, a new review of studies suggests. While much research has been done to identify potential genetic causes of autism, this analysis suggests that non-heritable and environmental factors may also play a role in children's risk for autism.

Seabirds, a key factor in the dispersal of parasites

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 07:49 AM PDT

Due to their capacity to travel long distances, seabirds play an important role in the dispersal and biodiversity of parasites and of the infectious agents these may transmit, a new study shows.

Women have bigger pupils than men

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 07:49 AM PDT

From an anatomical point of view, a normal, non-pathological eye is known as an emmetropic eye, and has been studied very little until now in comparison with myopic and hypermetropic eyes. The results show that healthy emmetropic women have a wider pupil diameter than men.

Research breakthrough for drugs via the skin: Outermost layer of skin described in detail

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 07:49 AM PDT

Scientists have succeeded in describing the structure and function of the outermost layer of the skin – the stratum corneum – at a molecular level. This opens the way not only for the large-scale delivery of drugs via the skin, but also for a deeper understanding of skin diseases.

Heart study suggests city center pollution doubles risk of calcium build-up in arteries

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 07:48 AM PDT

City center residents who took part in a study were almost twice as likely to suffer from coronary artery calcification (CAC), which can lead to heart disease, than people who lived in less polluted urban and rural areas, according to new research.

Learning mechanism of the adult brain revealed

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 07:48 AM PDT

They say you can't teach an old dog new tricks. Fortunately, this is not always true. Researchers have now discovered how the adult brain can adapt to new situations. Their study may be significant in developing treatments of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Change in attitude may ease chronic pain by aiding sleep, study suggests

Posted: 26 Apr 2012 07:43 AM PDT

Chronic pain sufferers who learn to dwell less on their ailments may sleep better and experience less day-to-day pain, according to results of research conducted on people with chronic face and jaw pain.

115 proteins identified that would allow designing new generation anti-cancer drugs

Posted: 25 Apr 2012 04:32 PM PDT

Researchers have identified 115 proteins in silico that could be highly relevant to treat colon-rectal cancer, since they would make it possible to define the strategy to design new generation anti-cancer drugs. During the last years, it has been shown that drugs are not as selective as it was thought, and that they actually have an affinity for multiple biological targets. For this reason it is important to develop multi-target drugs, able to attack several targets simultaneously.

Some melanomas use cloaking protein to hide from cancer-killing immune cells

Posted: 25 Apr 2012 06:39 AM PDT

Scientists have found that melanoma cells use a cloaking protein to hide from immune cells poised to attack the cancer. Nearly 40 percent of their sampling of melanoma tissues contained the B7-H1 protein, also called PD-L1, and scientists say it could be used as a target for new therapies.
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