ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Lab-developed intestinal organoids form mature human tissue in mice
• Major breakthrough could help detoxify pollutants
• Tear duct implant effective at reducing pain, inflammation in cataract surgery patients
• Many older people have mutations linked to leukemia, lymphoma in their blood cells
• 'Mega' cells control growth of blood-producing cells
• Research reveals likelihood, onset of multiple sclerosis diagnosis among patients with inflammatory eye disease
• Gene duplications associated with autism evolved recently in human history
• Women more likely to develop anxiety and depression after heart attack
• Mutation associated with cleft palate in humans, dogs identified
• Children's genes affect their mothers' risk of rheumatoid arthritis
• I have anxiety, why is my doctor prescribing an antipsychotic? New drug naming system unveiled
• Asbestos likely more widespread than previously thought
• Vitamin D deficiency increases poor brain function after cardiac arrest by sevenfold
• Study examines type of exome sequencing, molecular diagnostic yield
• Whole exome sequencing closer to becoming 'new family history'
• Smartphone approach for examining progression of diabetic eye disease offers comparable results to traditional method
• iPhones for eye health: Capturing ocular images in difficult-to-photograph patients
• Could reading glasses soon be a thing of the past?
• Smoking during pregnancy alters newborn stress hormones, DNA, study finds
• Inconsistent achievement of guidelines for acute asthma care found in hospital EDs
• Children who have had enterovirus infection are around 50 percent more likely to have type 1 diabetes
• Image Guided Radiation Therapy Is Commonly Used to Ensure Accuracy in Treating Pediatric Tumors
• Good diet before diagnosis is linked with lower mortality among ovarian cancer survivors

Lab-developed intestinal organoids form mature human tissue in mice Posted: 19 Oct 2014 12:18 PM PDT Researchers have successfully transplanted 'organoids' of functioning human intestinal tissue grown from pluripotent stem cells in a lab dish into mice -- creating an unprecedented model for studying diseases of the intestine. Scientists said that, through additional translational research, the findings could eventually lead to bioengineering personalized human intestinal tissue to treat gastrointestinal diseases.

Major breakthrough could help detoxify pollutants Posted: 19 Oct 2014 12:15 PM PDT A major breakthrough could lead to more effective methods for detoxifying dangerous pollutants like PCBs and dioxins, scientists say. The result is a culmination of 15 years of research. It details how certain organisms manage to lower the toxicity of pollutants.

Tear duct implant effective at reducing pain, inflammation in cataract surgery patients Posted: 19 Oct 2014 12:15 PM PDT The first tear duct implant developed to treat inflammation and pain following cataract surgery has been shown to be a reliable alternative to medicated eye drops, which are the current standard of care, according to a study. The device, known as a punctum plug, automatically delivers the correct amount of postoperative medication in patients, potentially solving the issue of poor compliance with self-administering eye drops.

Many older people have mutations linked to leukemia, lymphoma in their blood cells Posted: 19 Oct 2014 12:15 PM PDT At least 2 percent of people over age 40 and 5 percent of people over 70 have mutations linked to leukemia and lymphoma in their blood cells, according to new research. Mutations in the body's cells randomly accumulate as part of the aging process, and most are harmless. For some people, genetic changes in blood cells can develop in genes that play roles in initiating leukemia and lymphoma even though such people don't have the blood cancers, scientists report.

'Mega' cells control growth of blood-producing cells Posted: 19 Oct 2014 12:15 PM PDT While megakaryocytes are best known for producing platelets that heal wounds, these "mega" cells found in bone marrow also play a critical role in regulating stem cells according to new research. In fact, hematopoietic stem cells differentiate to generate megakaryocytes in bone marrow. The study is the first to show that hematopoietic stem cells (the parent cells) can be directly controlled by their own progeny (megakaryocytes).

Research reveals likelihood, onset of multiple sclerosis diagnosis among patients with inflammatory eye disease Posted: 19 Oct 2014 12:15 PM PDT The results of the largest retrospective study of multiple sclerosis (MS) in uveitis patients has revealed that nearly 60 percent of patients with both diseases were diagnosed with each within a five-year span. While it has long been known that there is an association between the eye condition and MS, this is the first study to provide a detailed description of the relative onset of uveitis and MS and to calculate the likelihood of an MS diagnosis among uveitis patients.

Gene duplications associated with autism evolved recently in human history Posted: 19 Oct 2014 06:46 AM PDT Human geneticists have discovered that a region of the genome associated with autism contains genetic variation that evolved in the last 250,000 years, after the divergence of humans from ancient hominids, and likely plays an important role in disease.

Women more likely to develop anxiety and depression after heart attack Posted: 19 Oct 2014 06:46 AM PDT Patients with depression are nearly 6 times more likely to die within 6 months after a heart attack than those without depression. The increased risk of death in patients with depression persists up to 18 months after the heart attack. But despite the fact that post-heart-attack depression is common and burdensome, the condition remains under-recognized and under-treated, scientists say.

Mutation associated with cleft palate in humans, dogs identified Posted: 19 Oct 2014 06:46 AM PDT Scientists studying birth defects in humans and purebred dogs have identified an association between cleft lip and cleft palate -- conditions that occur when the lip and mouth fail to form properly during pregnancy -- and a mutation in the ADAMTS20 gene.

Children's genes affect their mothers' risk of rheumatoid arthritis Posted: 19 Oct 2014 06:46 AM PDT A child's genetic makeup may contribute to his or her mother's risk of rheumatoid arthritis, possibly explaining why women are at higher risk of developing the disease than men, experts say.

I have anxiety, why is my doctor prescribing an antipsychotic? New drug naming system unveiled Posted: 19 Oct 2014 06:45 AM PDT What's in a name? Doctors have found that the name of the drug you are prescribed significantly influences how the patient sees the treatment. Now in a significant shift, the world's major psychiatry organizations are proposing to completely change the terminology of the drugs used in mental disorders shifting it from symptom based (e.g. antidepressant, antipsychotic etc.) to pharmacologically based (e.g. focusing on pharmacological target (serotonin, dopamine etc.) and the relevant mode of action). This will mean that patient will no longer have the confusion of being prescribed a drug for what appears to be an unrelated condition, but also means that drug names will be more understandable to doctors.

Asbestos likely more widespread than previously thought Posted: 19 Oct 2014 06:45 AM PDT Naturally occurring asbestos minerals may be more widespread than previously thought, with newly discovered sources now identified within the Las Vegas metropolitan area. The asbestos-rich areas are in locations not previously considered to be at risk, according to a new report. "These minerals were found where one wouldn't expect or think to look," said a co-researcher of the study. The naturally occurring asbestos was found in Boulder City, Nevada, in the path of a construction zone to build a multi-million dollar highway.

Vitamin D deficiency increases poor brain function after cardiac arrest by sevenfold Posted: 18 Oct 2014 09:28 AM PDT Patients with vitamin D deficiency were more likely to have a poor neurological outcome or die after sudden cardiac arrest than those who were not deficient. Nearly one-third of the patients who were deficient in vitamin D had died 6 months after their cardiac arrest, whereas all patients with sufficient vitamin D levels were still alive.

Study examines type of exome sequencing, molecular diagnostic yield Posted: 18 Oct 2014 09:28 AM PDT In a sample of patients with undiagnosed, suspected genetic conditions, a certain type of exome sequencing method was associated with a higher molecular diagnostic yield than traditional molecular diagnostic methods, according to a study.

Whole exome sequencing closer to becoming 'new family history' Posted: 18 Oct 2014 09:28 AM PDT Approximately one-fourth of the 3,386 patients whose DNA was submitted for clinical whole exome testing received a diagnosis related to a known genetic disease, often ending a long search for answers for them and their parents, report researchers. A large percentage of these diagnoses made were patients who inherited a new mutation (in the egg or sperm) that was not previously seen in their parents, they add.

Smartphone approach for examining progression of diabetic eye disease offers comparable results to traditional method Posted: 18 Oct 2014 09:26 AM PDT A smartphone-based tool may be an effective alternative to traditional ophthalmic imaging equipment in evaluating and grading severity of a diabetic eye disease, according to a study. The results of the research indicate the lower-cost method could be useful for bringing the service to patients in isolated or underserved communities.

iPhones for eye health: Capturing ocular images in difficult-to-photograph patients Posted: 18 Oct 2014 09:26 AM PDT Smartphone technology is a widely available resource which may also be a portable and effective tool for imaging the inside of the eye, according to results of a study. Researchers are successfully using an iPhone® application as an inexpensive, portable and effective tool for imaging the inside of the eye, including in patients who are challenging to photograph by traditional methods.

Could reading glasses soon be a thing of the past? Posted: 18 Oct 2014 09:26 AM PDT A thin ring inserted into the eye could soon offer a reading glasses-free remedy for presbyopia, the blurriness in near vision experienced by many people over the age of 40, according to a study. A corneal inlay device currently undergoing clinical review in the United States improved near vision well enough for 80 percent of the participating patients to read a newspaper without disturbing far distance vision needed for daily activities like driving.

Smoking during pregnancy alters newborn stress hormones, DNA, study finds Posted: 17 Oct 2014 03:37 PM PDT The effects of smoking during pregnancy, and its impact on the stress response in newborn babies, has been the focus of recent study. The research indicates that newborns of mothers who smoke cigarettes during pregnancy show lower levels of stress hormones, lowered stress response, and alterations in DNA for a gene that regulates passage of stress hormones from mother to fetus.

Inconsistent achievement of guidelines for acute asthma care found in hospital EDs Posted: 17 Oct 2014 03:37 PM PDT A study comparing the care delivered to patients coming to hospital emergency departments for acute asthma attacks in recent years with data gathered more than 15 years earlier finds inconsistencies in how well hospitals are meeting nationally established treatment guidelines. While the achievement of most guidelines defining appropriate pharmacologic treatments for particular patients improved over the study period, hospitals did less well in meeting several other guidelines.

Children who have had enterovirus infection are around 50 percent more likely to have type 1 diabetes Posted: 17 Oct 2014 03:37 PM PDT Children who have been infected with enterovirus are 48 percent more likely to have developed type 1 diabetes, a study shows. "Type 1 diabetes is considered to be caused by complex interaction between genetic susceptibility, the immune system, and environmental factors," say the authors. "Though the cue for genetic predisposition has been elucidated, evidence also points to involvement of enterovirus (EV) infection, including viruses such as poliovirus, Coxsackievirus A, Coxsackievirus B, and echovirus."

Image Guided Radiation Therapy Is Commonly Used to Ensure Accuracy in Treating Pediatric Tumors Posted: 17 Oct 2014 03:35 PM PDT Image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) is a commonly used modality to ensure treatment accuracy in the management of pediatric tumors; however, consensus recommendations are needed in order to guide clinical decisions on the use of IGRT in treating pediatric patients, according to a study.

Good diet before diagnosis is linked with lower mortality among ovarian cancer survivors Posted: 16 Oct 2014 02:06 PM PDT Prediagnosis diet quality was associated with mortality and may have a protective effect after ovarian cancer, according to a new study. The authors conclude that "self-reported dietary quality at least 12 months prior to diagnosis was associated with a statistically significant 27% lower risk of death after ovarian cancer."

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