الجمعة، 16 أغسطس 2013

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

Both a Mediterranean diet and diets low in available carbohydrates protect against type 2 diabetes, study suggests

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 05:37 PM PDT

New research shows that a Mediterranean-style diet and diets low in available carbohydrates can offer protection against type 2 diabetes.

Celery, artichokes contain flavonoids that kill human pancreatic cancer cells

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 02:23 PM PDT

Celery, artichokes, and herbs, especially Mexican oregano, all contain apigenin and luteolin, flavonoids that kill human pancreatic cancer cells in the lab by inhibiting an important enzyme, according to two new studies.

High debt could be hazardous to your health

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 02:23 PM PDT

If young people are drowning in debt, their blood pressure may be on the rise and their health could suffer. A new study has found that high financial debt is associated with higher diastolic blood pressure and poorer self-reported general and mental health in young adults.

Sexual health for postmenopausal women improved by hypnotic relaxation therapy

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 02:23 PM PDT

Hypnotic relaxation therapy improves sexual health in women who have hot flashes, according new research.

Obesity kills more Americans than previously thought: One in five Americans, Black and White, die from obesity

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 02:23 PM PDT

Obesity is a lot more deadly than previously thought. Across recent decades, obesity accounted for 18 percent of deaths among Black and White Americans between the ages of 40 and 85, according to a new study. This finding challenges the prevailing wisdom among scientists, which puts that portion at around 5 percent.

Stressed bacteria stop growing: Mechanism discovered

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 02:22 PM PDT

Man, a mouse or a microbe, stress is bad. Experiments in bacteria by molecular biologists have uncovered the mechanism that translates stress, such as exposure to extreme temperature, into temporarily blocked cell growth. Bacteria deal with stress by destroying proteins needed for replication.

Answering critical questions to respond to anthrax attack

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 02:21 PM PDT

Researchers have developed a mathematical model to help answer critical questions and guide the response to an anthrax exposure.

Cell memory mechanism discovered

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 01:15 PM PDT

DNA binding proteins called transcription factors are required for maintaining cell identity. They ensure that daughter cells have the same function as their mother cell. However, each time a cell divides the specific binding pattern of the transcription factors is erased and has to be restored in both mother and daughter cells. Previously it was unknown how this process works, but now scientists have discovered the importance of particular protein rings encircling the DNA and how these function as the cell's memory.

A new wrinkle in Parkinson's disease research: Skin cream ingredient may stop effects of Parkinson's on brain cells

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 01:14 PM PDT

Scientists have discovered that an active ingredient in an over-the-counter skin cream slows or stops the effects of Parkinson's disease on brain cells. Scientists identified the link through biochemical and cellular studies, and the research team is now testing the drug in animal models of Parkinson's.

Finasteride: Long-term survival of participants in prostate cancer prevention trial detailed

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 01:14 PM PDT

Initial findings from a decade ago showed that the drug finasteride significantly reduced the risk of prostate cancer, but among those who did develop prostate cancer, paradoxically, the drug was associated with an increased risk of high-grade disease. Long term results show the small excess of higher grade tumors in the men in the finasteride arm of the study did not translate into an increased risk of death.

Heart's own stem cells offer hope for new treatment of heart failure

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 11:51 AM PDT

Researchers have for the first time highlighted the natural regenerative capacity of a group of stem cells that reside in the heart.

Sugar helps scientists find and assess prostate tumors

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 11:50 AM PDT

A natural form of sugar could offer a new, noninvasive way to precisely image tumors and potentially see whether cancer medication is effective, by means of a new imaging technology.

Shining stem cells reveals how our skin is maintained

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 10:35 AM PDT

All organs in our body rely on stem cells in order to maintain their function. The skin is our largest organ and forms a shield against the environment. New research challenge current stem cell models and explains how the skin is maintained throughout life.

More than 28 cups of coffee a week may endanger health in under 55s

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 10:34 AM PDT

Drinking large amounts of coffee may be bad for under 55 year olds. A study of more than 40,000 individuals found a statistically significant 21 percent increased mortality in those drinking more than 28 cups of coffee a week and death from all causes, with a greater than 50 percent increased mortality risk in both men and women younger than 55 years of age. Investigators warn that younger people in particular may need to avoid heavy coffee consumption.

Evolution of hyperswarming bacteria could develop anti-biofilm therapies

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 10:34 AM PDT

Hyperswarming, pathogenic bacteria have repeatedly evolved in a lab, and the good news is that they should be less of a problem to us than their less mobile kin. That's because those hyperswarmers, adorned with multiple whipping flagella, are also much worse at sticking together on surfaces in hard-to-treat biofilms. They might even help us figure out a way to develop anti-biofilm therapies for use in people with cystic fibrosis or other conditions.

Human eye movements for vision are remarkably adaptable

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 10:34 AM PDT

When something gets in the way of our ability to see, we quickly pick up a new way to look according to a new study. Our eyes are constantly on the move, darting this way and that. Now researchers have found that the precise manner of those eye movements can change within a matter of hours. This discovery might suggest a way to help those with macular degeneration better cope with vision loss.

Viral infection and specialized lung cells linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 10:31 AM PDT

Investigators have described another link in the chain of events that connect acute viral infections to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Mountain high: Genetic adaptation for high altitudes identified

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 10:31 AM PDT

Scientists have decoded the genetic basis of chronic mountain sickness (CMS) or Monge's disease. Their study provides important information that validates the genetic basis of adaptation to high altitudes, and provides potential targets for CMS treatment.

Dad's genes build placentas, explaining grandsire effect

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 10:30 AM PDT

Placentas support the fetus and mother, but those organs grow according to blueprints from dad, according to new research. The study shows that the genes in a fetus that come from the father dominate in building the fetal side of the placenta.

Worms may shed light on human ability to handle chronic stress

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 08:37 AM PDT

Researchers hope a new study will shed light on how our nervous system responds to stress and why some people suffer and others are better able to cope.

Beating blindness with vegetable oil

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 08:36 AM PDT

New findings suggest that incubating retinal cells with vegetable oils induces biochemical and biophysical changes in the cell membrane, which may have a beneficial effect in preventing or slowing the development of retinopathy.

Three-dimensional model of bacterium created

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 08:35 AM PDT

New methods of electron microscopy have decoded the structure of Gemmata obscuriglobus.

Researchers report a critical role for the complement system in early macular degeneration

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 07:51 AM PDT

Researchers report the unexpected finding that in mice genetically engineered to have an inherited form of macular degeneration, turning off the animals' complement system, a part of the immune system, prevented the disease.

New early warning system for cholera epidemics

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 07:48 AM PDT

Researchers have established new techniques for predicting the severity of seasonal cholera epidemics months before they occur and with a greater degree of accuracy than other methods based on remote satellite imaging. Taken together, findings from these two papers may provide the essential lead time to strengthen intervention efforts before the outbreak of cholera in endemic regions.

Study examines risk of severe blood sugar swings among diabetics taking fluoroquinolones

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 05:48 AM PDT

Diabetic patients taking oral fluoroquinolones, a frequently prescribed class of antibiotics, were found to have a higher risk of severe blood sugar-related problems than diabetic patients taking other kinds of antibiotics, according to a recent study. The increased risk was low, but clinicians should consider the higher risk when treating diabetic patients with fluoroquinolones, especially moxifloxacin, and prescribe them cautiously, the study's authors concluded.

Exercise is no quick cure for insomnia

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 05:48 AM PDT

Exercise is a common prescription for insomnia. But hitting the treadmill one day won't translate into better sleep that night, reports new research. It takes four months so people shouldn't get discouraged. This is the first long-term study to show aerobic exercise during the day does not result in improved sleep that night when people have insomnia. The study also showed people exercise less following nights with worse sleep.

The first animal model for sexual transmission of HIV

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 05:48 AM PDT

Despite the availability of many animal models of HIV infection, none reproduce the physiological conditions of vaginal intercourse, which is the most common route of HIV transmission. Researchers describe an approach for transmission of HIV during mouse mating. Their system provides a platform for investigating how the physiological environment during intercourse influences the rate of HIV transmission, and for testing potential therapies.

Nervous system disease: A new outlet for an old drug?

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 05:47 AM PDT

A sixty-year old drug designed to treat vitamin B1 deficiency helps ease the symptoms of a chronic, progress nervous system disease, a clinical trial reveals. A large-scale, randomized controlled trial is now needed to help reveal the drugs true potential.

In nonsmoking women, breastfeeding for more than six months may protect against breast cancer

Posted: 15 Aug 2013 05:43 AM PDT

A new analysis has found that breastfeeding for more than six months may safeguard nonsmoking mothers against breast cancer. The same does not seem to hold true for smoking mothers, though. The findings add to the list of benefits of breastfeeding for women and their babies.

Containing infectious disease outbreaks

Posted: 14 Aug 2013 04:16 PM PDT

Researchers have identified a rapid response which could help halt infectious diseases such as bird flu, swine flu and SARS before they take hold. Focusing on the avian flu virus strain H5N1, research identifies key stages in the poultry trade chain which lead to its transmission to other birds, animals and humans.

Bee venom: Biophysicists zoom in on pore-forming toxin

Posted: 14 Aug 2013 10:24 AM PDT

Biophysicists offer the most comprehensive picture yet of the molecular-level action of melittin, the major toxin in bee venom. The research could aid in the development of new drugs that use a similar mechanism as melittin's to attack cancer and bacteria.

Spicing up your fish fillets with science

Posted: 14 Aug 2013 09:48 AM PDT

Scientists have investigated strategies to increase long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in rainbow trout. They looked at the addition of coriander oil to vegetable oil-based diets to increase the bioconversion of alpha-linolenic acid to EPA and DHA.

Baker's yeast: Flexible throughout life by varying numbers of chromosome copies

Posted: 14 Aug 2013 07:01 AM PDT

Baker's yeast is a popular test organism in biology. Yeasts are able to duplicate single chromosomes reversibly and thereby adapt flexibly to environmental conditions. Scientists have now systematically studied the genetics of this process, which biologists refer to as aneuploidy. The team's new insights will allow a new medical evaluation of aneuploidy, which is associated with certain diseases when it occurs in multicellular organisms.
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