السبت، 31 يناير 2015

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

Latent HIV may lurk in 'quiet' immune cells, research suggests

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 11:23 AM PST

HIV can lie dormant in infected cells for years, even decades. Scientists think unlocking the secrets of this viral reservoir may make it possible to cure, not just treat, HIV. Researchers have gained new insight on which immune cells likely do, and do not, harbor this latent virus.

Stress shared by same-sex couples can have unique health impacts

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 10:28 AM PST

Minority stress -- which results from being stigmatized and disadvantaged in society -- affects same-sex couples' stress levels and overall health, research indicates. Authors of a new study state that the health effects of minority stress shared by a couple can be understood as distinct from individual stress, a new framework in the field.

Research uncovers connection between Craigslist personals, HIV trends

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 10:28 AM PST

Craigslist's entry into a market results in a 15.9 percent increase in reported HIV cases, according to research. When mapped at the national level, more than 6,000 HIV cases annually and treatment costs estimated between $62 million and $65.3 million can be linked to the popular website, the authors state.

Study links deficiency of cellular housekeeping gene with aggressive forms of breast cancer

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 10:28 AM PST

A strong link between the most aggressive type of breast cancer and a gene that regulates the body's natural cellular recycling process, called autophagy, has been uncovered by researchers.

DNA nanoswitches reveal how life's molecules connect

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 09:18 AM PST

'Bio-molecular interaction analysis, a cornerstone of biomedical research, is traditionally accomplished using equipment that can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars,' said the senior author of a new study. 'Rather than develop a new instrument, we've created a nanoscale tool made from strands of DNA that can detect and report how molecules behave, enabling biological measurements to be made by almost anyone, using only common and inexpensive laboratory reagents.'

Ethicists question impact of hospital advertising

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 09:18 AM PST

Ethicists question the impact of health information that is available online, specifically hospital advertisements, and argue that while the Internet offers patients valuable data and tools -- including hospital quality ratings and professional treatment guidelines - that may help them when facing decisions about where to seek care or whether to undergo a medical procedure, reliable and unbiased information may be hard to identify among the growing number of medical care advertisements online.

'Vast Majority' of Neurosurgeons Practice Defensive Medicine

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 09:16 AM PST

More than three-fourths of US neurosurgeons practice some form of defensive medicine--performing additional tests and procedures out of fear of malpractice lawsuits, new research reports.

Fluorescent dyes 'light up' brain cancer cells

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 09:16 AM PST

Two new fluorescent dyes attracted to cancer cells may help neurosurgeons more accurately localize and completely resect brain tumors, suggests a new study. Removing all visible areas of cancer (gross total resection) significantly improves survival after brain cancer surgery.

Older adults: Double your protein to build more muscle

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 09:16 AM PST

Older adults may need to double up on the recommended daily allowance of protein to efficiently maintain and build muscle. Current US recommendations for daily dietary protein intake are 0.8 grams/kilogram of body weight (roughly 62 g of protein per day for a 170-pound person).

Mobile and interactive media use by young children: The good, the bad and the unknown

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 07:26 AM PST

Mobile devices are everywhere and children are using them more frequently at young ages. The impact these mobile devices are having on the development and behavior of children is still relatively unknown. Researchers review the many types of interactive media available today and raise important questions regarding their use as educational tools, as well as their potential detrimental role in stunting the development of important tools for self-regulation.

New software analyzes human genomes faster than other available technologies

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 07:26 AM PST

Investigators have developed an analysis 'pipeline' that slashes the time it takes to search a person's genome for disease-causing variations from weeks to hours.

Key discovery to preventing blindness, stroke devastation

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 07:26 AM PST

Gene interactions that determine whether cells live or die in such conditions as age-related macular degeneration and ischemic stroke have been discovered by researchers. These common molecular mechanisms in vision and brain integrity can prevent blindness and also promote recovery from a stroke.

Biomaterial coating raises prospect of more successful medical implants

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 07:25 AM PST

A novel, bacteria-repelling coating material that could increase the success of medical implants has been created. The material helps healthy cells 'win the race' to the medical implant, beating off competition from bacterial cells and thus reducing the likelihood of the implant being rejected by the body.

Can Lean Management improve hospitals?

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 06:29 AM PST

Waiting times in hospital emergency departments could be cut with the introduction of Lean Management and Six Sigma techniques according to research.

Altered dopamine signaling a clue to autism

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 06:29 AM PST

Newly discovered genetic variations linked to autism spectrum disorder disrupt the function of the dopamine transporter, suggesting that altered dopamine signaling contributes to this common developmental condition, according to researchers.

Scientists home in on reasons behind cancer drug trial disappointment

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 06:29 AM PST

Scientists have discovered a 'hidden' mechanism which could explain why some cancer therapies which aim to block tumor blood vessel growth are failing cancer trials. The same mechanism could play the role in the bacterial or viral septic shock -- e.g. in Ebola fever -- by destabilizing the blood vessels.

Shared symptoms of Chikungunya virus, rheumatoid arthritis may cloud diagnosis

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 06:27 AM PST

A mosquito-borne virus that has spread to the Caribbean and Central and South America and has caused isolated infections in Florida often causes joint pain and swelling similar to that seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Skip the dip! Super Bowl team cities see spike in flu deaths

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 06:27 AM PST

Having a team in the Super Bowl correlated to an average 18 percent increase in flu deaths among those over 65 years old, according to a study of health data covering 35 years of championship games.

Treating Cerebral Malaria: New Molecular Target Identified

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 05:21 AM PST

A drug already approved for treating other diseases may be useful as a treatment for cerebral malaria, according to researchers who discovered a novel link between food intake during the early stages of infection and the outcome of the disease, identifying two molecular pathways that could serve as new targets for treatment.

Tweeting about sexism could improve a woman's wellbeing

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 05:18 AM PST

Publically tweeting about sexism could improve a woman's wellbeing as it has the potential to let them to express themselves in ways that feel like they can make a difference, a new report suggests.

Totality of trials data confirm Tamiflu reduces length of symptoms, complications, and hospital admissions from influenza

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 05:18 AM PST

The most thorough analysis of oseltamivir (marketed as Tamiflu) data to date, including all available published and unpublished randomised treatment trials of adults, suggests that the antiviral drug shortens the duration of flu symptoms by about a day, compared to placebo, in adults with laboratory-confirmed influenza.

New technologies to help patients with Parkinson's disease

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 05:15 AM PST

New wearable sensor networks and mobile phone applications are being tested for their potential to monitor and manage patients with Parkinson's disease. The research aim is the usage of low-cost wearable sensors that can continuously collect and process the accelerometry signals to automatically detect and quantify the symptoms of the patient. Once we this is done, the information is sent to hospital to generate a daily report that will alert the doctor in case of any outlier.

Hot on the trail of hepatitis-liver cancer connection

Posted: 30 Jan 2015 05:15 AM PST

Using whole genomic sequencing, scientists have for the first time demonstrated the profound effect that chronic hepatitis infection and inflammation can have on the genetic mutations found in tumors of the liver, potentially paving the way to a better understanding of the mechanisms through which these chronic infections can lead to cancer. Primary liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and recent studies have shown that particularly in Asia, infection with either hepatitis B or C is often associated with such cancers.
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