ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Better blood transfusions for preterm babies
• New test may improve cervical cancer detection
• New insights into virus proteome: Unknown proteins of the herpesvirus discovered
• Adults with ADHD commit fewer crimes when on medication
• Poor and often inaccurate web info on 'designer vagina' procedures
• Male bias persists in female-rich science conferences
• MicroRNA makes triple-negative breast cancer homesick
• Stem cells develop best in 3-D
• Daily steps add up for midlife women's health
• Drug resistance biomarker could improve cancer treatment
• Uncovering complexity in simple worm: Sensory input to motor output in one worm neuron
• Genome packaging: Key to breast cancer developement
• Short DNA strands in genome may be key to understanding human cognition and diseases
• Biomarking time: Methylome modifications offer new measure of our 'biological' age
• Surprise origin for coronary arteries could speed advances in regenerative medicine
• Kidney tumors have a mind of their own
• Potential drug target for inflammatory diseases including cancers
• Mechanism to repair clumped proteins explained
• Six steps to reduce dementia's most troubling symptoms
• MRI shows brain disruption in patients with post-concussion syndrome
• New test for tuberculosis could improve treatment, prevent deaths in Southern Africa
• More work needed on models to predict risk of chronic kidney disease
• Nearly 90 percent of clinical trialists think data should be more easily shared
• Trial results 'do not support the use of general health checks,' warn experts
• Low muscle strength in adolescence linked to increased risk of early death
• IUDs don't cause pelvic inflammatory disease in women, experts say

Better blood transfusions for preterm babies Posted: 23 Nov 2012 10:26 AM PST Results of new research are a promising step forward in helping to improve the quality of life-saving blood transfusions for preterm babies, by reducing the likelihood of adverse inflammatory responses to the blood.

New test may improve cervical cancer detection Posted: 23 Nov 2012 06:27 AM PST Routine smear tests have considerably reduced the number of cases of cervical cancer, but despite intensive screening women still die from the disease every year. Researchers have developed new methods of minimizing the number of missed cases and making diagnosis more reliable.

New insights into virus proteome: Unknown proteins of the herpesvirus discovered Posted: 23 Nov 2012 06:21 AM PST The genome encodes the complete information needed by an organism, including that required for protein production. Viruses, which are up to a thousand times smaller than human cells, have considerably smaller genomes. Using a type of herpesvirus as a model system scientists have shown that the genome of this virus contains much more information than previously assumed. The researchers identified several hundred novel proteins, many of which were surprisingly small.

Adults with ADHD commit fewer crimes when on medication Posted: 22 Nov 2012 06:51 AM PST Criminal behaviour in people with ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) dropped sharply during periods when they were on medication, according to a new extensive registry study.

Poor and often inaccurate web info on 'designer vagina' procedures Posted: 21 Nov 2012 06:03 PM PST The quality of internet information available for women opting for 'designer vagina' procedures is 'poor,' and in some cases, inaccurate, reveals a small study.

Male bias persists in female-rich science conferences Posted: 21 Nov 2012 06:02 PM PST Women scientists in primatology are poorly represented at symposia organized by men, but receive equal representation when symposia organizers are women or mixed groups, according to new research.

MicroRNA makes triple-negative breast cancer homesick Posted: 21 Nov 2012 06:02 PM PST Carcinoma cells are epithelial cells gone bad and have learned to act like neurons, inappropriately activating TrkB signaling to escape the programmed cell death known as anoikis. They do it by a mutation that nixes production of a microRNA called miR-200c. When researchers reintroduced miR-200c to aggressive, triple-negative breast cancer cells, these cells regained sensitivity to anoikis and self-destructed.

Stem cells develop best in 3-D Posted: 21 Nov 2012 12:33 PM PST Scientists are discovering the best way to make stem cells develop into insulin-producing cells. In the long term this new knowledge can improve diabetes treatment with cell therapy.

Daily steps add up for midlife women's health Posted: 21 Nov 2012 10:08 AM PST Moving 6,000 or more steps a day -- no matter how -- adds up to a healthier life for midlife women. That level of physical activity decreases the risk of diabetes and metabolic syndrome (a diabetes precursor and a risk for cardiovascular disease), showed a new study.

Drug resistance biomarker could improve cancer treatment Posted: 21 Nov 2012 10:08 AM PST Cancer therapies often have short-lived benefits due to the emergence of genetic mutations that cause drug resistance. A key gene that determines resistance to a range of cancer drugs has been reported in a new study. The study reveals a biomarker that can predict responses to cancer drugs and offers a strategy to treat drug-resistant tumors based on their genetic signature.

Uncovering complexity in simple worm: Sensory input to motor output in one worm neuron Posted: 21 Nov 2012 10:08 AM PST C. elegans, with just 302 neurons, has long been considered an ideal model system for the study of the nervous system. New research, however, is suggesting that the worms' "simple" nervous system may be much more complex than originally thought. In a new study of worm locomotion, researchers show that a single type of motor neuron harbors an entire sensorimotor loop.

Genome packaging: Key to breast cancer developement Posted: 21 Nov 2012 10:07 AM PST Two recent studies delve into the role of chromatin modifying enzymes and transcription factors in tumour cells. In one, it was found that the PARP1 enzyme activated by kinase CDK2 is necessary to induce the genes responsible for the proliferation of breast cancer cells in response to progesterone. In another, extensive work has been undertaken to identify those genes activated by the administration of progesterone in breast cancer, the sequences that can be recognized and how these genes are induced.

Short DNA strands in genome may be key to understanding human cognition and diseases Posted: 21 Nov 2012 10:06 AM PST Previously discarded, human-specific "junk" DNA represents untapped resource in the study of diseases like Alzheimer's and autism.

Biomarking time: Methylome modifications offer new measure of our 'biological' age Posted: 21 Nov 2012 10:06 AM PST In a new study, researchers describe markers and a model that quantify how aging occurs at the level of genes and molecules, providing not just a more precise way to determine how old someone is, but also perhaps anticipate or treat ailments and diseases that come with the passage of time.

Surprise origin for coronary arteries could speed advances in regenerative medicine Posted: 21 Nov 2012 10:06 AM PST During embryonic development, the all-important coronary arteries arise from cells previously considered incapable of producing them, according to scientists. The research may speed development of regenerative therapies for heart disease.

Kidney tumors have a mind of their own Posted: 21 Nov 2012 07:45 AM PST New research has found there are several different ways that kidney tumors can achieve the same result -- namely, grow.

Potential drug target for inflammatory diseases including cancers Posted: 21 Nov 2012 07:45 AM PST Scientists have identified the enzyme, telomerase, as a cause of chronic inflammation in human cancers. Chronic inflammation is now recognized as a key underlying cause for the development of many human cancers, autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic diseases such as diabetes. This enzyme, which is known to be responsible for providing cancer cells the endless ability to divide, is now found to also jumpstart and maintain chronic inflammation in cancers.

Mechanism to repair clumped proteins explained Posted: 21 Nov 2012 07:44 AM PST Clumped proteins can be dissolved with the aid of cellular repair systems -- a process of critical importance for cell survival especially under conditions of stress. Researchers have now decrypted the fundamental mechanism for dissolving protein aggregates that involves specific molecular chaperones.

Six steps to reduce dementia's most troubling symptoms Posted: 21 Nov 2012 07:44 AM PST Many of dementia's behavioral symptoms can be managed well without medications, experts say.

MRI shows brain disruption in patients with post-concussion syndrome Posted: 21 Nov 2012 04:58 AM PST MRI shows changes in the brains of people with post-concussion syndrome, according to a new study. Researchers hope the results point the way to improved detection and treatment for the disorder.

New test for tuberculosis could improve treatment, prevent deaths in Southern Africa Posted: 20 Nov 2012 04:49 PM PST A new rapid test for tuberculosis (TB) could substantially and cost-effectively reduce TB deaths and improve treatment in southern Africa -- a region where both HIV and tuberculosis are common.

More work needed on models to predict risk of chronic kidney disease Posted: 20 Nov 2012 04:49 PM PST Models used for predicting the likelihood of individuals developing chronic kidney disease and for predicting disease progression in people who already have the condition are useful tools but not yet robust enough to help inform clinical guidelines, according to a new study.

Nearly 90 percent of clinical trialists think data should be more easily shared Posted: 20 Nov 2012 04:35 PM PST Nearly nine out of 10 clinicians carrying out biomedical research trials believe that trial data should be shared more easily, even though they do express some practical concerns, a new study reveals.

Trial results 'do not support the use of general health checks,' warn experts Posted: 20 Nov 2012 04:35 PM PST Researchers have found that routine general health checks, which have become common practice in some countries, do not reduce the number of deaths from cardiovascular disease or cancer. They do, however, increase the number of new diagnoses.

Low muscle strength in adolescence linked to increased risk of early death Posted: 20 Nov 2012 04:35 PM PST Low muscle strength in adolescence is strongly associated with a greater risk of early death from several major causes, suggests a large study.

IUDs don't cause pelvic inflammatory disease in women, experts say Posted: 20 Nov 2012 04:33 PM PST The risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) following insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD) is very low, whether or not women have been screened beforehand for gonorrhea and chlamydia, according to a study of nearly 60,000 women.

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