الأربعاء، 14 أغسطس 2013

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

Anthropologists study testosterone spikes in non-competitive activities

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 05:14 PM PDT

The everyday physical activities of an isolated group of forager-farmers in central Bolivia are providing valuable information about how industrialization and its associated modern amenities may impact health and wellness.

Toxicologist says NAS panel 'misled the world' when adopting radiation exposure guidelines

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 05:14 PM PDT

A toxicologist describes how regulators came to adopt the linear no threshold (LNT) dose-response approach to ionizing radiation exposure in the 1950s, which was later generalized to chemical carcinogen risk assessment. He also offers further evidence to support his earlier assertions that two geneticists deliberately suppressed evidence to prevent the U.S. National Academy of Sciences from considering an alternative, threshold model, for which there was experimental support.

Brain scans may help diagnose dyslexia

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 05:14 PM PDT

A new study shows that differences in a key language structure can be seen even before children start learning to read.

New culprit that may make aging brains susceptible to neurodegenerative diseases identified

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 05:13 PM PDT

The steady accumulation of a protein in healthy, aging brains may explain seniors' vulnerability to neurodegenerative disorders, a new study reports.

Early surgery better than watchful waiting for patients with severe mitral valve regurgitation

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 05:09 PM PDT

Patients with severe mitral valve regurgitation who are otherwise healthy should have mitral valve repair surgery sooner rather than later, even if they feel no symptoms. The results challenge the long-held belief that it is safer to "watch and wait" until a patient has symptoms, such as shortness of breath.

New compound prevents first steps of fungal infection

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 10:45 AM PDT

A team of researchers has discovered a chemical compound that prevents fungal cells from adhering to surfaces.

How genes tell cellular construction crews, 'Read me now!'

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 10:04 AM PDT

When egg and sperm combine, the new embryo bustles with activity. Its cells multiply so rapidly they largely ignore their DNA, other than to copy it and to read just a few essential genes. The embryonic cells mainly rely on molecular instructions placed in the egg by its mother in the form of RNA.

Computer model predicts red blood cell flow

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 10:03 AM PDT

Researchers have now created the first simplified computer model of the process that forms the Fåhræus-Lindqvist layer in our blood -- a model that could help to improve the design of artificial platelets and medical treatments for trauma injuries and for blood disorders such as sickle cell anemia and malaria.

Children with allergy, asthma may be at higher risk for ADHD

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 10:03 AM PDT

Researchers have found that there is an increased risk of ADHD in boys that have a history of allergy or asthma. The study also found an even stronger risk associated with milk intolerance.

Meal timing can significantly improve fertility in women with polycystic ovaries

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 09:16 AM PDT

A common disorder that impairs fertility by producing an overabundance of insulin may be naturally treatable through meal timing. Research indicates that an increased caloric intake at breakfast can lead to lower levels of testosterone and a dramatic increase in ovulation frequency.

Breaking up the superbugs' party

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 09:15 AM PDT

The fight against antibiotic-resistant superbugs has taken a step forward thanks to a new discovery by scientists.

Newly discovered 'switch' plays dual role in memory formation

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 08:23 AM PDT

Researchers have uncovered a protein switch that can either increase or decrease memory-building activity in brain cells, depending on the signals it detects. Its dual role means the protein is key to understanding the complex network of signals that shapes our brain's circuitry, the researchers say.

Decellularized mouse heart beats again after regenerating with human heart precursor cells

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 08:23 AM PDT

For the first time, a mouse heart beat again after its own cells were stripped and replaced with human heart precursor cells. The findings show the promise that regenerating a functional organ by placing human induced pluripotent stem cells -- which could be personalized for the recipient -- in a three-dimensional scaffold could have for transplantation and understanding heart development.

More accurate multiple sclerosis diagnostics possible

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 08:21 AM PDT

A group of proteins could play a role in helping multiple sclerosis patients get more accurate diagnostics about the severity and progress of their disease.

Heat waves increase incidence of infectious gastroenteritis and IBD flares

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 08:17 AM PDT

Swiss researchers report an increase risk of inflammatory bowel disease relapse in patients during heat wave periods. The study also found an increase of infectious gastroenteritis during heat waves, with the strongest impact following a 7 day lag time after the heat wave.

Autism four times likelier when mother's thyroid is weakened

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 08:17 AM PDT

Pregnant women who don't make nearly enough thyroid hormone are nearly 4 times likelier to produce autistic children than healthy women.

Mediterranean diet counteracts a genetic risk of stroke

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 08:17 AM PDT

A gene variant strongly associated with development of type 2 diabetes appears to interact with a Mediterranean diet pattern to prevent stroke, report researchers. The results are a significant advance for nutrigenomics, the study of the linkages between nutrition and gene function.

Sugar toxic to mice in 'safe' doses, test finds

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 08:17 AM PDT

When mice ate a diet of 25 percent extra sugar -- the mouse equivalent of a healthy human diet plus three cans of soda daily -- females died at twice the normal rate and males were a quarter less likely to hold territory and reproduce, according to a toxicity test developed at the University of Utah.

New strategy to disarm the dengue virus brings new hope for a universal dengue vaccine

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 07:19 AM PDT

A new strategy that cripples the ability of the dengue virus to escape the host immune system has been discovered. This breakthrough strategy opens a door of hope to what may become the world's first universal dengue vaccine candidate that can give full protection from all four serotypes of the dreadful virus.

Virus-derived particles target blood cancer

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 07:19 AM PDT

Researchers have developed unique virus-derived particles that can kill human blood cancer cells in the laboratory and eradicate the disease in mice with few side effects.

DHA-enriched formula in infancy linked to positive cognitive outcomes in childhood

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 07:19 AM PDT

While the effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in infant formula on children's cognitive development may not always be evident on standardized developmental tasks at 18 months, significant effects may emerge later on more specific or fine-grained tasks.

MRSA strain in humans originally came from cattle

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 07:18 AM PDT

A strain of bacteria that causes skin and soft tissue infections in humans originally came from cattle, according to a new study. The researchers who conducted the genetic analysis of strains of Staphylococcus aureus known as CC97 say these strains developed resistance to methicillin after they crossed over into humans around forty years ago.

Love and work don't always work for working class in America, study shows

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 07:18 AM PDT

The decline and disappearance of stable, unionized full-time jobs with health insurance and pensions for people who lack a college degree has had profound effects on working-class Americans who now are less likely to get married, stay married, and have their children within marriage than those with college degrees, a new study has found.

Study challenges popular perception of new 'hookup culture' on college campuses

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 07:18 AM PDT

A new study challenges the popular perception that there is a "new and pervasive hookup culture" among contemporary college students.

Who benefits from vitamin D?

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 07:10 AM PDT

Studying the expression of genes that are dependent on vitamin D makes it possible to identify individuals who will benefit from vitamin D supplementation, shows a new study. Population-based studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk for chronic diseases and weaken the body's immune system.

Enhancer RNAs may open new avenues for gene therapy

Posted: 13 Aug 2013 07:10 AM PDT

A study investigating the function of the recently discovered enhancer RNA molecules may open new avenues for gene therapy. According to the study researchers, altering the production and function of these molecules could affect the expression of genes and, in consequence, possibly also the progression of various diseases.

New electron beam writer enables next-gen biomedical and information technologies

Posted: 12 Aug 2013 05:35 PM PDT

The new electron beam writer housed in the Nano3 cleanroom facility at the Qualcomm Institute is important for electrical engineering professor Shadi Dayeh's two major areas of research. He is developing next-generation, nanoscale transistors for integrated electronics; and he is developing neural probes that have the capacity to extract electrical signals from individual brain cells and transmit the information to a prosthetic device or computer.

From Einstein to Oprah: Famous faces may help spot early dementia

Posted: 12 Aug 2013 01:59 PM PDT

A new study suggests that simple tests that measure the ability to recognize and name famous people such as Albert Einstein, Bill Gates or Oprah Winfrey may help doctors identify early dementia in those 40 to 65 years of age.
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