ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Aerobic exercise benefits memory in persons with MS
• New model for organ repair
• Treating gum disease by bringing needed immune cells to inflamed tissue
• Simulation, team training improves performance, patient safety
• Sugar intake not directly related to liver disease
• Double-pronged attack could treat common children's cancer
• Fracture prevention in cancer-associated bone disease
• Leading cause of heart disease ignored in North America's poorest communities
• Study tracks risk of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) exposure in Brazil's urban areas
• New weapon in fight against superbugs
• 'Immune fingerprints' may help diagnose bacterial infections, guide treatment
• Pregnant women who snore at higher risk for c-sections, delivering smaller babies
• Microbleeds important to consider in brain-related treatments
• Scientists develop candidate vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus
• Public health policies, practices may negatively affect marginalized populations
• Women under 60 with diabetes at much greater risk for heart disease
• Direct link established between stimulus-response learning, substance abuse
• Increasing rate of knee replacements linked to obesity among young
• Scientists discover why newborns get sick so often
• Researchers model familial amyloidosis in vitro using iPSC technology
• Cellular tail length tells human disease tale
• Study offers new theory of cancer development
• How protein suicide assure healthy cell structures
• Long-term use of prescription painkillers increases risk of depression
• Newly identified proteins make promising targets for blocking graft-vs-host disease
• Fast, painless alternative to liver biopsie proves accurate, reliable
• Supreme court's Obamacare decision established new limits on federal authority
• Experimental hepatitis C drug shows promise for preventing recurrence in liver transplant patients
• Hepatitis C treatments not being used for more than half of patients
• Residents weigh global benefits, local risks in views of climate change measures
• Women working in Head Start programs report poor physical, mental health
• Neuroscientists determine how treatment for anxiety disorders silences fear neurons
• Brain researchers discover how retinal neurons claim best connections
• Scientists modify Botox for the treatment of pain
• New knowledge about serious muscle disease
• New stem cells go back further
• Stress eaters may compensate by eating less when times are good
• Europeans do not consume enough vitamins, minerals
• Biotransformation of enniatins from Fusarium fungi in a food safety perspective

Aerobic exercise benefits memory in persons with MS Posted: 01 Nov 2013 09:55 AM PDT A research study provides the first evidence for beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on brain and memory in individuals with multiple sclerosis.

New model for organ repair Posted: 01 Nov 2013 09:55 AM PDT Researchers have a new model for how the kidney repairs itself, a model that adds to a growing body of evidence that mature cells are far more plastic than had previously been imagined.

Treating gum disease by bringing needed immune cells to inflamed tissue Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT The red, swollen and painful gums and bone destruction of periodontal disease could be treated by beckoning the right kind of immune system cells to the inflamed tissues, according to a new animal study. Their findings offer a new therapeutic paradigm for a condition that afflicts 78 million people in the US alone.

Simulation, team training improves performance, patient safety Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT A study conducted by an inter-professional team found that simulation-based operating room team training of medical and nursing students resulted in more effective teamwork by improving attitudes, behaviors, interaction and overall performance leading to potential increased patient safety and better clinical outcomes.

Sugar intake not directly related to liver disease Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT Despite current beliefs, sugar intake is not directly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, according to a new study. Rather, high-calorie diets promote the progression of this serious form of liver disease.

Double-pronged attack could treat common children's cancer Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT A dual-pronged strategy using two experimental cancer drugs together could successfully treat a childhood cancer by inhibiting tumor growth and blocking off the escape routes it uses to become resistant to treatment, finds a new study.

Fracture prevention in cancer-associated bone disease Posted: 01 Nov 2013 07:09 AM PDT A new paper reviews the epidemiology and pathophysiology of cancer-associated bone disease and provides information about fracture prevention in cancer patients. The review summarizes the pertinent recommendations of leading societies, providing guidance for clinical decision making and information on evidence-based pathways to prevent skeletal-related events and bone loss.

Leading cause of heart disease ignored in North America's poorest communities Posted: 31 Oct 2013 02:55 PM PDT A leading cause of heart disease remains overlooked in North America's most impoverished communities, researchers assert. Chagas disease has rendered a heavy health and economic toll, yet insufficient political and medical support for gathering specific data, providing diagnosis and treatment, and developing new tools has impeded much-needed breakthroughs.

Study tracks risk of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) exposure in Brazil's urban areas Posted: 31 Oct 2013 02:55 PM PDT The factors involved in VL transmission are poorly understood, especially in urban and densely populated counties. Researchers in Brazil have conducted studies on urbanization and expansion of VL in Belo Horizonte, capital of Minas Gerais State.

New weapon in fight against superbugs Posted: 31 Oct 2013 02:54 PM PDT Nanoscale images may provide the 'hole' story on pore-making antibiotic peptides.

'Immune fingerprints' may help diagnose bacterial infections, guide treatment Posted: 31 Oct 2013 02:54 PM PDT Bacterial infections in dialysis patients leave an "immune fingerprint" that can be used to improve diagnosis and to guide treatment. Routine monitoring of these complex immune fingerprints could benefit patients with different types of infections.

Pregnant women who snore at higher risk for c-sections, delivering smaller babies Posted: 31 Oct 2013 12:34 PM PDT Snoring during pregnancy may be more than a nuisance -- mothers who snored three or more nights a week had a higher risk of poor delivery outcomes.

Microbleeds important to consider in brain-related treatments Posted: 31 Oct 2013 11:29 AM PDT As growing numbers of America's baby boomers reach retirement, neuroscientists are expanding their efforts to understand and treat one of the leading health issues affecting this population: age-related neurological deterioration, including stroke and dementia.

Scientists develop candidate vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus Posted: 31 Oct 2013 11:27 AM PDT An experimental vaccine to protect against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a leading cause of illness and hospitalization among very young children, elicited high levels of RSV-specific antibodies when tested in animals.

Public health policies, practices may negatively affect marginalized populations Posted: 31 Oct 2013 11:27 AM PDT Despite the best intentions of those working in public health, some policies and practices inadvertently further disadvantage marginalized populations, according to a commentary by a researcher.

Women under 60 with diabetes at much greater risk for heart disease Posted: 31 Oct 2013 11:06 AM PDT Results of a study found that young and middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes are at much greater risk of coronary artery disease than previously believed.

Direct link established between stimulus-response learning, substance abuse Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:53 AM PDT A neuroscientist has found that the region of the brain involved in stimulus-response learning is directly linked to the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and drugs. More specifically, she discovered that people who resorted to stimulus-response learning smoked more, had double the consumption of alcohol and were more likely to use cannabis.

Increasing rate of knee replacements linked to obesity among young Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:52 AM PDT Contrary to popular myth, it is not the aging Baby Boomer or weekend warrior that is causing the unprecedented increase in knee replacement surgeries. Data gathered by more than 125 orthopedic surgeons from 22 states across the US show a more mundane culprit: rising rates of obesity among those under the age of 65.

Scientists discover why newborns get sick so often Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:52 AM PDT If you think cold and flu season is tough, trying being an infant. A new research finding sheds light on why newborns appear to be so prone to getting sick with viruses -- they are born without one of the key proteins needed to protect them.

Researchers model familial amyloidosis in vitro using iPSC technology Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:49 AM PDT Researchers have generated the first known disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cell lines from a patient with familial transthyretin amyloidosis. The findings may lead to new treatments for genetic diseases, such as familial amyloidosis.

Cellular tail length tells human disease tale Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:49 AM PDT A molecular biologist's adventures in pond scum have led her and four student researchers to discover a mutation that can make cilia, the microscopic antennae on our cells, grow too long. When the antennae aren't the right size, the signals captured by them get misinterpreted. The result can be fatal. They have discovered that the regulatory gene CNK2 is present in cilia and controls the length of these hair-like projections.

Study offers new theory of cancer development Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:49 AM PDT Researchers have devised a way to understand patterns of aneuploidy -- an abnormal number of chromosomes -- in tumors and predict which genes in the affected chromosomes are likely to be cancer suppressors or promoters. They propose that aneuploidy is a driver of cancer rather than a result of it.

How protein suicide assure healthy cell structures Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:48 AM PDT Centrioles are tiny structures in the cell that play an important role in cell division and in the assembly of cilia and flagella. Changes in the number of centrioles are involved in diseases, such as cancer or infertility. The manipulation of these structures is being discussed for diagnosis and therapeutics.

Long-term use of prescription painkillers increases risk of depression Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:47 AM PDT The study has discovered a link between chronic use of pain-relieving medication and increase in the risk of developing major depression.

Newly identified proteins make promising targets for blocking graft-vs-host disease Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:47 AM PDT Researchers have identified new proteins that control the function of critical immune cell subsets called T-cells, which are responsible for a serious and often deadly side effect of lifesaving bone marrow transplants.

Fast, painless alternative to liver biopsie proves accurate, reliable Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:47 AM PDT A non-invasive alternative to liver biopsy, now the standard method of diagnosing cirrhosis in hepatitis patients, proved very reliable in a national multi-center study.

Supreme court's Obamacare decision established new limits on federal authority Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:47 AM PDT A new paper sheds new light on the U.S. Supreme Court's rejection of legal challenges to the Affordable Care Act, which many critics said threatens state sovereignty and individual liberties. The paper comes at a time when problems with the act's implementation, particularly the creation of state health care exchanges, highlight the limits of federal capabilities and the importance of state cooperation in the success of domestic government programs.

Experimental hepatitis C drug shows promise for preventing recurrence in liver transplant patients Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:46 AM PDT New drug therapies offer promise to some hepatitis C sufferers whose transplanted livers are threated by a recurrence of the disease, including some patients who have had no treatment options.

Hepatitis C treatments not being used for more than half of patients Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:46 AM PDT More than half of chronic hepatitis C patients studied in a new research project were not treated for the potentially fatal disease, either because they couldn't withstand current therapies or because they, or their doctors, were waiting for new treatments.

Residents weigh global benefits, local risks in views of climate change measures Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:46 AM PDT A survey of Indiana residents tracks public acceptance of potential measures to address climate change in their communities.

Women working in Head Start programs report poor physical, mental health Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:46 AM PDT Women working in Head Start, the nation's largest federally funded early childhood education program, report higher than expected levels of physical and mental health problems.

Neuroscientists determine how treatment for anxiety disorders silences fear neurons Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:46 AM PDT Neuroscientists report that exposure therapy, a common treatment for anxiety disorders, remodels an inhibitory junction in the mouse brain. The findings improve the understanding of how exposure therapy suppresses fear responses and may aid in the development of more effective treatments for anxiety disorders.

Brain researchers discover how retinal neurons claim best connections Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:46 AM PDT Scientists have discovered how retinal neurons claim prime real estate in the brain by controlling the abundance of a protein called aggrecan. The discovery could shed light on how to repair the injured brain.

Scientists modify Botox for the treatment of pain Posted: 31 Oct 2013 07:33 AM PDT Scientists have manufactured a new bio-therapeutic molecule that could be used to treat neurological disorders such as chronic pain and epilepsy.

New knowledge about serious muscle disease Posted: 31 Oct 2013 07:33 AM PDT Recent research sheds light on previously unknown facts about muscular dystrophy at molecular level. The breakthrough is hoped to improve future diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Researchers have developed a method that will make it easier to map the proteins that have an important kind of sugar monomer, mannose, attached. This is an important finding, as mannose deficiency can lead to diseases such as muscular dystrophy.

New stem cells go back further Posted: 31 Oct 2013 07:32 AM PDT A new method of producing naïve induced pluripotent stem cells holds promise for the future of regenerative biomedical research.

Stress eaters may compensate by eating less when times are good Posted: 31 Oct 2013 06:04 AM PDT When faced with stress, some people seem to lose their appetite while others reach for the nearest sweet, salty, or fatty snack. Conventional wisdom tells us that stress eaters are the ones who need to regulate their bad habits, but new research suggests that stress eaters show a dynamic pattern of eating behavior that could have benefits in non-stressful situations.

Europeans do not consume enough vitamins, minerals Posted: 31 Oct 2013 06:03 AM PDT A study has analyzed intake of 17 basic micronutrients in people's diets across eight European countries. The results reveal that, although vitamin D is the most extreme case, European citizens - across all age and sex ranges - do not consume sufficient iron, calcium, zinc, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B6 and folic acid.

Biotransformation of enniatins from Fusarium fungi in a food safety perspective Posted: 31 Oct 2013 06:03 AM PDT Mould species of the genera Fusarium and Altenaria are considered the most important threats to Norwegian grain cereals because they produce toxins that can be a potential risk to food safety. F. avenaceum, the fungi most frequently isolated from Norwegian grain, produces enniatins found in large quantities in Norwegian grain. A new PhD project concludes that incomplete intestinal absorption and enzymatic metabolic breakdown in the liver may reduce the enniatins' bioavailability so that they are less harmful to humans.

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