ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Increased prevalence of GI symptoms among children with autism, study confirms
• Simple tests of physical capability in midlife linked with survival
• Stem cells aid heart regeneration in salamanders
• Breath Analysis Offers Non-invasive Method to Detect Early Lung Cancer
• Consuming high-protein breakfasts helps women maintain glucose control, study finds
• Prematurity linked to altered lung function during exercise, high blood pressure in adults
• Heat regulation dysfunction may stop MS patients from exercising
• Information technology can simplify weight-loss efforts; social support still important for success
• Saving crops, people with inexpensive bug sensors
• Declines in large wildlife lead to increases in disease risk
• Chronic stress heightens vulnerability to diet-related metabolic risk
• Immunogenic mutations in tumor genomes correlate with increased patient survival
• WHO tool underestimates need for osteoporosis treatment, study says
• Vitamin D may raise survival rates among cancer patients
• Brain tumor cells penetrated by tiny, degradable particles carrying genetic instructions
• Medicare patients with dementia 20 percent more likely to be readmitted
• Mother's diet affects the 'silencing' of her child's genes
• Molecular secrets behind resveratrol's health benefits revealed
• Label-free, sequence-specific, inexpensive fluorescent DNA sensors
• Women's employment, caregiving workloads, effort, health profiled by researchers
• Take a trip down Memory Lane to the gym: Using memories to motivate
• Depression detectable in the blood: Platelet serotonin transporter function
• Facial transplantation: Almost a decade out, surgeons prepare for burgeoning demand
• Risk-assessment approach recommended for biomarker-driven cancer clinical trials
• Coral reefs provide potent new anti-HIV proteins
• Microfluidic technology reveals potential biomarker for early pancreatic cancer
• Overlap in genes altered in schizophrenia, autism, intellectual disability
• Low cholesterol in immune cells tied to slow progression of HIV
• Diabetes duration, severity associated with brain atrophy
• 'Tell-tail' MRI image diagnosis for Parkinson's: Healthy state of brain cells may be an accurate test
• Race, risk and behaviors: Type 2 diabetes update
• I don’t deserve to be this happy: Dampening of positive feelings found to predict postpartum depressive symptoms
• New goals set for global health research, training
• Bacteria on the skin: Our invisible companions influence how quickly wounds heal
• Epileptic or non-epileptic seizures? Misdiagnosis common
• Simply being called 'fat' makes young girls more likely to become obese: Trying to be thin is like trying to be tall
• Pancreatic tumor-induced gene may prove beneficial as a drug marker
• Road to fountain of youth paved with fast food ... and sneakers? Exercise may prevent or delay fundamental process of aging
• Ready, set, hot!: Does warm weather play a role in football concussions?
• Naked mole rats and the secret to longevity
• Precise brain mapping can improve response to deep brain stimulation in depression
• Oxytocin promotes social behavior in infant rhesus monkeys
• Fluorescent-based tool reveals how medical nanoparticles biodegrade in real time
• New type of defibrillator for patients at risk for sudden cardiac death
• Antibodies against deadly emerging disease mers discovered
• Potential drug targets for preeclampsia patients identified
• Higher calcium intake may reduce body fat, mitigating genetic risk for diabetes
• Risk of cesarean delivery 12 percent lower with labor induction
• Transplant success tied to naturally high levels of powerful immune molecule package
• Imaging gives clearer picture of cancer drugs' chances of success

Increased prevalence of GI symptoms among children with autism, study confirms Posted: 29 Apr 2014 03:49 PM PDT Children with autism spectrum disorder are more than four times more likely to experience general gastrointestinal (GI) complaints compared with peers, are more than three times as prone to experience constipation and diarrhea than peers, and complain twice as much about abdominal pain compared to peers.

Simple tests of physical capability in midlife linked with survival Posted: 29 Apr 2014 03:48 PM PDT Low levels of physical capability (in particular weak grip strength, slow chair rise speed and poor standing balance performance) in midlife can indicate poorer chances of survival over the next 13 years, while greater time spent in light intensity physical activity each day is linked to a reduced risk of developing disability in adults with or at risk of developing knee osteoarthritis, suggest two papers.

Stem cells aid heart regeneration in salamanders Posted: 29 Apr 2014 03:46 PM PDT Imagine filling a hole in your heart by regrowing the tissue. While that possibility is still being explored in people, it is a reality in salamanders. A recent discovery that newt hearts can regenerate may pave the way to new therapies in people who need to have damaged tissue replaced with healthy tissue. Heart disease is the leading cause of deaths in the United States.

Breath Analysis Offers Non-invasive Method to Detect Early Lung Cancer Posted: 29 Apr 2014 03:46 PM PDT Researchers are using breath analysis to detect the presence of lung cancer. Preliminary data indicate that this promising noninvasive tool offers the sensitivity of PET scanning, and has almost twice the specificity of PET for distinguishing patients with benign lung disease from those with early stage cancer.

Consuming high-protein breakfasts helps women maintain glucose control, study finds Posted: 29 Apr 2014 01:21 PM PDT Previous research has shown that extreme increases in glucose and insulin in the blood can lead to poor glucose control and increase an individual's risk of developing diabetes over time. Now, a researcher has found that when women consumed high-protein breakfasts, they maintained better glucose and insulin control than they did with lower-protein or no-protein meals.

Prematurity linked to altered lung function during exercise, high blood pressure in adults Posted: 29 Apr 2014 01:16 PM PDT Some preterm babies have lungs that develop abnormally. While long-term health effects of prematurity are still unclear, researchers have found that adults who were born early may have problems handling the pulmonary demands of exercise. "Healthy young humans have lungs designed to easily handle the increased blood flow from the heart during exercise. However, adults born extremely to very preterm have abnormally developed lungs, which may result in lungs that are unable to handle the demands of exercise," they conclude.

Heat regulation dysfunction may stop MS patients from exercising Posted: 29 Apr 2014 01:16 PM PDT Exercise-induced body temperature increases can make symptoms worse for some patients with multiple sclerosis. Researchers have explored the underlying causes of the temperature regulation problems so MS patients can better reap the benefits of exercise. In the study, researchers found that sweating took longer to start and sweat rate was lower during exercise-induced body temperature increases in MS patients compared to healthy control subjects.

Information technology can simplify weight-loss efforts; social support still important for success Posted: 29 Apr 2014 12:37 PM PDT According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 69 percent of adults in the United States are currently overweight or obese, which puts these individuals at increased risk for chronic health problems. Although weight loss decreases this risk, statistics show that dieters often fail multiple times before meeting their goals. Now, researchers have found that information technology, such as smartphone applications, can help dieters integrate healthy behavior changes into their daily lives.

Saving crops, people with inexpensive bug sensors Posted: 29 Apr 2014 12:37 PM PDT A method that can classify different species of insects with up to 99 percent accuracy has been created by researchers, a development that could help farmers protect their crops from insect damage and limit the spread of insect-borne diseases, such as malaria and Dengue fever. For hundreds of years humans have attempted to kill unwanted insects. While some blanket methods have been successful, they can be costly and create environmental problems. The sensor developed by these researchers aims to change that by counting and classifying the insects so that the substance used to eradicate the harmful insects can be applied on a precision targeted level.

Declines in large wildlife lead to increases in disease risk Posted: 29 Apr 2014 11:22 AM PDT In the Middle Ages, fleas carried by rats were responsible for spreading the Black Plague. Today in East Africa, they remain important vectors of plague and many other diseases, including Bartonellosis, a potentially dangerous human pathogen. The researchers concluded that the "spike in disease risk results from explosions in the number of rodents that benefit from the removal of the larger animals."

Chronic stress heightens vulnerability to diet-related metabolic risk Posted: 29 Apr 2014 11:21 AM PDT Highly stressed people who eat a lot of high-fat, high-sugar food are more prone to health risks than low-stress people who eat the same amount of unhealthy food, new research finds for the first time. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of abnormalities -- increased blood pressure, a high blood sugar level, excess body fat around the waist and abnormal cholesterol levels -- that occur together, increasing a person's risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes.

Immunogenic mutations in tumor genomes correlate with increased patient survival Posted: 29 Apr 2014 10:38 AM PDT Developing immunotherapies for cancer is challenging because of significant variability among tumors and diversity in human immune types. In a new study, researchers examined the largest collection of tumor samples to date to predict patient-specific tumor mutations that may activate the patient's immune system, paving the way for more successful, personalized cancer immunotherapy.

WHO tool underestimates need for osteoporosis treatment, study says Posted: 29 Apr 2014 10:34 AM PDT The World Health Organization's tool for assessing bone fracture risk underestimates the true dangers for people who are younger than 65 or have been treated for a single broken bone, according to a new study. The tool is designed to help physicians identify osteoporosis cases that cannot be readily diagnosed through bone mineral density testing. More than half of fragility fractures occur in people who do not meet the bone mineral density standards to be diagnosed with osteoporosis.

Vitamin D may raise survival rates among cancer patients Posted: 29 Apr 2014 10:34 AM PDT Cancer patients who have higher levels of vitamin D when they are diagnosed tend to have better survival rates and remain in remission longer than patients who are vitamin D-deficient, according to a new study. The body naturally produces vitamin D after exposure to sunlight and absorbs it from certain foods. In addition to helping the body absorb the calcium and phosphorus needed for healthy bones, vitamin D affects a variety of biological processes by binding to a protein called a vitamin D receptor. This receptor is present in nearly every cell in the body.

Brain tumor cells penetrated by tiny, degradable particles carrying genetic instructions Posted: 29 Apr 2014 09:58 AM PDT Tiny, biodegradable 'nanoparticles' able to carry DNA to brain cancer cells in mice have been developed by engineers and neurosurgeons working together. The team says the results of their proof of principle experiment suggest that such particles loaded with 'death genes' might one day be given to brain cancer patients during neurosurgery to selectively kill off any remaining tumor cells without damaging normal brain tissue.

Medicare patients with dementia 20 percent more likely to be readmitted Posted: 29 Apr 2014 09:58 AM PDT A review of more than 25,000 admissions of Medicare beneficiaries to Rhode Island hospitals has found that patients with a documented diagnosis of dementia are nearly 20 percent more likely to be readmitted within 30 days than those without dementia. "Because dementia often goes undiagnosed, or is not documented in a patient's medical record, we believe that the current findings may underestimate readmission rates and risks in this population," the lead author noted.

Mother's diet affects the 'silencing' of her child's genes Posted: 29 Apr 2014 09:57 AM PDT A unique 'experiment of nature' that took place in The Gambia has now revealed that a mother's diet before she conceives has a permanent effect on her offspring's genetics. This is the first time the effect has been seen in humans, and is regarded as a major contribution to the field of 'epigenetics.'

Molecular secrets behind resveratrol's health benefits revealed Posted: 29 Apr 2014 09:55 AM PDT Resveratrol has been much in the news as the component of grapes and red wine associated with reducing "bad cholesterol," heart disease and some types of cancer. Also found in blueberries, cranberries, mulberries, peanuts and pistachios, resveratrol is associated with beneficial health effects in aging, inflammation and metabolism.

Label-free, sequence-specific, inexpensive fluorescent DNA sensors Posted: 29 Apr 2014 09:55 AM PDT Using principles of energy transfer more commonly applied to designing solar cells, scientists have developed a new highly sensitive way to detect specific sequences of DNA, the genetic material unique to every living thing. The method is considerably less costly than other DNA assays and has widespread potential for applications in forensics, medical diagnostics, and the detection of bioterror agents.

Women's employment, caregiving workloads, effort, health profiled by researchers Posted: 29 Apr 2014 07:51 AM PDT A profile of women with the dual responsibilities of full-time paid work and unpaid care for an elderly family member has been developed by researchers. The study is similar to how industry measures the impact of workload (including the time and difficulty of the tasks) and effort (the perceived energy it takes to do the work), researchers said. The results richly described the experiences of 46 women caregivers who work full-time and participated in the researchers' larger mixed-methods study in 2012.

Take a trip down Memory Lane to the gym: Using memories to motivate Posted: 29 Apr 2014 07:50 AM PDT We all know that thinking about exercise isn't the same as doing it. But researchers have confirmed what may be the next best thing: just thinking about a past exercise experience can motivate us to actually do it.

Depression detectable in the blood: Platelet serotonin transporter function Posted: 29 Apr 2014 07:50 AM PDT The possibility of using a blood test to detect depression has been demonstrated by researchers. While blood tests for mental illnesses have until recently been regarded as impossible, a recent study clearly indicates that, in principle, depression can in fact be diagnosed in this way and this could become reality in the not too distant future.

Facial transplantation: Almost a decade out, surgeons prepare for burgeoning demand Posted: 29 Apr 2014 07:49 AM PDT Plastic and reconstructive surgeons leading the first retrospective study of all known facial transplants worldwide conclude that the procedure is relatively safe, increasingly feasible, and a clear life-changer that can and should be offered to far more carefully selected patients. The review team noted that the transplants still pose lifelong risks and complications from infection and sometimes toxic immunosuppressive drugs, but also are highly effective at restoring people to fully functioning lives after physically disfiguring and socially debilitating facial injuries.

Risk-assessment approach recommended for biomarker-driven cancer clinical trials Posted: 29 Apr 2014 06:26 AM PDT A practical, risk-management approach has been outlined by experts for effective integration of biomarkers into cancer clinical trials. This work provides the international community with a set of common principles by which biomarkers can be integrated into clinical trials, exchange of data can be facilitated, quality promoted, and research accelerated while simultaneously respecting local approaches and legislation.

Coral reefs provide potent new anti-HIV proteins Posted: 29 Apr 2014 06:26 AM PDT A new class of proteins capable of blocking the HIV virus from penetrating T-cells has been discovered. The proteins, found in a coral from Australia's northern coast, could be well-suited for use in gels or sexual lubricants to provide a potent barrier against HIV infection, potentially filling a pressing need for a female-applied anti-HIV microbicide that doesn't rely on a man's willingness to use a condom.

Microfluidic technology reveals potential biomarker for early pancreatic cancer Posted: 29 Apr 2014 06:25 AM PDT The detection of pancreas cells in the blood may be an early sign of cancer, new research demonstrates. The findings suggest that circulating pancreas cells (CPCs) seed the bloodstream before tumors can be detected using current clinical tests such as CT and MRI scans, and that the detection of pancreas cells in the blood may be an early sign of cancer.

Overlap in genes altered in schizophrenia, autism, intellectual disability Posted: 29 Apr 2014 05:56 AM PDT New evidence supporting the theory that in at least some cases of schizophrenia, autism and intellectual disability, malfunctions in some of the same genes are contributing to pathology has been released. Schizophrenia is thought to be caused in many instances by gene mutations passed from parents to children, the effects of which may be enhanced by adverse environmental factors. In contrast, de novo mutations, or DNMs, are gene defects in offspring that neither parent possesses. Researchers used these differences as their focus in the new study.

Low cholesterol in immune cells tied to slow progression of HIV Posted: 29 Apr 2014 05:55 AM PDT People infected with HIV whose immune cells have low cholesterol levels experience much slower disease progression, even without medication, according research that could lead to new strategies to control infection. The researchers found that low cholesterol in certain cells, which is likely an inherited trait, affects the ability of the body to transmit the virus to other cells.

Diabetes duration, severity associated with brain atrophy Posted: 29 Apr 2014 05:55 AM PDT Type 2 diabetes may be associated with brain degeneration, according to a new multi-center study. The study also found that, contrary to common clinical belief, diabetes may not be directly associated with small vessel ischemic disease, where the brain does not receive enough oxygenated blood.

'Tell-tail' MRI image diagnosis for Parkinson's: Healthy state of brain cells may be an accurate test Posted: 29 Apr 2014 05:53 AM PDT An image similar in shape to a Swallow's tail has been identified as a new and accurate test for Parkinson's disease. The image, which depicts the healthy state of a group of cells in the sub-region of the human brain, was singled out using 3T MRI scanning technology – standard equipment in clinical settings today.

Race, risk and behaviors: Type 2 diabetes update Posted: 29 Apr 2014 05:53 AM PDT The behavioral issues associated with patients' self-management of type 2 diabetes is the special focus of a recent journal release. "Diabetes, perhaps more so than any other chronic disease, requires people to significantly modify their behaviors -— sometimes in ways that are contrary to their cultural norms and backgrounds -— even when they don't 'feel' sick or experience symptoms of the disease," said one expert. Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder affecting about 24 million people in the United States.

I don’t deserve to be this happy: Dampening of positive feelings found to predict postpartum depressive symptoms Posted: 29 Apr 2014 05:52 AM PDT For the first time, research shows that the dampening or suppression of positive emotions plays an important role in the development of postpartum depression. This has implications for the treatment of depressed mothers. The researchers are currently working to develop a treatment method focused specifically on counteracting dampening. Existing methods, such as mindfulness, may also have a positive effect on dampening they say.

New goals set for global health research, training Posted: 29 Apr 2014 05:51 AM PDT Global health research and training efforts should focus on combating the growing epidemic of noncommunicable diseases, better incorporating information technology into research and training, and more effectively converting scientific discoveries into practice in low-resource settings, according a new strategic plan for a global health research group.

Bacteria on the skin: Our invisible companions influence how quickly wounds heal Posted: 28 Apr 2014 06:02 PM PDT A new study suggests microbes living on our skin influence how quickly wounds heal. The findings could lead to new treatments for chronic wounds, which affect 1 in 20 elderly people. We spend our lives covered head-to-toe in a thin veneer of bacteria. But despite a growing appreciation for the valuable roles our resident microbes play in the digestive tract, little is known about the bacteria that reside in and on our skin.

Epileptic or non-epileptic seizures? Misdiagnosis common Posted: 28 Apr 2014 02:15 PM PDT A research team set out to estimate the probability of epilepsy versus non-epileptic seizures based on the historical factors reported by the patient to their neurologist. Distinguishing between epileptic and non-epileptic seizures is a challenge, according to experts. On average, the time from the first seizure to the diagnosis of non-epileptic seizures is seven years. In the meantime, a majority of those patients are misdiagnosed with epilepsy and treated inappropriately with anti-epileptic medications.

Simply being called 'fat' makes young girls more likely to become obese: Trying to be thin is like trying to be tall Posted: 28 Apr 2014 01:41 PM PDT Girls who are told by a parent, sibling, friend, classmate or teacher that they are too fat at age 10 are more likely to be obese at age 19, a new study by psychologists shows.

Pancreatic tumor-induced gene may prove beneficial as a drug marker Posted: 28 Apr 2014 01:36 PM PDT A new mouse model helps scientists better understand the progression of pancreatic cancer and may provide new avenues for the development of therapies, researchers report. Cancer of the pancreas, with a 5% survival rate within five years of diagnosis, is the fourth leading cause of cancer related deaths. The main reason behind such high morbidity is poor early detection capabilities as well as inability of currently employed drugs to alleviate cancer progression.

Road to fountain of youth paved with fast food ... and sneakers? Exercise may prevent or delay fundamental process of aging Posted: 28 Apr 2014 01:36 PM PDT Unhealthy lifestyle habits can accelerate the process of senescence (cell death) and the release of damaging substances from dying cells. Researchers for the first time demonstrate that exercise can prevent or delay this fundamental process of aging, and that lifestyle choices do play a major role in cell aging and that exercise may help protect against aging by interfering with cell senescence.

Ready, set, hot!: Does warm weather play a role in football concussions? Posted: 28 Apr 2014 01:36 PM PDT Heat and dehydration can cause a "perfect storm" of risk factors for concussion among competitive football players. Researchers looked at the effects of extreme temperature on concussion rates during NCAA football games. A loss of just two percent of the body's water volume to dehydration -- a feat easily achieved during prolonged exercise in hot weather -- can lead to a significant reduction in the amount of cerebrospinal (CSF) fluid that a person has.

Naked mole rats and the secret to longevity Posted: 28 Apr 2014 01:36 PM PDT With lifespans of up to 31 years, naked mole rats live decades longer than would be expected based on their size. By comparison, mice live at most four years. A new study links their remarkable lifespans to high levels of a quality-control protein, offering new insights on age-related diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

Precise brain mapping can improve response to deep brain stimulation in depression Posted: 28 Apr 2014 12:58 PM PDT Precisely defining white matter connections in the brain can help physicians choose optimal target sites for stimulation and significantly improve outcomes in deep brain stimulation for depression, a new study shows. Previous experimental studies have shown that deep brain stimulation (DBS) within the subcallosal cingulate (SCC) white matter of the brain is an effective treatment for many patients with treatment-resistant depression.

Oxytocin promotes social behavior in infant rhesus monkeys Posted: 28 Apr 2014 12:58 PM PDT The hormone oxytocin appears to increase social behaviors in newborn rhesus monkeys, according to a study. The findings indicate that oxytocin is a promising candidate for new treatments for developmental disorders affecting social skills and bonding. Oxytocin, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, is involved in labor and birth and in the production of breast milk. Studies have shown that oxytocin also plays a role in parental bonding, mating, and in social dynamics.

Fluorescent-based tool reveals how medical nanoparticles biodegrade in real time Posted: 28 Apr 2014 12:48 PM PDT A unique, noninvasive method measures the disassembly of biodegradable nanoparticles that can be used to deliver medicines to patients. The technique is a necessary stop in translating nanoparticles into clinical use. "Nanoparticles could be formulated with contrast agents for diagnostic imaging, or could deliver anticancer drugs to a tumor," one researcher said. "Our measuring tool can help researchers to develop and optimize their nanomedicine formulations for a range of medical uses."

New type of defibrillator for patients at risk for sudden cardiac death Posted: 28 Apr 2014 12:48 PM PDT A new device called a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD) prevents sudden cardiac death with an electric shock. A conductor wire is implanted just under the skin, rather than going into the heart. In carefully selected patients, a S-ICD can reduce the risk of bleeding, blood clots and bloodstream infections, compared with a defibrillator with leads that go into the heart. In carefully selected patients, a S-ICD can reduce the risk of bleeding, blood clots and bloodstream infections, compared with a defibrillator with leads that go into the heart,

Antibodies against deadly emerging disease mers discovered Posted: 28 Apr 2014 12:48 PM PDT Antibodies against the deadly Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) have been discovered that could lead to prevention/treatment for the virus with a 40% mortality rate. Currently there is no vaccine or antiviral treatment for MERS, a severe respiratory disease that was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012.

Potential drug targets for preeclampsia patients identified Posted: 28 Apr 2014 12:48 PM PDT Preeclampsia patients have an overabundance of molecules that send detrimental signals, researchers have found. They also documented poor health outcomes in babies born to moms with the syndrome. "Preeclampsia is a multifaceted complication found uniquely in the pregnant patient and one that has puzzled scientists for years," says the leader of the study. It affects about 5 percent of expectant moms, usually in the second half of pregnancy.

Higher calcium intake may reduce body fat, mitigating genetic risk for diabetes Posted: 28 Apr 2014 12:48 PM PDT Many African-American children do not get the recommended amount of calcium in their diet. A new study shows African American children with a genetic predisposition to diabetes may mitigate their risk by getting more calcium. An estimated 25 million people in the United States have diabetes, or about 1 in 12 people. African Americans are at especially high risk, and the trajectory for the disease is often set in childhood.

Risk of cesarean delivery 12 percent lower with labor induction Posted: 28 Apr 2014 10:40 AM PDT The risk of a cesarean delivery was 12 percent lower in women whose labor was induced compared with women who were managed with a 'wait-and-see' approach (expectant management), according to a research paper. Labor is induced in about 20% of all births for a variety of reasons such as preeclampsia, diabetes, preterm rupture of the membranes, overdue pregnancy and fetal distress. Induction is often thought to be associated with increased risk of cesarean deliveries despite evidence indicating a lower risk.

Transplant success tied to naturally high levels of powerful immune molecule package Posted: 28 Apr 2014 09:13 AM PDT Patients with highest levels of the most powerful version of the immune molecule HLA-G appear to have the lowest risk of rejecting their transplanted kidney, researchers report. Physicians already examine HLA, or human leukocyte antigen, when identifying the best organ donor. When a patient and donor have the same or similar antigens, which are markers for what the body identifies as self and foreign, it increases the chance of a successful transplant.

Imaging gives clearer picture of cancer drugs' chances of success Posted: 28 Apr 2014 09:12 AM PDT The quest for new cancer treatments could be revolutionized by advances in technology that can visualize living cells and tissues, scientists claim. Leading edge imaging techniques will make it easier to identify which are the most promising new drugs to take forward for patient testing, a review of the technology suggests.

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