الجمعة، 31 يوليو 2015

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

Cell aging slowed by putting brakes on noisy transcription

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 02:26 PM PDT

Working with yeast and worms, researchers found that incorrect gene expression is a hallmark of aged cells and that reducing such "noise" extends lifespan in these organisms.

Study questions presence in blood of heart-healthy molecules from fish oil supplements

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 02:26 PM PDT

The importance of a diet rich in fish oils -- now a billion dollar food-supplement industry -- has been debated for over half a century. A new study questions the relevance of fish oil-derived substances and their purported anti-inflammatory effects in humans.

Depressed females have over-active glutamate receptor gene

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 02:23 PM PDT

Numerous genes that regulate the activity of a neurotransmitter in the brain have been found to be abundant in brain tissue of depressed females. This could be an underlying cause of the higher incidence of suicide among women, according to research.

When surgeons listen to their preferred music, their stitches are better and faster

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 01:28 PM PDT

From classical to rock, music can be heard in operating rooms across the world. When plastic surgeons listen to music they prefer, their surgical technique and efficiency when closing incisions is improved, a new study shows.

Novel model developed to predict amount of nicotine emitted from e-cigarettes

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 01:28 PM PDT

Researchers have developed the first ever, evidence-based model that can predict with up to 90 percent accuracy the amount of nicotine emitted by an electronic cigarettes.

The body and the brain: Impact of mental, physical exertion on fatigue development

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 01:24 PM PDT

Do you ever notice how stress and mental frustration can affect your physical abilities? When you are worried about something at work, do you find yourself more exhausted at the end of the day? This phenomenon is a result of the activation of a specific area of the brain when we attempt to participate in both physical and mental tasks simultaneously.

HVTN 505 vaccine induced antibodies nonspecific for HIV

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 01:24 PM PDT

A new study helps explain why the candidate vaccine used in the HVTN 505 clinical trial was not protective against HIV infection despite robustly inducing anti-HIV antibodies: the vaccine stimulated antibodies that recognized HIV as well as microbes commonly found in the intestinal tract, part of the body's microbiome.

Paralyzed men move legs with new non-invasive spinal cord stimulation

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 01:22 PM PDT

Five men with complete motor paralysis were able to voluntarily generate step-like movements thanks to a new strategy that non-invasively delivers electrical stimulation to their spinal cords. The strategy, called transcutaneous stimulation, delivers electrical current to the spinal cord by way of electrodes strategically placed on the skin of the lower back. This expands to nine the number of completely paralyzed individuals who have achieved voluntary movement while receiving spinal stimulation.

Computer model forecasts flu outbreaks in a subtropical climate

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 01:20 PM PDT

It is possible to predict the timing and intensity of influenza outbreaks in subtropical climates like Hong Kong where flu seasons can occur at different times and more than once during a year, scientists have shown for the first time.

Positive reinforcement plays key role in cognitive task performance in ADHD kids

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 10:12 AM PDT

A little recognition for a job well done means a lot to children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder -- more so than it would for typically developing kids.

Cheaper, high-performance prosthetic knee

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 10:11 AM PDT

Researchers report that they have designed a cheap prosthetic knee that mimics normal walking motion. The team reports that it has calculated the ideal torque that a prosthetic knee should produce, given the mass of the leg segments, in order to induce able-bodied kinematics, or normal walking.

Researchers resurrect ancient viruses in hopes of improving gene therapy

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 10:10 AM PDT

Researchers have reconstructed an ancient virus that is highly effective at delivering gene therapies to the liver, muscle, and retina. This discovery could potentially be used to design gene therapies that are not only safer and more potent than therapies currently available, but may also help a greater number of patients.

Take a Trip Through the Brain: New Imaging Tool

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 10:07 AM PDT

A new imaging tool could do for the brain what the telescope did for space exploration. In the first demonstration of how the technology works, the researchers look inside the brain of an adult mouse at a scale previously unachievable, generating images at a nanoscale resolution. The inventors' goal is to make the resource available to the scientific community in the form of a national brain observatory.

How a single molecule turns one immune cell into another

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 10:07 AM PDT

All it takes is one molecule to reprogram an antibody-producing B cell into a scavenging macrophage. This transformation is possible, new evidence shows, because the molecule (C/EBPa, a transcription factor) 'short-circuits' the cells so that they re-express genes reserved for embryonic development.

Trying to quit smoking? First strengthen self-control

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 10:07 AM PDT

The desire to quit smoking -- often considered a requirement for enrolling in treatment programs -- is not always necessary to reduce cigarette cravings, argues a review of addiction research. Early evidence suggests that exercises aimed at increasing self-control, such as mindfulness meditation, can decrease the unconscious influences that motivate a person to smoke.

Newly identified mechanism of p53-induced cell death could aid cancer therapy

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 09:11 AM PDT

Research reveals how the tumor suppressor protein p53 works in the cytoplasm to trigger death via apoptosis and identifies a potential cancer treatment strategy.

HPV16 detection in oral rinses for oropharyngeal cancer

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 09:08 AM PDT

The presence of persistent human papillomavirus type 16 DNA in oral rinses after treatment for HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer was rare but it appears to be associated with poor prognosis and therefore may have potential as a long-term tool for tumor surveillance, according to an article.

Evolutionary war between microorganisms affecting human health, biologist says

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 08:10 AM PDT

Health experts have warned for years that the overuse of antibiotics is creating 'superbugs' able to resist drugs treating infection. Now scientists have found evidence that an invisible war between microorganisms may also be catching humans in the crossfire.

Pharmacists help patients with hypertension

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 08:10 AM PDT

Patients with hypertension benefit from interacting with a medical team that includes a pharmacist. Two studies showed pharmacist-included care teams delivered more hands-on and tailored medication regimens to patients, which yielded more effective blood-pressure control results than for those patients who did not have a pharmacist on hand.

Every country in the world can afford to support its smokers to stop

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 07:45 AM PDT

A major new review examined a wide range of measures that healthcare systems in different countries can adopt to help smokers to stop, determining that in fact, all countries can afford to support smoking cessation.

Seniors get mental health drugs at twice the rate of other adults, see psychiatrists less

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 06:35 AM PDT

Older Americans receive prescriptions for mental health drugs at more than twice the rate that younger adults do, but they're much less likely to be getting their mental health care from a psychiatrist, a new study shows. Some seniors could be at risk of problems caused interactions between drugs.

Delay in treatment, missed diagnostic testing found among lung cancer patients

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 05:14 AM PDT

Patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer may wait too long to receive treatment, and too many patients skip vital diagnostic steps that are needed to help determine the best possible treatment, researchers report.

Most adolescents feel better after gastric bypass

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 05:12 AM PDT

Teenagers suffering from severe obesity generally feel worse than their peers, but after undergoing gastric bypass nearly all experience improved mental health. One in five, however, still suffers from symptoms of depression -- some quite seriously.

Sugar in your cuppa not just about a sweet tooth

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 05:12 AM PDT

New research has given tea and coffee drinkers new information about why their favorite drinks taste as they do. The study shows that sugar has an important effect in reducing the bitterness of tea and coffee, not just by masking it but by influencing the fundamental chemistry.

Depressive ruminations and the idling brain

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 05:11 AM PDT

Depressed people often find themselves preoccupied with guilty, shameful, or self-defeating thoughts for large parts of their day. These thoughts not only distract from other activities but also fail to resolve the underlying life issues. Further, the ideas that receive focused attention in these depressive ruminations are frequently quite distorted and lead to distress.

Treating ships' ballast water: Filtration preferable to disinfection

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 05:11 AM PDT

Untreated ballast water discharge from ships can spread living organisms and even pathogens across the world thereby introducing non-native or invasive species into the local environment. Scientists therefore recommend using physical treatment processes such as filtration rather than electrochemical disinfection, which creates countless potentially toxic compounds.

First reports of robotic surgery for advanced vena cava tumor thrombus due to kidney cancer

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 05:11 AM PDT

Surgery is required when cancer of the kidney causes a Level III thrombus, or clot, to develop in the major vein leading back to the heart. Traditionally this complicated procedure, inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombectomy, is performed using a large open incision, primarily because the vein is often difficult to reach. In a new article, a team of surgeons describe the first cases in which this procedure has been successfully performed robotically, using only seven small incisions and four robotic tools.

Promising progress for new treatment of type 1 diabetes

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 05:11 AM PDT

New research shows promising progress in the use of anti-inflammatory cytokine for treatment of type 1 diabetes. The study reveals that administration of interleukin-35 (a protein made by immune cells) to mice with type 1 diabetes, reverses or cures the disease by maintaining a normal blood glucose level and the immune tolerance.

Blood test predicts prognosis for traumatic brain injuries

Posted: 30 Jul 2015 05:08 AM PDT

A new blood test could help emergency room doctors quickly diagnose traumatic brain injury and determine its severity. The findings could help identify patients who might benefit from extra therapy or experimental treatments.

Women's immune system genes operate differently from men's, study finds

Posted: 29 Jul 2015 11:19 AM PDT

A new technology for studying the human body's vast system for toggling genes on and off reveals that genes associated with the immune system toggle more frequently, and those same genes operate differently in women and men.

Long telomere length associated with increased lung cancer risk

Posted: 29 Jul 2015 11:19 AM PDT

A large-scale genetic study of the links between telomere length and risk for five common cancers finds that long telomeres are associated with an increased risk of lung adenocarcinoma. No significant associations between telomere length and other cancer types were observed. The study uses a novel method to measure genetic predisposition for telomere length, rather than physiological measures which are confounded by factors such as age and lifestyle.
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