ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Global marine analysis suggests food chain collapse
• From hummingbird to owl: New research decodes bird family tree
• Double enzyme hit may explain common cancer drug side effect
• Workplace mentors benefit female employees more than men
• Babies need free tongue movement to decipher speech sounds
• Vines strangle carbon storage in tropical forests
• Study stops vision loss in late-stage canine X-linked retinitis pigmentosa
• RNA editing technique treats severe form of muscular dystrophy
• New research shows how to make effective political arguments, sociologist says
• 3D printed fetal head helps manage care for baby with life-threatening airway mass
• Cardiac patients receive comparable care from physicians, advanced practice providers
• The savory secrets of baked bread
• Researchers seek ways to keep pathogens, pests from traveling with grain
• Mama or Dada? Research looks at what words are easiest for kids to learn
• Turncoat protein regulates sensitivity of breast cancer cells to drug
• First comprehensive profile of non-protein-coding RNAs in human cancers
• Hidden brain pathways crucial to communication
• Chemistry controls magnetism
• New optoelectronic probe enables communication with neural microcircuits
• Melting of Antarctic ice shelves set to intensify
• Prostate cells undergo 'reprogramming' to form tumors, study finds
• Study examines concussion-like symptom reporting in uninjured athletes
• Key differences in brain activity in people with anorexia nervosa revealed by study
• Establishment of systems metabolic engineering strategies to develop microbial strains
• Radboud radio telescope to travel with Stratos II+ rocket again
• Not in my backyard: Extreme weather perceptions in your neighborhood and beyond
• 2015 Nobel Prize in Economics
• Women: A longer break from work leads to less interest in a career
• Allergic asthma: Key molecule identified
• Why being single is much more than handling just loneliness
• Beauty patch is applicable from skincare to medical patches
• Precision injections of Botox into migraine
• Fruit fly pheromone flags great real estate for starting a family
• 'Nanohoops' could energize future devices
• 'Beeting' high altitude symptoms with beet juice
• Genes linked with malaria's virulence shared by apes, humans
• Supercoiled DNA is far more dynamic than the 'Watson-Crick' double helix
• Lithium safe, effective for children with bipolar disorder, study suggests
• Dielectric film has refractive index close to air
• Children born in the summer more likely to be healthy adults

Global marine analysis suggests food chain collapse Posted: 12 Oct 2015 03:10 PM PDT A world-first global analysis of marine responses to climbing human carbon dioxide emissions has painted a grim picture of future fisheries and ocean ecosystems.

From hummingbird to owl: New research decodes bird family tree Posted: 12 Oct 2015 03:10 PM PDT The rapid extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago gave rise to a stunning variety of bird species over the next few million years, according to new research.

Double enzyme hit may explain common cancer drug side effect Posted: 12 Oct 2015 03:10 PM PDT Many leukemias are caused by loss of the enzyme Pten. Some anti-leukemia treatments work by inhibiting another enzyme called Shp2. Researchers have now found that mice lacking both of these enzymes can't produce and sustain enough red blood cells. The study helps explain why anemia is a common side effect of anti-cancer drugs that target enzymes involved in tumor growth.

Workplace mentors benefit female employees more than men Posted: 12 Oct 2015 03:09 PM PDT The success of online networking sites such as LinkedIn illustrates the popularity of building a wide-ranging contact list. Yet when it comes to raising one's profile within the workplace, female employees stand much to gain from formal, face-to-face mentoring programs, according to a new study.

Babies need free tongue movement to decipher speech sounds Posted: 12 Oct 2015 03:08 PM PDT Inhibiting infants' tongue movements impedes their ability to distinguish between speech sounds, researchers have found. The study is the first to discover a direct link between infants' oral-motor movements and auditory speech perception.

Vines strangle carbon storage in tropical forests Posted: 12 Oct 2015 02:45 PM PDT Although useful to Tarzan, vines endanger tropical forests' capacity to store carbon. In a major experimental study in Panama, researchers showed that woody vines, or lianas, slow tropical forest tree growth and may even cause premature tree death. Lianas reduced aboveground carbon uptake by more than three-quarters, threatening the forests' ability to buffer climate change.

Study stops vision loss in late-stage canine X-linked retinitis pigmentosa Posted: 12 Oct 2015 02:45 PM PDT Three years ago, a team announced that they had cured X-linked retinitis pigmentosa, a blinding retinal disease, in dogs. Now they've shown that they can cure the canine disease over the long term, even when the treatment is given after half or more of the affected photoreceptor cells have been destroyed.

RNA editing technique treats severe form of muscular dystrophy Posted: 12 Oct 2015 02:45 PM PDT An RNA editing technique called 'exon skipping' has shown preliminary success in treating a rare and severe form of muscular dystrophy that currently has no treatment. The discovery stems from the persistence of a father, whose two sons were diagnosed with a rare and severe form of muscular dystrophy, and his search for and partnership with the genetic scientist who studies the disease. The therapy is being developed with the goal of clinical trials.

New research shows how to make effective political arguments, sociologist says Posted: 12 Oct 2015 12:41 PM PDT In today's American politics, it might seem impossible to craft effective political messages that reach across the aisle on hot-button issues like same-sex marriage, national health insurance and military spending. But, based on new research, there's a way to craft messages that could lead to politicians finding common ground.

3D printed fetal head helps manage care for baby with life-threatening airway mass Posted: 12 Oct 2015 12:41 PM PDT Conan Thompson becomes first baby to have a 3D printed model made of his face while still in the womb to help doctors determine whether he would need a lifesaving procedure at birth.

Cardiac patients receive comparable care from physicians, advanced practice providers Posted: 12 Oct 2015 12:35 PM PDT Patients with coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation receive comparable outpatient care from physicians and advanced practice providers -- physician assistants and nurse practitioners -- although all clinicians fell short in meeting performance measures, according to a study.

The savory secrets of baked bread Posted: 12 Oct 2015 11:14 AM PDT For all our love of the simple slice of bread, we don't have a solid understanding of much of the science behind squishy dough, like the interplay between a dough's microstructure and its rheology -- the way in which it deforms and flows. Understanding this science would help bakers improve bread recipes intended for ovens both big and small. Researchers can describe how gluten and starch affect the overall dough behavior, as well as the optimal amount of glucose oxidase enzyme to use to enhance bread-making performance.

Researchers seek ways to keep pathogens, pests from traveling with grain Posted: 12 Oct 2015 10:24 AM PDT Researchers have evaluated how wheat moved along rail networks in the United States and Australia. Through their analysis, they identified U.S. states that are particularly important for sampling and managing insect and fungal problems as they move through the networks. The new knowledge could help make the food supply safer and save farmers hundreds of millions of dollars annually.

Mama or Dada? Research looks at what words are easiest for kids to learn Posted: 12 Oct 2015 10:24 AM PDT New research delves into how children build their vocabularies and what words are easiest for them to learn. The scientists worked with 32 children who were all 2 years old, studying their word development by testing their existing knowledge through a computer program that shows images on a screen of items that are likely familiar to toddlers. Since 2 year olds are not always communicative, they also employed eye tracking technology to see which images the children recognized when tested.

Turncoat protein regulates sensitivity of breast cancer cells to drug Posted: 12 Oct 2015 10:22 AM PDT A surprising, paradoxical relationship between a tumor suppressor molecule and an oncogene may be the key to explaining and working around how breast cancer tumor cells become desensitized to a common cancer drug.

First comprehensive profile of non-protein-coding RNAs in human cancers Posted: 12 Oct 2015 10:22 AM PDT 70 percent of the genome is made into non-coding RNA, but most studies of genomic alterations in cancer have focused on the miniscule portion of the human genome that encodes protein. An international team has mined these RNA sequences more fully to identify non-protein-coding segments whose expression is linked to 13 different types of cancer.

Hidden brain pathways crucial to communication Posted: 12 Oct 2015 09:32 AM PDT Being able to understand speech is essential to our evolution as humans. Hearing lets us perceive the same word even when spoken at different speeds or pitches, and also gives us extra sensitivity to unexpected sounds. Now, new studies clarify how these two crucial features of audition are managed by the brain.

Chemistry controls magnetism Posted: 12 Oct 2015 09:28 AM PDT Magnets are well-known from the physics lessons at school, but they are hardly covered in chemistry lectures; and it is still a chemical process by means of which researchers have succeeded in controlling magnetic properties in bulk ferromagnets. While physical processes may influence the orientation of the magnetic fields, the chemical process in this case controls magnetism in carefully chosen strongly ferromagnetic material systems. The working principle used in this case is similar to the concept of lithium-ion batteries.

New optoelectronic probe enables communication with neural microcircuits Posted: 12 Oct 2015 08:57 AM PDT The burgeoning field of optogenetics makes it possible for scientists to control brain activity using pulses of light. Now, researchers have developed an optoelectronic device which opens the possibility of bidirectional communication with the brain. The new technology enables stimulation of neural microcircuits with millisecond precision according to predescribed space-time maps while monitoring changes in neural activity across the targeted microcircuits.

Melting of Antarctic ice shelves set to intensify Posted: 12 Oct 2015 08:57 AM PDT New research projects a doubling of surface melting of Antarctic ice shelves by 2050 and that by 2100 melting may surpass intensities associated with ice shelf collapse, if greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel consumption continue at the present rate.

Prostate cells undergo 'reprogramming' to form tumors, study finds Posted: 12 Oct 2015 08:57 AM PDT Researchers link early prostate cancer to alterations in a program controlled by a 'master regulator' of cell growth. These epigenetic changes point to new avenues for preventing and treating prostate cancer.

Study examines concussion-like symptom reporting in uninjured athletes Posted: 12 Oct 2015 08:57 AM PDT Uninjured athletes reported concussion-like symptoms in a new study that suggests symptom reporting in the absence of recent concussion is related to male or female sex and preexisting conditions, which can include prior treatment for a psychiatric condition or substance abuse, according to a new article.

Key differences in brain activity in people with anorexia nervosa revealed by study Posted: 12 Oct 2015 08:56 AM PDT When people with anorexia nervosa decide what to eat, they engage a part of the brain associated with habitual behavior. These findings open up entirely new avenues for treatment development and understanding of disease mechanisms, say the researchers.

Establishment of systems metabolic engineering strategies to develop microbial strains Posted: 12 Oct 2015 08:56 AM PDT Ten general strategies of systems metabolic engineering have been proposed by experts to successfully develop industrial microbial strains.

Radboud radio telescope to travel with Stratos II+ rocket again Posted: 12 Oct 2015 07:16 AM PDT Stratos II+, a rocket built entirely by students of Delft University of Technology, will be launched again on Wednesday October 14. The first attempt in 2014 unfortunately failed due to technical problems. The rocket will hold an antenna to intercept radio signals below 30 MegaHertz and a digital receiver. The payload from Nijmegen is part of a preparatory programme for a radio telescope on the moon. Such a telescope would, for the first time, enable researchers to measure radiation generated shortly after the Big Bang.

Not in my backyard: Extreme weather perceptions in your neighborhood and beyond Posted: 12 Oct 2015 06:49 AM PDT Would you consider your perceptions of extreme weather to be dependent on where you live, how much you earn or your political views? There is a case to suggest that the social, economic or political background of an individual affects the way that you deal with, and acknowledge, the effects of extreme weather in both your neighborhood and on a national level in the USA.

2015 Nobel Prize in Economics Posted: 12 Oct 2015 05:50 AM PDT The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel for 2015 to Angus Deaton Princeton University "for his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare."

Women: A longer break from work leads to less interest in a career Posted: 12 Oct 2015 05:42 AM PDT Family policy influences not only families' economic behavior, but also sends out clear normative signals on which people base their individual life plans: The longer a mother takes a break from work after the birth of a child, the more she loses interest in her own career, authors say.

Allergic asthma: Key molecule identified Posted: 12 Oct 2015 05:42 AM PDT Allergies are becoming more commonplace, particularly in industrialized countries. In addition to hay fever, allergic asthma is currently considered to be one of the most widespread allergies. Researchers have recently been successful in finding a protein that plays a critical role in the development of allergic airway inflammation. The discovery could pave the way for new therapies, as it also influences the progression of the allergy.

Why being single is much more than handling just loneliness Posted: 12 Oct 2015 05:42 AM PDT With 51% of Britain's population registered as unmarried, half of adult Americans currently unattached, and over half of the households in Paris, the city of love, made up by only-ones, having no significant other seems to be today's latest trend. Yet the world isn't quite the singles' oyster; when it comes to being single, society is still lagging behind, suggests a new study.

Beauty patch is applicable from skincare to medical patches Posted: 12 Oct 2015 05:40 AM PDT Scientists have analyzed the effectiveness of its beauty patch, using a technique for imaging live tissue to demonstrate the patch's beneficial effects on the skin. Preliminary results show that already after two weeks usage the patch together with cosmetic serum adds collagen, which helps skin tissue to stay supple.

Precision injections of Botox into migraine Posted: 12 Oct 2015 05:40 AM PDT Researchers are using a high-precision instrument to inject toxins that alleviate migraine attacks. This means even better needle guidance and user-friendliness.

Fruit fly pheromone flags great real estate for starting a family Posted: 12 Oct 2015 05:38 AM PDT In what they say was a lucky and unexpected finding, researchers say they've discovered that male fruit flies lay down an odorant, or pheromone, that not only attracts females to lay eggs nearby, but also guides males and females searching for food. The discovery, they say, offers clues about how flies, and probably other creatures, navigate complex environments and use odors to guide important behavioral decisions.

'Nanohoops' could energize future devices Posted: 12 Oct 2015 05:38 AM PDT When scientists began making tiny organic circular structures using carbon atoms, the idea was to improve carbon nanotubes for use in electronics or optical devices. Now they believe this technique might roll solo. Researchers now show that these cycloparaphenylenes can be made using a variety of atoms, not just those from carbon.

'Beeting' high altitude symptoms with beet juice Posted: 12 Oct 2015 05:38 AM PDT One sign of successful acclimatization to altitude is that the blood vessels are able to deliver enough oxygen throughout the body. But normal blood vessel function depends on the body's ability to naturally produce a compound called nitric oxide. Drinking nitrate-rich beet juice helps improve blood vessel function at altitude by giving the body alternative building blocks to make nitric oxide.

Genes linked with malaria's virulence shared by apes, humans Posted: 12 Oct 2015 05:38 AM PDT The malaria parasite molecules associated with severe disease and death have been shown to share key gene segments with chimp and gorilla malaria parasites, which are separated by several millions of years, according to a new study. This new information could aid in basic understanding of the causes of malaria and provide targets for drugs and vaccines.

Supercoiled DNA is far more dynamic than the 'Watson-Crick' double helix Posted: 12 Oct 2015 05:38 AM PDT Researchers have imaged in unprecedented detail the three-dimensional structure of supercoiled DNA, revealing that its shape is much more dynamic than the well-known double helix.

Lithium safe, effective for children with bipolar disorder, study suggests Posted: 12 Oct 2015 05:37 AM PDT A multicenter study of young patients with bipolar disorder provides what may be the most scientifically rigorous demonstration to date that lithium -- a drug used successfully for decades to treat adults with the condition -- can also be safe and effective for children suffering from it.

Dielectric film has refractive index close to air Posted: 12 Oct 2015 05:37 AM PDT Researchers have developed a dielectric film that has optical and electrical properties similar to air, but is strong enough to be incorporated into electronic and photonic devices -- making them both more efficient and more mechanically stable.

Children born in the summer more likely to be healthy adults Posted: 12 Oct 2015 05:37 AM PDT Women who were born in the summer are more likely to be healthy adults, suggests new research. The authors of the study, which involved almost half a million people in the UK, say more sunlight -- and therefore higher vitamin D exposure -- in the second trimester of pregnancy could explain the effect, but more research is needed.

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