ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Stopping smoking reduces risk of bacterial pneumonia in people with HIV
• Perfectionism and eating disorders: Complex issue
• Cleaning jobs linked to asthma risk
• Linchpin of skin response to UVA light discovered
• Overlooked ugly cholesterol causes heart disease, study suggests
• Childhood diagnosis of ADHD increased dramatically over 9-year period
• Nearly half of children under two years of age receive some vaccinations late
• Regular aspirin use linked to increased risk of age-related macular degeneration
• New way to kill lymphoma without chemotherapy: Golden nanoparticle starves cancer cell to death
• Light shed on complexity of gene therapy for congenital blindness
• How cells' DNA repair machinery can destroy viruses
• Longer CPR improves survival in both chidren and adults
• Hearing loss accelerates brain function decline in older adults
• Enzyme helps cancer cells avoid genetic instability
• Monitoring of immune function in critically ill children with influenza reveals severe immune suppression in non-survivors
• New findings on mortality of individuals with schizophrenia
• Molecular forces are key to proper cell division
• Smoke-free law linked to large fall in child asthma hospital admissions
• DNA chip to diagnose attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?
• Unique software supports behavioural intervention programs
• Protein structure: Immune system foiled by a hairpin
• New tool for selecting embryos in fertility treatments
• New technology shows diabetes

Stopping smoking reduces risk of bacterial pneumonia in people with HIV Posted: 21 Jan 2013 04:20 PM PST Bacterial pneumonia is one of the commonest and most serious infections occurring in people infected with HIV.  A metanalysis of cohort and case control studies finds that current smokers with HIV were at double the risk of bacterial pneumonia than non-smoking counterparts, but that when people stopped smoking their risk was reduced.

Perfectionism and eating disorders: Complex issue Posted: 21 Jan 2013 04:20 PM PST Two aspects of perfectionism are involved in body dissatisfaction and the development of eating disorders, according to a new study.  Adaptive perfectionism is high standards driving a person towards achieving a goal body image, and maladaptive perfectionism is concerned with mistakes and other people's opinions.

Cleaning jobs linked to asthma risk Posted: 21 Jan 2013 04:20 PM PST A new study has found strong evidence for a link between cleaning jobs and risk of developing asthma. Researchers tracked the occurrence of asthma in a group of 9,488 people born in Britain in 1958. Not including those who had asthma as children, nine per cent developed asthma by age 42. Risks in the workplace were responsible for one in six cases of adult onset asthma – even more than the one in nine cases attributed to smoking, according to the analysis. There are many occupations that are thought to cause asthma. In this study, 18 occupations were clearly linked with asthma risk, four of which were cleaning jobs and a further three of which were likely to involve exposure to cleaning products.

Linchpin of skin response to UVA light discovered Posted: 21 Jan 2013 01:19 PM PST Researchers have strengthened their understanding of how skin cells called melanocytes sense ultraviolet light and act to protect themselves with melanin. In a new study, they report experiments showing that an ion channel well-known elsewhere in the body for its chemical sensitivity, plays a central role in this process.

Overlooked ugly cholesterol causes heart disease, study suggests Posted: 21 Jan 2013 01:19 PM PST The risk of ischaemic heart disease is three times higher in persons with high levels of the so-called "ugly" cholesterol. This is the finding of a new study which is shedding light on a long debate on this topic.

Childhood diagnosis of ADHD increased dramatically over 9-year period Posted: 21 Jan 2013 01:19 PM PST The rate of children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder rose dramatically between 2001 and 2010 with non-Hispanic white children having the highest diagnosis rates, according to a new study. The study also showed there was a 90 percent increase in the diagnosis of ADHD among non-Hispanic black girls during the same nine-year period.

Nearly half of children under two years of age receive some vaccinations late Posted: 21 Jan 2013 01:19 PM PST Researchers found that 49 percent of children ages 2-24 months did not receive all recommended vaccinations or did not get vaccinated according to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices schedule.

Regular aspirin use linked to increased risk of age-related macular degeneration Posted: 21 Jan 2013 01:19 PM PST Regular aspirin use appears to be associated with an increased risk of neovascular age-related macular degeneration, which is a leading cause of blindness in older people, and it appears to be independent of a history of cardiovascular disease and smoking.

New way to kill lymphoma without chemotherapy: Golden nanoparticle starves cancer cell to death Posted: 21 Jan 2013 01:19 PM PST Scientists annihilated lymphoma by depriving it of a favorite food: HDL cholesterol. Researchers developed a new golden nanoparticle that's a replica of natural HDL. Acting like a secret double agent, the particle appears to the human lymphoma cell like natural HDL. But when the cell engages it, the particle plugs up the cell and blocks cholesterol from entering. The cell dies.

Light shed on complexity of gene therapy for congenital blindness Posted: 21 Jan 2013 01:17 PM PST Independent clinical trials have reported safety and efficacy for Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), a congenital form of blindness caused by mutations in a gene (RPE65) required for recycling vitamin A in the retina. Now, new research finds that gene therapy for LCA shows enduring improvement in vision but also advancing degeneration of affected retinal cells, both in LCA patients and animal models of the same condition.

How cells' DNA repair machinery can destroy viruses Posted: 21 Jan 2013 01:17 PM PST Researchers have decoded a system that makes certain types of immune cells impervious to HIV infection. The system's two vital components are high levels of a molecule that becomes embedded in viral DNA like a code written in invisible ink, and an enzyme that, when it reads the code, switches from repairing the DNA to chopping it up into unusable pieces.

Longer CPR improves survival in both chidren and adults Posted: 21 Jan 2013 01:17 PM PST Two large national U.S. studies show that extending CPR longer than previously thought useful saves lives in both children and adults. Research teams analyzed impact of duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients who suffered cardiac arrest while hospitalized.

Hearing loss accelerates brain function decline in older adults Posted: 21 Jan 2013 01:17 PM PST Older adults with hearing loss are more likely to develop problems thinking and remembering than older adults whose hearing is normal, according to a new study.

Enzyme helps cancer cells avoid genetic instability Posted: 21 Jan 2013 09:29 AM PST Cancer cells are resourceful survivors with plenty of tricks for staying alive. Researchers have uncovered one of these stratagems, showing how cells lacking the tumor suppressor BRCA1 can resume one form of DNA repair, sparing themselves from stagnation or death.

Monitoring of immune function in critically ill children with influenza reveals severe immune suppression in non-survivors Posted: 21 Jan 2013 09:29 AM PST Investigators have observed and evaluated critically ill children with influenza to evaluate the relationships between levels of systemic inflammation, immune function and likelihood to die from the illness.

New findings on mortality of individuals with schizophrenia Posted: 21 Jan 2013 07:33 AM PST A new study shows that the average life expectancy of men and women with schizophrenia is 15 years and 12 years shorter respectively than for those who do not suffer from the disease.

Molecular forces are key to proper cell division Posted: 21 Jan 2013 07:33 AM PST New details emerge about a molecular surveillance system that helps detect and correct errors in mitosis that can lead to cell death or human diseases. Biologists can watch and record images of the key players including microtubules, kinetochores, molecular engines and the polar ejection force.

Smoke-free law linked to large fall in child asthma hospital admissions Posted: 21 Jan 2013 05:32 AM PST The introduction of smoke-free legislation in England was immediately followed by a fall in the number of children admitted to hospital with asthma symptoms, a new study has found.

DNA chip to diagnose attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? Posted: 21 Jan 2013 05:32 AM PST Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder. Yet there is currently no tool that will confirm the diagnosis of ADHD. Now a researcher has developed a tool that could improve not only the diagnosis of but also the therapeutics for this disorder.

Unique software supports behavioural intervention programs Posted: 21 Jan 2013 05:32 AM PST The internet offers users a cost-effective way of accessing information and advice on any health problem, 24-hours a day. A group of social scientists has taken advantage of this by developing software which enables other researchers to easily create interactive internet-based intervention programs to support behavioral change. The software, known as LifeGuide, is being used in intervention programs, for example to quit smoking or manage weight loss.

Protein structure: Immune system foiled by a hairpin Posted: 21 Jan 2013 05:30 AM PST The innate immune system detects invasive pathogens and activates defense mechanisms to eliminate them. Pathogens, however, employ a variety of tricks to block this process. A new study shows how the measles virus thwarts the system, by means of a simple hairpin-like structure.

New tool for selecting embryos in fertility treatments Posted: 21 Jan 2013 05:30 AM PST Scientists have developed a new tool, a mathematical model to be exact, to help in the selection of embryos for transfer in fertility treatments. The model is especially useful for transfers of intermediate quality embryos on the second day after fertilization, when it is possible to estimate the probability of implantation in the uterus.

New technology shows diabetes Posted: 21 Jan 2013 05:30 AM PST A new imaging method for the study of insulin-producing cells in diabetes among other uses has been developed.

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