ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Urban ERs see high rates of hepatitis C infection
• Many seniors overestimate their mobility
• Five ways to improve health information exchange in ERs
• Nicotine-chomping bacteria may hold key to anti-smoking therapy
• Excessive workout supplement use: An emerging eating disorder in men?
• Single dose Ebola vaccine is safe, effective in monkeys against outbreak strain
• Some radiation okay for expectant mother and fetus, study suggests
• High blood sugar of diabetes can cause immune system malfunction, triggering infection
• Abusive men put female partners at greater sexual risk, study finds
• Topical gel proves safe, effective treatment for patients with skin t cell lymphoma
• Fly model of motor neuron degeneration provides new avenues for exploration in humans
• Paleo diet: Big brains needed carbs
• Observing live energy production by malignant cells
• Rapid aging of the thymus linked to decline in free radical defenses
• Chemical-only cell reprogramming transforms human and mouse skin cells into neurons
• Neutrophil and cancer cell 'crosstalk' underlies oral cancer metastasis
• Why the human heart cannot regenerate
• Hypofractionation vs. conventional fractionation in breast cancer radiotherapy
• Falling off the wagon with Facebook
• Bacteria that prevents type 1 diabetes
• When dinner table defiance could lead to health problems
• Long-term ovarian cancer survival higher than thought
• Siblings of children with schizophrenia show resilience to the condition as they grow up
• Working to ensure the heart's ideal performance
• Is Modern living leading to a ‘hidden epidemic’ of neurological disease?
• Important regulation of cell invaginations discovered
• Diabetes drug modulates cholesterol levels
• DNA Repair: Pincer attack
• Targeting the early-teens for extra exercise could cut diabetes risk
• Want to improve your health? Focus on nutrition and not weight

Urban ERs see high rates of hepatitis C infection Posted: 06 Aug 2015 02:10 PM PDT An urban emergency department that set up a hepatitis C testing protocol saw high rates of infection among intravenous drug users and Baby Boomers, with three-quarters of those testing positive unaware they were infected.

Many seniors overestimate their mobility Posted: 06 Aug 2015 02:10 PM PDT Many seniors who visit emergency departments require more assistance with physical tasks than they think they do, which may lead to hospital readmission later on, a new report suggests.

Five ways to improve health information exchange in ERs Posted: 06 Aug 2015 02:10 PM PDT An emergency physician-led workgroup has published five primary and seven secondary recommendations about how to maximize the value of health information exchange in emergency departments.

Nicotine-chomping bacteria may hold key to anti-smoking therapy Posted: 06 Aug 2015 01:09 PM PDT A new study explores a bacterial enzyme that might be used as a drug candidate to help people quit smoking. The research shows that this enzyme can be recreated in lab settings and possesses a number of promising characteristics for drug development.

Excessive workout supplement use: An emerging eating disorder in men? Posted: 06 Aug 2015 12:15 PM PDT In an effort to build better bodies, more men are turning not to illegal anabolic steroids, but to legal over-the-counter bodybuilding supplements to the point where it may qualify as an emerging eating disorder, according to research.

Single dose Ebola vaccine is safe, effective in monkeys against outbreak strain Posted: 06 Aug 2015 12:14 PM PDT A single dose of an experimental Ebola virus vaccine completely protects cynomolgus macaques against the current EBOV outbreak strain, EBOV-Makona, when given at least seven days before exposure, and partially protects them if given three days prior, scientists report. The live-attenuated vaccine, VSV-EBOV, uses genetically engineered vesicular stomatitis virus to carry an EBOV gene that has safely induced protective immunity in macaques.

Some radiation okay for expectant mother and fetus, study suggests Posted: 06 Aug 2015 12:14 PM PDT During pregnancy, approximately 5 to 8 percent of women sustain traumatic injuries, including fractures and muscle tears. To help evaluate and manage these injuries, orthopaedic surgeons often recommend radiographs and other imaging studies. Most diagnostic studies are generally safe, and the radiation doses from these studies are well below thresholds considered risky, researchers now say.

High blood sugar of diabetes can cause immune system malfunction, triggering infection Posted: 06 Aug 2015 12:13 PM PDT Scientists may have uncovered a molecular mechanism that sets into motion dangerous infection in the feet and hands often occurring with uncontrolled diabetes. It appears that high blood sugar unleashes destructive molecules that interfere with the body's natural infection-control defenses.

Abusive men put female partners at greater sexual risk, study finds Posted: 06 Aug 2015 11:47 AM PDT Men who were physically and sexually abusive to women were more likely than non-abusive men to engage in behaviors that exposed them and their partners to sexually transmitted infections.

Topical gel proves safe, effective treatment for patients with skin t cell lymphoma Posted: 06 Aug 2015 10:32 AM PDT Results of a phase one trial show that an investigational topical drug, resiquimod gel, causes regression of both treated and untreated tumor lesions and may completely remove cancerous cells from both sites in patients with early stage cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) – a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that affects the skin. Currently, there is no cure for CTCL aside from a bone marrow transplant. However, the new study shows that the topical gel can eliminate malignant T cells, leading to diminished lesions.

Fly model of motor neuron degeneration provides new avenues for exploration in humans Posted: 06 Aug 2015 10:31 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new model to study motor neuron degeneration and have used this to identify three genes involved in the neurodegeneration process. These findings could have relevance for understanding the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other forms of motor neuron disease. ALS is the most common form of adult-onset motor neuron disease.

Paleo diet: Big brains needed carbs Posted: 06 Aug 2015 10:31 AM PDT Understanding how and why we evolved such large brains is one of the most puzzling issues in the study of human evolution. A new study argues that carbohydrate consumption, particularly in the form of starch, was critical for the accelerated expansion of the human brain over the last million years. Eating meat may have kick-started the evolution of bigger brains, but cooked starchy foods together with more salivary amylase genes made us smarter still.

Observing live energy production by malignant cells Posted: 06 Aug 2015 10:30 AM PDT To be able to function, cell mitochondria import 'fuel' using a carrier, the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). In order to determine whether the MPC is still functional in malignant cells, scientists have just developed a biosensor to measure its live activity.

Rapid aging of the thymus linked to decline in free radical defenses Posted: 06 Aug 2015 10:30 AM PDT A critical immune organ called the thymus shrinks rapidly with age, putting older individuals at greater risk for life-threatening infections. A new study reveals that thymus atrophy may stem from a decline in its ability to protect against DNA damage from free radicals. The damage accelerates metabolic dysfunction in the organ, progressively reducing its production of pathogen-fighting T cells.

Chemical-only cell reprogramming transforms human and mouse skin cells into neurons Posted: 06 Aug 2015 10:30 AM PDT Two labs in China have independently succeeded in transforming skin cells into neurons using only a cocktail of chemicals, with one group using human cells from healthy individuals and Alzheimer's patients, and the other group using cells from mice. The two studies reinforce the idea that a purely chemical approach is a promising way to scale up cell reprogramming research.

Neutrophil and cancer cell 'crosstalk' underlies oral cancer metastasis Posted: 06 Aug 2015 09:18 AM PDT An abnormal immune response or 'feedback loop' could very well be the underlying cause of metastases in oral cancers, according to research that has unearthed a significant connection between the inflammatory response of a very specific form of immune cells, neutrophils, and the spread of this deadly disease.

Why the human heart cannot regenerate Posted: 06 Aug 2015 09:18 AM PDT Damage to the human heart causes cardiac muscle cells to die, which in turn leads to reduced heart function and death. However, this is not the case for zebrafish or amphibians. If their hearts become damaged and cardiac muscle cells die, their remaining cardiac muscle cells can reproduce, allowing the heart to regenerate. Researchers have now found a possible explanation as to why this does not happen in humans.

Hypofractionation vs. conventional fractionation in breast cancer radiotherapy Posted: 06 Aug 2015 09:18 AM PDT New research has examined outcomes in women with breast cancer who had breast-conserving surgery and were treated with hypofractionated radiation therapy (shorter courses of radiation treatment administered in larger daily fraction sizes) compared with longer courses of conventionally fractionated radiation therapy.

Falling off the wagon with Facebook Posted: 06 Aug 2015 08:25 AM PDT Despite the growing use of online support groups such as those on Facebook to help curb substance abuse, attending traditional face-to-face meetings may continue to be more effective for people trying to maintain sobriety, according to research.

Bacteria that prevents type 1 diabetes Posted: 06 Aug 2015 08:21 AM PDT To combat pathogens, the immune system has developed various mechanisms to detect, defend against and even destroy micro-organisms that are harmful to the body. This includes antimicrobial peptides and natural proteins that destroy pathogenic bacteria by disrupting their cellular membrane. Not only are they produced by immune cells, they are also produced by cells whose functions are not immune-related. Researchers have recently shown how microbiota protects against the development of type 1 diabetes.

When dinner table defiance could lead to health problems Posted: 06 Aug 2015 07:24 AM PDT When most people think of eating disorders, they think of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. But there's another condition that has nothing to do with concerns over weight, shape or body image, and it has been recognized in the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Long-term ovarian cancer survival higher than thought Posted: 06 Aug 2015 07:22 AM PDT Combing data collected on thousands of California ovarian cancer patients, researchers have determined that almost one-third survived at least 10 years after diagnosis.

Siblings of children with schizophrenia show resilience to the condition as they grow up Posted: 06 Aug 2015 07:22 AM PDT Fundamental differences between how the brain forms during adolescence have been discovered in children with schizophrenia and their siblings, a new study shows.

Working to ensure the heart's ideal performance Posted: 06 Aug 2015 06:14 AM PDT Utilizing a pharmaceutical treatment for systolic heart failure, that is being tested in clinical trials, new research determined the precise interaction between the drug and the cardiac myosin protein or the cardiac "motor," forming a structure that regulates the contraction of cardiac muscle and allows the heart to efficiently pump oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.

Is Modern living leading to a ‘hidden epidemic’ of neurological disease? Posted: 06 Aug 2015 06:13 AM PDT Modern living could be responsible for an 'almost epidemic' increase in neurological brain disease.

Important regulation of cell invaginations discovered Posted: 06 Aug 2015 06:13 AM PDT Lack of microinvaginations in the cell membrane, caveolae, can cause serious diseases such as lipodystrophy and muscular dystrophy. Researchers have now discovered a "main switch" that regulates the formation of these invaginations.

Diabetes drug modulates cholesterol levels Posted: 06 Aug 2015 06:13 AM PDT Besides affecting the blood sugar levels, the substance Metformin, also has an impact on blood fat levels, a research team reports, adding that it is especially the harmful LDL cholesterol can be reduced.

DNA Repair: Pincer attack Posted: 06 Aug 2015 06:13 AM PDT Defects in DNA can cause serious harm to an organism, including cell death or the development of cancer. Efficient repair mechanisms are therefore of vital importance. Researchers have explained for the first time in detail how a human DNA repair enzyme works. Their computer simulations show that the repair process is different from what was previously thought.

Targeting the early-teens for extra exercise could cut diabetes risk Posted: 06 Aug 2015 06:12 AM PDT Physical activity provides the greatest benefits to adolescent insulin resistance -- a risk factor for type 2 diabetes -- when the condition peaks at age 13, but provides no benefit to it at age 16. The findings could help design more effective interventions for children by targeting the early-teens.

Want to improve your health? Focus on nutrition and not weight Posted: 05 Aug 2015 08:02 AM PDT If you are watching what you eat, working out, and still not seeing improvements in your cholesterol, blood pressure, blood sugar, etc., here's some hope. A new report suggests that inflammation induced by deficiencies in vitamins and minerals might be the culprit.

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