ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Substance abuse recovery odds increase in a community setting
• Identifying the 'dimmer switch' of diabetes
• Scientists identify DNA alterations as among earliest to occur in lung cancer development
• Laser pulses for ultrahigh molecular sensitivity
• Pregnancy complications may signal later risk of heart disease death
• New way found to combat brain cancer
• Virus re-engineered to deliver therapies to cells
• Bordetella parapertussis outbreak in southeastern Minnesota in 2014
• Researchers use neuroimaging to measure early cognitive improvement after mild TBI
• Mice exposed to environmental chemicals may show decreased physical activity in offspring
• Targeting DNA: Protein-based sensor could detect viral infection or kill cancer cells
• Millennials, Gen Y need to eat less, work out more to stave off obesity, researchers say
• Obamacare saps enthusiasm for government health-care spending
• Old drug offers new hope to treat Alzheimer's disease
• Pioneer ACO program sees modest reduction in low-value services
• Study examines gun control policies, effect on youth gun carrying
• Public health must be top priority if cannabis is legalized in Canada
• Digestible batteries needed to power electronic pills
• Becoming cyborgs in the battle against prostate cancer
• Childhood kidney stones associated with atherosclerosis, study shows
• Malaria: Multi-drug resistance more alarming than ever
• Unemployment takes its toll on young people's mental health
• Violence among young black men associated with sense of powerlessness, study finds
• Targeting exercise is not the best way to reduce prolonged sitting, study finds
• Exercise reduces suicide attempts by 23 percent among bullied teens
• Phase 3 women-only HIV study sheds light on safe and effective antiretroviral treatments
• Rotavirus and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines reduce pediatric hospital burden
• A cost-effective alternative for treating staphylococcal bloodstream infections
• Silicone vaginal rings deliver antiviral drugs, protect women against HIV
• Scientists reveal how stem cells defend against viruses
• Monitoring the microbiome in leukemia patients could reduce infections during chemotherapy
• Over fifty per cent don't go for new bowel cancer test
• New discovery offers cure by starving cancer cells
• Even mild depression puts a burden on Alzheimer's family caregivers
• Teenagers who become pregnant at higher risk of further teen pregnancies
• Is it cyberbullying? Parents' views differ on how schools should respond
• Hospital reduces emergency wait time, improves care for pediatric sickle cell disease patients
• Changing clinical practice: Too fast or too slow?
• Alzheimer's drug could prevent bone fractures
• A high fat diet leads to overeating because of faulty brain signaling

Substance abuse recovery odds increase in a community setting Posted: 21 Sep 2015 03:25 PM PDT Following substance abuse treatment, individuals who live in a collaborative housing setting with community rules and responsibilities have their substance abuse treated more effectively than those not provided supportive housing, according to research.

Identifying the 'dimmer switch' of diabetes Posted: 21 Sep 2015 03:21 PM PDT In a landmark study, researchers examined pancreatic islet cells from 99 human organ donors and identified a new molecular pathway that manages the amount of insulin produced by the pancreatic cells -- essentially a 'dimmer' switch that adjusts how much or how little insulin is secreted when blood sugar increases. According to the researchers, the dimmer appears to be lost in type 2 diabetes but can be restored and 'turned back on.'

Scientists identify DNA alterations as among earliest to occur in lung cancer development Posted: 21 Sep 2015 03:21 PM PDT Working with tissue, blood and DNA from six people with precancerous and cancerous lung lesions, a team of scientists has identified what it believes are among the very earliest 'premalignant' genetic changes that mark the potential onset of the most common and deadliest form of disease.

Laser pulses for ultrahigh molecular sensitivity Posted: 21 Sep 2015 03:21 PM PDT Scientists have developed a new light source with unprecedented sensitivity to molecular finger prints of cancer cells.

Pregnancy complications may signal later risk of heart disease death Posted: 21 Sep 2015 03:21 PM PDT Women who experience pregnancy complications, especially those with multiple complications, are at greater risk of dying from heart attack and other cardiovascular diseases later in life. Researchers suggest women who experience complicated pregnancies should be targeted for early, aggressive preventive cardiovascular disease intervention.

New way found to combat brain cancer Posted: 21 Sep 2015 12:35 PM PDT Scientists have discovered an innovative way that may stop the spread of the most lethal and aggressive brain cancer glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). In laboratory studies, scientists demonstrated that activating a specific family of proteins halted cancer cell migration into healthy tissue.

Virus re-engineered to deliver therapies to cells Posted: 21 Sep 2015 12:34 PM PDT Researchers stripped a virus of its infectious machinery and turned its benign core into a delivery vehicle that can target sick cells while leaving healthy tissue alone.

Bordetella parapertussis outbreak in southeastern Minnesota in 2014 Posted: 21 Sep 2015 12:14 PM PDT A new study reports that an outbreak of Bordetella parapertussis occurred in 2014 in Southeastern Minnesota, in the months of October through December.

Researchers use neuroimaging to measure early cognitive improvement after mild TBI Posted: 21 Sep 2015 10:39 AM PDT A neuroimaging study details working memory deficits and cognitive recovery during initial week after concussion. The fMRI studies, conducted at <72 hours after injury and one week later, provide neuroimaging evidence for working memory deficits during the week following injury.

Mice exposed to environmental chemicals may show decreased physical activity in offspring Posted: 21 Sep 2015 10:38 AM PDT Endocrine disruptors interfere with endocrine or hormone systems and can cause tumors, birth defects and developmental disorders in mammals. Now, a study suggests that female mice exposed to environmental chemicals may cause decreases in their daughter's metabolism and the amount of exercise in which they engage in later in life. These disruptors when introduced in developmental stages, are essentially creating 'couch potatoes' among female mice and could predict future metabolic complications.

Targeting DNA: Protein-based sensor could detect viral infection or kill cancer cells Posted: 21 Sep 2015 10:38 AM PDT Biological engineers have developed a modular system of proteins that can detect a particular DNA sequence in a cell and then trigger a specific response, such as cell death.

Millennials, Gen Y need to eat less, work out more to stave off obesity, researchers say Posted: 21 Sep 2015 10:36 AM PDT If you are struggling with weight gain, you might be surprised to know that your parents had it easier - they could eat more and exercise less, and still avoid obesity, according to a recent study.

Obamacare saps enthusiasm for government health-care spending Posted: 21 Sep 2015 10:36 AM PDT The Affordable Care Act has eroded support for federal health care spending not just from Republicans, but also from Democrats and independents, a study has found.

Old drug offers new hope to treat Alzheimer's disease Posted: 21 Sep 2015 10:36 AM PDT Salsalate, a drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, effectively reversed tau-related dysfunction in an animal model of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), scientists have discovered. Salsalate prevented the accumulation of tau in the brain and protected against cognitive impairments resembling impairments seen in Alzheimer's disease and FTD.

Pioneer ACO program sees modest reduction in low-value services Posted: 21 Sep 2015 10:36 AM PDT The Medicare Pioneer ACO (accountable care organization) program in its first year was associated with modest reductions in low-value services that provide minimal clinical benefit to patients, according to an article.

Study examines gun control policies, effect on youth gun carrying Posted: 21 Sep 2015 10:36 AM PDT A more restrictive gun law environment was associated with a reduced likelihood of youth carrying guns, according to an article. An average of 15,000 teenagers 12 to 19 years old died annually in the United States from 1999 to 2013. The three leading causes of death among teenagers were unintentional injuries, homicide and suicide. Among these fatal youth injuries, most homicides were gun-related (83 percent) and about half of suicides involved a gun (45 percent).

Public health must be top priority if cannabis is legalized in Canada Posted: 21 Sep 2015 10:34 AM PDT If Canada's new government decides to legalize cannabis, public health must be the top priority to prevent commercialization and promotion by 'Big Cannabis' and subsequent possible harms, argues an analysis.

Digestible batteries needed to power electronic pills Posted: 21 Sep 2015 10:34 AM PDT Imagine a 'smart pill' that can sense problems in your intestines and actively release the appropriate drugs. We have the biological understanding to create such a device, but we're still searching for electronic materials (like batteries and circuits) that pose no risk if they get stuck in our bodies. Now researchers present a vision for creating safe, consumable electronics, such as those powered by the charged ions within our digestive tracts.

Becoming cyborgs in the battle against prostate cancer Posted: 21 Sep 2015 08:27 AM PDT Men are surprisingly positive and open to the concept of having cancer-detecting biosensors implanted within their bodies – effectively making them cyborgs -- new research suggests.

Childhood kidney stones associated with atherosclerosis, study shows Posted: 21 Sep 2015 08:25 AM PDT A recent study is the first to examine and identify a link between kidney stones in children and thickened or hardened arteries -- precursors to a wide variety of cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the connection between kidney stones and cardiovascular risk factors in children may help physicians and parents implement prevention measures to reduce future risk of stroke, heart attack or other forms of vascular disease for affected children.

Malaria: Multi-drug resistance more alarming than ever Posted: 21 Sep 2015 08:25 AM PDT The efforts of the international community for the past ten years in the fight against malaria have reduced the number of disease-related deaths. The in vitro examination of a strain of parasites solely exposed to artemisinin (the base compound for standard therapy) demonstrates the development of a widespread resistance to most other anti-malarial drugs.

Unemployment takes its toll on young people's mental health Posted: 21 Sep 2015 08:25 AM PDT Young people who are not in education, employment or training are committed to working but vulnerable to experiencing mental health problems, according to a new study.

Violence among young black men associated with sense of powerlessness, study finds Posted: 21 Sep 2015 08:25 AM PDT New research finds that young black men and teens who are most likely to be victims or perpetrators of violence are also those who feel that they have the least power to effect social change -- highlighting the importance of ensuring that young black men do not feel alienated by society and social programs.

Targeting exercise is not the best way to reduce prolonged sitting, study finds Posted: 21 Sep 2015 08:25 AM PDT Targeting sitting time, rather than physical activity, is the most effective way to reduce prolonged sitting, according to the first comprehensive review of strategies designed to reduce sitting time.

Exercise reduces suicide attempts by 23 percent among bullied teens Posted: 21 Sep 2015 06:54 AM PDT As high schools across the country continue to reduce physical education, recess, and athletic programs, a new study shows that regular exercise significantly reduces both suicidal thoughts and attempts among students who are bullied.

Phase 3 women-only HIV study sheds light on safe and effective antiretroviral treatments Posted: 21 Sep 2015 06:53 AM PDT Results from the first phase 3 HIV study to enroll only women show improved safety and efficacy of the drug Stribild over multi-pill antiretroviral drug regimens.

Rotavirus and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines reduce pediatric hospital burden Posted: 21 Sep 2015 06:53 AM PDT Researchers show that the introduction of both pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and rotavirus vaccines led to the rapid and dramatic reduction in hospital burden of both winter diarrhea and respiratory infections within <5 years post introduction of the vaccines.

A cost-effective alternative for treating staphylococcal bloodstream infections Posted: 21 Sep 2015 06:53 AM PDT Research comparing clinical outcomes between patients receiving nafcillin and cefazolin for treatment of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia shows that overall treatment failure rate among patients receiving cefazolin was no worse than nafcillin, and significantly fewer adverse effects were documented for those receiving cefazolin.

Silicone vaginal rings deliver antiviral drugs, protect women against HIV Posted: 21 Sep 2015 06:53 AM PDT Researchers have succeeded in developing a vaginal silicone ring that delivers molecules that act on both HIV and herpes virus.

Scientists reveal how stem cells defend against viruses Posted: 21 Sep 2015 06:53 AM PDT Scientists have uncovered the mechanisms which embryonic stem cells employ to inhibit virus expression. The groundbreaking discovery could potentially advance stem cell therapeutics and diagnostics.

Monitoring the microbiome in leukemia patients could reduce infections during chemotherapy Posted: 21 Sep 2015 06:51 AM PDT Researchers report that a patient's microbial diversity, even before they start cancer treatment, can be linked to risk of infection during induction chemotherapy.

Over fifty per cent don't go for new bowel cancer test Posted: 21 Sep 2015 06:13 AM PDT More than half of people invited to take a new bowel cancer screening test didn't take up the opportunity – even though it could stop them developing or dying from the disease, according to a report.

New discovery offers cure by starving cancer cells Posted: 21 Sep 2015 06:13 AM PDT Scientists know that most cancer cells use glucose to fuel their uncontrolled growth and now an international team of researchers has identified a protein which if switched off could stop the disease in its tracks.

Even mild depression puts a burden on Alzheimer's family caregivers Posted: 21 Sep 2015 06:13 AM PDT Caregiving for an Alzheimer's patient is especially burdensome for spousal and family caregivers who at the time of their near and dear one's Alzheimer's diagnosis suffer from depressive symptoms, according to a study. The study analyzed the psychological stress of family caregivers during a three-year period following the Alzheimer's diagnosis.

Teenagers who become pregnant at higher risk of further teen pregnancies Posted: 21 Sep 2015 06:02 AM PDT Nearly a quarter of teenagers in England and Wales who have had an abortion have been pregnant before, according to new research.

Is it cyberbullying? Parents' views differ on how schools should respond Posted: 21 Sep 2015 06:02 AM PDT One in five parents say students who post online rumors about sex should be referred to police, a new study shows. The research highlights the differing parental views on how schools should respond to cyberbullying.

Hospital reduces emergency wait time, improves care for pediatric sickle cell disease patients Posted: 21 Sep 2015 06:01 AM PDT An American hospital has significantly reduced the amount of time that pediatric patients experiencing pain from sickle cell disease wait before receiving pain medication when they come to the emergency department.

Changing clinical practice: Too fast or too slow? Posted: 21 Sep 2015 06:01 AM PDT In this age of the 24-hour news cycle, instant access to all information everywhere, PubMed, LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter and hundreds of other ways to glean and share knowledge beyond the traditional stack of printed journals delivered to their door, physicians continue to struggle to arm themselves with the most effective therapies.

Alzheimer's drug could prevent bone fractures Posted: 21 Sep 2015 06:01 AM PDT The most common drug used to treat Alzheimer's disease increases bone mass in mice, according to a recent article. Researchers say this means the drug could also be used to treat bone loss diseases like osteoporosis and periodontitis, following further clinical research.

A high fat diet leads to overeating because of faulty brain signaling Posted: 21 Sep 2015 06:01 AM PDT Defective signaling in the brain can cause overeating of high fat foods in mice, leading to obesity, according to a new article. The body controls food intake by balancing a need for food to survive with a desire for food for pleasure. By shifting the balance between these systems, defective brain signaling can cause pleasure to take over, resulting in overeating and obesity.

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