ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Blood stem cells age at the unexpected flip of a molecular switch
• Two genetic wrongs make a biochemical right
• Potential new drug effective in breast cancer, melanoma resistant to targeted therapies
• Targeted investigational therapy potential to overcome crizotinib resistance in lung cancers
• Potential new drug for some patients with treatment-resistant lung cancer
• New idea for targeting a common cancer protein
• Inherited gene variation tied to high-risk pediatric leukemia, risk of relapse
• Flu virus wipes out immune system's first responders to establish infection
• Researchers delve into the behavior of cohesins
• Mutations in cancer often affect the X chromosome
• Oral nutritional supplements may help hospitals achieve readmission reduction policies
• Link strengthened between low fiber intake, increased cardiovascular risk
• The benefits of bacteria for gut health
• Tanning gene linked to increased risk of testicular cancer
• Salmonella sensing system
• New tool predicts survival in advanced prostate cancer

Blood stem cells age at the unexpected flip of a molecular switch Posted: 20 Oct 2013 01:06 PM PDT Scientists have found a novel and unexpected molecular switch that could become a key to slowing some of the ravages of getting older as it prompts blood stem cells to age.

Two genetic wrongs make a biochemical right Posted: 20 Oct 2013 01:06 PM PDT In a biological quirk that promises to provide researchers with a new approach for studying and potentially treating Fragile X syndrome, scientists have shown that knocking out a gene important for messenger RNA translation in neurons restores memory deficits and reduces behavioral symptoms in a mouse model of a prevalent human neurological disease.

Potential new drug effective in breast cancer, melanoma resistant to targeted therapies Posted: 20 Oct 2013 01:06 PM PDT LEE011, a small-molecule inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4/6 has showen promising results in drug-resistant melanoma and drug-resistant breast cancer when tested in combination with other targeted therapies. Based on these preclinical results, several phase I clinical trials were launched recently.

Targeted investigational therapy potential to overcome crizotinib resistance in lung cancers Posted: 20 Oct 2013 01:06 PM PDT An investigational drug has the potential to become a new treatment option for patients who have lung cancer harboring abnormalities in the ALK gene.

Potential new drug for some patients with treatment-resistant lung cancer Posted: 20 Oct 2013 01:06 PM PDT The investigational showed promise in preclinical studies and provides hope for patients with advanced lung cancers that have become resistant to existing EGFR inhibitors.

New idea for targeting a common cancer protein Posted: 20 Oct 2013 01:06 PM PDT Patients with cancers driven by the protein KRAS, which are particularly hard to treat, may benefit from small molecules that attach to and disrupt the function of a KRAS-containing protein complex.

Inherited gene variation tied to high-risk pediatric leukemia, risk of relapse Posted: 20 Oct 2013 01:05 PM PDT Research scientists have linked an inherited gene variation to a nearly four-fold increased risk of developing a pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) subtype that is associated with a poor outcome.

Flu virus wipes out immune system's first responders to establish infection Posted: 20 Oct 2013 01:04 PM PDT Revealing influenza's truly insidious nature, scientists have discovered that the virus is able to infect its host by first killing off the cells of the immune system that are actually best equipped to neutralize the virus.

Researchers delve into the behavior of cohesins Posted: 18 Oct 2013 10:22 AM PDT Understanding the regulation of cohesins can improve diagnosis and treatment for some cancer patients or those suffering from Cornella de Lange Syndrome. New research shows that Pds5 proteins modulate the behavior of cohesins to ensure the proper division of cells.

Mutations in cancer often affect the X chromosome Posted: 18 Oct 2013 10:22 AM PDT Every cell in a woman's body inactivates one of its two X chromosomes. Scientists have discovered that various types of cancer exhibit an abnormally huge numbers of mutations in the inactive X chromosome. The findings help scientists understand how mutations accumulate in damaged cells and eventually lead to the development of cancer.

Oral nutritional supplements may help hospitals achieve readmission reduction policies Posted: 18 Oct 2013 10:22 AM PDT In the US, one in five Medicare patients is readmitted to a hospital each year at an estimated cost of $17.5 billion annually. To reduce this impact, the Affordable Care Act has introduced hospital penalties based on readmissions conditions that commonly affect patients aged 65 and older -- including acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and pneumonia.

Link strengthened between low fiber intake, increased cardiovascular risk Posted: 18 Oct 2013 10:21 AM PDT New research shows a significant association between low dietary fiber intake and cardiometabolic risks including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular inflammation, and obesity.

The benefits of bacteria for gut health Posted: 18 Oct 2013 10:20 AM PDT Scientists have shown that specific gut bacteria are beneficial for maintaining a healthy intestine in the fruit fly Drosophila and mice and also contribute to the overall health of these organisms. The researchers demonstrated that bacteria in the gut, particularly members of the genus Lactobacillus, promote the growth of host epithelial cells and that this is essential for maintaining homeostasis in the intestinal system.

Tanning gene linked to increased risk of testicular cancer Posted: 18 Oct 2013 10:20 AM PDT A gene important in skin tanning has been linked to higher risk for testicular cancer in white men, according to a study. Nearly 80 percent of white men carry a variant form of this gene, which increased risk of testicular cancer up to threefold in the study.

Salmonella sensing system Posted: 18 Oct 2013 10:20 AM PDT Foodborne illnesses spread easily and, as such, are a difficult-to-control problem -- even more so in developing nations. Quick detection can play a critical role in halting the spread of contamination. Traditional detection methods, however, tend to be haltingly slow. Recognizing the need for a real-time biosensing system to detect pathogenic bacteria, a team of researchers came up with a novel design to do so.

New tool predicts survival in advanced prostate cancer Posted: 18 Oct 2013 10:20 AM PDT Researchers have developed a tool for doctors to forecast the potential survival of individual patients, enabling faster, more accurate information on whether to try additional rounds of treatment or seek clinical trials.

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