الاثنين، 5 أكتوبر 2015

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

Tissue-engineered colon from human cells develop different types of neurons

Posted: 01 Oct 2015 12:41 PM PDT

Tissue-engineered colon derived from human cells is able to develop the many specialized nerves required for function, mimicking the neuronal population found in native colon. These specialized neurons, localized in the gut, form the enteric nervous system, which regulates digestive tract motility, secretion, absorption and gastrointestinal blood flow.

Gene therapy doubles survival in recurrent glioblastoma

Posted: 01 Oct 2015 12:41 PM PDT

An experimental gene therapy essentially doubled the overall survival of patients with recurrent glioblastoma compared to the current standard of care, researchers report.

Single neuron may carry over 1,000 mutations

Posted: 01 Oct 2015 12:39 PM PDT

A single neuron in a normal adult brain likely has more than a thousand genetic mutations that are not present in the cells that surround it, according to new research. The majority of these mutations appear to arise while genes are in active use, after brain development is complete.

Enzyme malfunction may be why binge drinking can lead to alcoholism, study finds

Posted: 01 Oct 2015 12:30 PM PDT

A malfunctioning enzyme may be a reason that binge drinking increases the odds of alcoholism, according to a study. The scientists identified a previously unsuspected job performed by the enzyme, in mice. The discovery could help guide the development of medications that extinguish the urge to consume alcohol, they say.

Tugs and pulls: How a molecular motor untangles protein

Posted: 01 Oct 2015 11:26 AM PDT

E. coli ClpB is a bacterial enzyme that untangles proteins. Such tangles are hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. A study now offers new insight on this amazing molecular machine, and could lead toward new treatment approaches.

Genes of colon cancer recurrence differs among blacks, whites and Asians

Posted: 01 Oct 2015 11:25 AM PDT

The genetic makeup of colon cancer tumors and survival rates for patients with the disease differ by race, according to a study. Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in both men and women with more than 93,000 cases estimated to be diagnosed in 2015. Researchers have long known that blacks develop colon cancer at an earlier age and blacks with colon cancer are at higher risk of dying than whites. However, it has been difficult to identify why the differences in survival exist.

Lung cancer screening programs do not increase rates of unnecessary surgeries

Posted: 01 Oct 2015 11:21 AM PDT

Lung cancer screening programs that utilize standardized reporting and include cardiothoracic surgeons as part of a multidisciplinary team can successfully be adopted into clinical practice without an increase in surgical intervention for non-cancerous disease, according to an article.

Babies with drug withdrawal syndrome more likely to be readmitted

Posted: 01 Oct 2015 10:00 AM PDT

Infants diagnosed with drug withdrawal symptoms at birth, also known as neonatal abstinence syndrome, are nearly two and a half times as likely to be readmitted to the hospital in the first month after being discharged compared with full-term infants born without complications, according to new research.

Research connects specific variations in RNA splicing with breast cancer causation

Posted: 01 Oct 2015 10:00 AM PDT

Researchers have identified cellular changes traceable to an RNA splicing factor that's also an oncoprotein that may play a role in converting normal breast cells into tumors. Targeting these changes could potentially lead to therapies for some forms of breast cancer, they say.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress plays significant role in type 2 diabetes

Posted: 01 Oct 2015 10:00 AM PDT

The endoplasmic reticulum plays a more important role in type 2 diabetes and its complications than previously believed, new research suggests. To make their discovery, scientists identified several endoplasmic reticulum stress markers increased in cells from patients with type 2 diabetes as compared to healthy control subjects.

New method to predict increased risk of non-familial breast cancer

Posted: 01 Oct 2015 09:59 AM PDT

By detecting cancer at an early stage, or even predicting who has an increased risk of being affected, the possibilities to treat the disease can be radically improved. Now researchers have discovered that apparently healthy breast cells contain genetic aberrations that can be associated with an increased risk for non-familial breast cancer.

Heavier patients require less blood transfusions in hip, knee replacement surgery

Posted: 01 Oct 2015 09:59 AM PDT

Blood transfusion rates in hip and knee replacement surgery were dramatically lower in overweight or obese patients than patients of normal weight, according to a study. Researchers also found no correlation between the heavier patients and post-surgical complications such as blood clots and heart attacks.

New 'driver' to assess cancer patient survival, drug sensitivity

Posted: 01 Oct 2015 09:57 AM PDT

Cancer specialists have long looked at genetic mutations and DNA copy changes to help predict patient survival and drug sensitivity. A new study has opened up yet another avenue for understanding the biological reasons why some people live longer or respond better to treatment -- RNA editing events.

Rescuing intestinal stem cells from attack in type 1 diabetes

Posted: 01 Oct 2015 09:56 AM PDT

The cause of diabetic enteropathy has been discovered by researchers, along with a possible prevention and treatment strategy. The study demonstrates how diabetes can destroy the stem cells that maintain the intestinal lining--through excess production of a hormone called insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3).
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