ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Immune system discovery could lead to vaccine to prevent mono, some cancers
• Genes outside nucleus have disproportionate effect
• Psychological interventions halve deaths, events in heart disease patients
• Heart attack patients return to work later, retire earlier if treatment is delayed
• Scientists help identify possible botulism blocker
• Compound in grapes, red wine could help treat multiple types of cancer
• Two forms of Parkinson's disease identified
• Change in circulating tumor cells detection has potential in prediction of prostate cancer
• Disrupting antioxidant pathway prevents heart disease caused by reductive stress
• Packaging stem cells in capsules for heart therapy
• Targeted treatment plus chemotherapy could benefit women with ovarian cancer
• Researchers discover new regulator of drug detoxication
• Cell growth discovery has implications for targeting cancer
• Cartilage damage could be repaired
• Well-child visits more likely when parents use online health tools
• Badgers ultimately responsible for around half of TB in cattle
• Improving child malnutrition in developing countries
• More salmon, more hydropower
• Healthier Diets Possible in Low-Income, Rural Communities
• New theory of synapse formation in the brain
• Scientists identify protein linking exercise to brain health
• Mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic kidney disease
• Stem cell breakthrough could set up future transplant therapies
• Overweight, obese children face high risk of hypertension
• Preventable risk factors pose threat to heart health of childhood cancer survivors
• Super-enhancers improve dialog between genes, disease
• Researchers identify liver cancer progenitor cells before tumors become visible
• New hepatitis C drug shows potential in phase 2 trials
• 'Pouchitis' after ulcerative colitis surgery linked to changes in gene expression

Immune system discovery could lead to vaccine to prevent mono, some cancers Posted: 12 Oct 2013 06:30 AM PDT Development of a vaccine against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has taken a step forward with the Canadian discovery of how EBV infection evades detection by the immune system.

Genes outside nucleus have disproportionate effect Posted: 12 Oct 2013 06:30 AM PDT New research shows that the tiny proportion of a cell's DNA that is located outside the cell nucleus has a disproportionately large effect on a cell's metabolism. The work, with the model plant Arabidopsis, may have implications for future treatments for inherited diseases in humans.

Psychological interventions halve deaths, events in heart disease patients Posted: 12 Oct 2013 06:30 AM PDT Psychological interventions halve deaths and cardiovascular events in heart disease patients, according to research.

Heart attack patients return to work later, retire earlier if treatment is delayed Posted: 12 Oct 2013 06:30 AM PDT System delays in treating patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction postpones their return to work and increases early retirement, according to research.

Scientists help identify possible botulism blocker Posted: 11 Oct 2013 10:53 AM PDT Scientists have decoded a key molecular gateway for the toxin that causes botulism, pointing the way to treatments that can keep the food-borne poison out of the bloodstream.

Compound in grapes, red wine could help treat multiple types of cancer Posted: 11 Oct 2013 10:53 AM PDT A recent study by a University of Missouri researcher shows that resveratrol, a compound found in grape skins and red wine, can make certain tumor cells more susceptible to radiation treatment. The next step is for researchers to develop a successful method to deliver the compound to tumor sites and potentially treat many types of cancers.

Two forms of Parkinson's disease identified Posted: 11 Oct 2013 10:52 AM PDT Why can the symptoms of Parkinson's disease vary so greatly from one patient to another? A consortium of researchers is well on the way to providing an explanation. Parkinson's disease is caused by a protein known as alpha-synuclein, which forms aggregates within neurons, killing them eventually. The researchers have succeeded in characterizing and producing two different types of alpha-synuclein aggregates. Better still, they have shown that one of these two forms is much more toxic than the other and has a greater capacity to invade neurons.

Change in circulating tumor cells detection has potential in prediction of prostate cancer Posted: 11 Oct 2013 10:52 AM PDT A new study reveals that in the prediction of treatment outcome for castration-resistant prostate cancer, a change in circulating tumour cells detection might be more accurate than the change in prostate-specific antigen levels.

Disrupting antioxidant pathway prevents heart disease caused by reductive stress Posted: 11 Oct 2013 10:50 AM PDT Researchers have found that deficiency of an antioxidant response protein called nuclear erythroid-2 like factor-2 (Nrf2) delays or prevents hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Packaging stem cells in capsules for heart therapy Posted: 11 Oct 2013 07:12 AM PDT In many studies of stem cell therapy for heart disease, most of the cells wash away in the first hour. Researchers encapsulate mesenchymal stem cells in alginate so that the cells stay alive and in the heart. In rats, the capsules promote healing after a heart attack. Alginate has several biomedical uses already so the path to translation looks good.

Targeted treatment plus chemotherapy could benefit women with ovarian cancer Posted: 11 Oct 2013 07:12 AM PDT Conventional chemotherapy could further extend life in some women with ovarian cancer when used in tandem with a new type of targeted treatment, a new international study shows. The research provides important evidence that PARP inhibitor drugs and chemotherapy can both be effective in the same patients, helping women live longer than they would if treated with chemotherapy alone.

Researchers discover new regulator of drug detoxication Posted: 11 Oct 2013 07:12 AM PDT Drug abuse and alcohol are two of the most frequent causes of liver damage. Such kind of liver damage can cause irreversible liver failure and cancer. Researchers have discovered an important new protective role of the Fra-1 protein, which neutralizes the damage caused by agents, such as the analgesic drug acetaminophen. This is the first study to reveal a function of Fra-1 in protecting this important organ.

Cell growth discovery has implications for targeting cancer Posted: 11 Oct 2013 07:11 AM PDT The way cells divide to form new cells — to support growth, to repair damaged tissues, or simply to maintain our healthy adult functioning — is controlled in previously unsuspected ways, researchers have discovered. The findings, they said, may lead to new ways to fight cancer.

Cartilage damage could be repaired Posted: 11 Oct 2013 06:40 AM PDT A team of scientists has developed a smart hydrogel material that could promote cartilage regeneration. Their method consists in releasing medication at the right place and at the right time. In the future, damage to cartilage following injuries may no longer have to be irreversible.

Well-child visits more likely when parents use online health tools Posted: 11 Oct 2013 06:39 AM PDT Young children whose parents used an integrated personal health record were more likely to attend six or more of the nationally recommended well-child care visits by 15 months of age, according to a study published. Using any Web-enabled device, PHRs allow patients to view parts of their medical record, including immunizations and after-visit instructions, manage appointments, refill prescriptions, check lab results, and securely communicate with their health care providers.

Badgers ultimately responsible for around half of TB in cattle Posted: 11 Oct 2013 06:38 AM PDT Badgers are ultimately responsible for roughly half of tuberculosis (TB) in cattle in areas with high TB prevalence, according to new estimates based on data from a previous badger culling trial.

Improving child malnutrition in developing countries Posted: 11 Oct 2013 06:36 AM PDT NutrInfo consists of application software that captures weight and height data by using a remote bascule and a mobile device. The application can update nutritional data immediately, with the purpose of preventing high infant mortality rates in developing countries.

More salmon, more hydropower Posted: 11 Oct 2013 06:36 AM PDT Research shows that it is perfectly possible for rivers to produce more salmon and electricity at the same time; a new environmental handbook shows the way.

Healthier Diets Possible in Low-Income, Rural Communities Posted: 11 Oct 2013 06:33 AM PDT In the United States, children don't eat enough fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Instead, their diets typically include excessive amounts of sugars and solid fats, counter to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations, increasing the risk of obesity and diabetes. A team of investigators implemented a two-year intervention study in low-income, rural areas where a disproportionately higher risk of overweight and obesity habits among children persists. The children enrolled in the study consumed significantly more fruits and vegetables.

New theory of synapse formation in the brain Posted: 10 Oct 2013 05:53 PM PDT The human brain keeps changing throughout a person's lifetime. Researchers have now been able to ascribe the formation of new neural networks in the visual cortex to a simple homeostatic rule. With this explanation, they also provide a new theory on the plasticity of the brain -- and a novel approach to understanding learning processes and treating brain injuries and diseases.

Scientists identify protein linking exercise to brain health Posted: 10 Oct 2013 05:48 PM PDT A protein that is increased by endurance exercise has been isolated and given to non-exercising mice, in which it turned on genes that promote brain health and encourage the growth of new nerves involved in learning and memory, report scientists.

Mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic kidney disease Posted: 10 Oct 2013 05:47 PM PDT Researchers have identified 13 metabolites – small molecules produced by cellular metabolism – that are significantly different in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease compared to healthy controls.

Stem cell breakthrough could set up future transplant therapies Posted: 10 Oct 2013 09:47 AM PDT A new method for creating stem cells for the human liver and pancreas, which could enable both cell types to be grown in sufficient quantities for clinical use, has been developed by scientists.

Overweight, obese children face high risk of hypertension Posted: 10 Oct 2013 09:46 AM PDT High body weight in children and adolescents is strongly associated with the likelihood of hypertension, according researchers.

Preventable risk factors pose threat to heart health of childhood cancer survivors Posted: 10 Oct 2013 09:43 AM PDT For childhood cancer survivors, risk factors associated with lifestyle, particularly hypertension, dramatically increase the likelihood of developing serious heart problems as adults, according to a national study.

Super-enhancers improve dialog between genes, disease Posted: 10 Oct 2013 09:43 AM PDT Having recently discovered a set of powerful gene regulators that control cell identity in a few mouse and human cell types, scientists are now showing that these regulators — which they named "super-enhancers" — act across a vast array of human cell types and are enriched in mutated regions of the genome that are closely associated with a broad spectrum of diseases.

Researchers identify liver cancer progenitor cells before tumors become visible Posted: 10 Oct 2013 09:43 AM PDT For the first time, researchers have isolated and characterized the progenitor cells that eventually give rise to malignant hepatocellular carcinoma tumors – the most common form of liver cancer. The researchers found ways to identify and isolate the HCC progenitor cells long before actual tumors were apparent.

New hepatitis C drug shows potential in phase 2 trials Posted: 10 Oct 2013 07:51 AM PDT The addition of danoprevir to the current treatment regimen for patients with hepatitis C leads to high rates of remission, according to a new article.

'Pouchitis' after ulcerative colitis surgery linked to changes in gene expression Posted: 10 Oct 2013 07:48 AM PDT "Pouchitis" developing after surgery for ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with changes in gene expression, which increase along with disease severity, reports a study.

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