ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Researchers open 'Golden Window' in deep brain imaging
• Ant colony responds to predation simulation as a 'superorganism'
• New 'short-crested lizard' found in Montana
• Angina is linked with abnormal heart blood flow in patients with female-pattern heart disease
• Adults with OCD can benefit from exposure therapy when common drug treatment options fail, study finds
• Scientists identify genetic factors that influence body weight and neurological disorders
• Nanopores could take the salt out of seawater
• Focusing on user habits key to preventing email phishing, according to research
• Global health team pioneers development of a new antimalarial drug screening model
• Dendrimer technology gets a grip on cell proteins, could improve cancer treatment
• Zooplankton: Not-so-passive motion in turbulence
• Scientists unravel brain circuits involved in cravings
• Plate tectonics thanks to plumes?
• Ancient stars at the center of the galaxy contain 'fingerprints' from the early universe
• Early farmers exploited beehive products at least 8,500 years ago
• Astronomers eager to get a whiff of newfound Venus-like planet
• Social media offers neuroscientists a treasure trove of research material
• Affordable Care Act architect: What is role of radiology in transformed health care system?
• Predicting earthquakes: Titan takes on the big one
• Doctors, relatives often see patients' wishes differently
• Researchers detail how to control shape, structure of DNA, RNA
• Protein-RNA structure hints at how viruses commandeer human proteins
• Sexually transmitted infection affecting up to one percent of the population aged 16-44 in the UK
• Idea of slow climate change in Earth's past misleading
• Simple errors limit scientific scrutiny
• Discovery of a new confinement state for plasma
• Study cites gap between theory and practice in natural resource management
• Microbes map path toward renewable energy future
• Contact, connect and fuse: An ultra-structural view of the muscle formation process
• Improving safety, decreasing risks of new blood thinners
• Hospital readmission common after emergency general surgery
• Previous oral contraceptive use associated with better outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer, study finds
• New online tool created to tackle complications of pregnancy, childbirth
• Grow kids' brains through sport
• So long, stethoscope? New device, smartphone alter exams
• Molecular immunity from microbes
• Research to 'save the most valuable silk moth in the world'
• Asteroid ripped apart to form star's glowing ring system
• The secret to safe DNA repair
• Single tooth analysis of oldest-known plant-visiting bat fossil suggests it was omnivorous
• World first blood cancer drug trial reveals life-changing results
• Australia and New Zealand look at EU innovation model for help in fight against climate change
• Preventing radiation in cancer therapies to damage healthy organs
• Intellectual disabilities share disease mechanisms, study suggests
• Computer model reveals deadly route of Ebola outbreak
• Intensive farming link to bovine TB
• First-in-class investigational therapeutic shows early promise for lymphoma patients
• Medical marijuana should be held to same standard as other drugs, pharmacist says
• Emotionally supportive relationships linked to lower testosterone
• Wrist fractures could predict susceptibility to serious fractures in postmenopausal women
• Breakthrough in superconducting materials opens new path to fusion
• Research links tundra fires, thawing permafrost
• Changing habits to improve health: New study indicates behavior changes work
• Scientists date the origin of the cacao tree to 10 million years ago
• Eliminating fungi that attack produce with oregano and eucalyptus oil
• Taste perception is influenced by extreme noise conditions

Researchers open 'Golden Window' in deep brain imaging Posted: 11 Nov 2015 02:21 PM PST The neuroscience community is saluting the creation of a 'Golden Window' for deep brain imaging. This is a first for brain imaging, explain the authors of a new report on the topic.

Ant colony responds to predation simulation as a 'superorganism' Posted: 11 Nov 2015 02:07 PM PST Ants may respond to disturbances in their nest as one highly organized 'superorganism', according to a new study.

New 'short-crested lizard' found in Montana Posted: 11 Nov 2015 02:07 PM PST The newly described Probrachylophosaurus bergei, a member of the Brachylophosaurini clade of dinosaurs, has a small flat triangular bony crest extending over the skull and may represent the transition between a non-crested ancestor, such as Acristavus, and the larger crests of adult Brachylophosaurus, according to a new study.

Angina is linked with abnormal heart blood flow in patients with female-pattern heart disease Posted: 11 Nov 2015 01:58 PM PST Chest pain in female-pattern heart disease is linked with abnormal heart blood flow, demonstrated with a drug commonly used to alleviate chest pain patients with coronary artery disease, which was found to be ineffective in patients with moderate female-pattern heart disease, but may offer some relief for sicker patients, a new study shows. The study's results were presented today as a late-breaking trial at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions in Orlando.

Adults with OCD can benefit from exposure therapy when common drug treatment options fail, study finds Posted: 11 Nov 2015 01:58 PM PST Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) can improve their symptoms significantly by adding exposure and response prevention therapy to their treatment regimen when common drug treatment options have failed, according to new research from psychiatrists.

Scientists identify genetic factors that influence body weight and neurological disorders Posted: 11 Nov 2015 01:54 PM PST Genetic factors that influence motor performance and body weight in a genetically diverse group of mice have been identified in a new study. The researchers also found the genes identified in the mice overlap significantly with genes related to neurological disorders and obesity in people.

Nanopores could take the salt out of seawater Posted: 11 Nov 2015 01:53 PM PST Engineers have found an energy-efficient material for removing salt from seawater that could provide a rebuttal to poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge's lament, 'Water, water, every where, nor any drop to drink.'

Focusing on user habits key to preventing email phishing, according to research Posted: 11 Nov 2015 01:53 PM PST The cumulative number of successful phishing cyberattacks has risen sharply over the last decade, and in 2014 that figure surged past the total US population. To date, about 400 million breaches have yielded hackers some kind of personal information, according an expert in cyber deception.

Global health team pioneers development of a new antimalarial drug screening model Posted: 11 Nov 2015 01:53 PM PST A new screening model to classify antimalarial drugs and to identify drug targets for the most lethal strain of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, has been developed and presented by a group of scientists.

Dendrimer technology gets a grip on cell proteins, could improve cancer treatment Posted: 11 Nov 2015 11:32 AM PST Researchers have devised a way to capture the finer details of complex cell processes by using tiny synthetic particles known as dendrimers, a technology that could lead to more targeted treatment for cancer.

Zooplankton: Not-so-passive motion in turbulence Posted: 11 Nov 2015 11:32 AM PST Imagine a species that is only one millimetre long and has only a limited swimming ability. Yet, its mobility is sufficient for moving, feeding and reproducing in freshwater and seawater. That's exactly what a type of zooplankton of the crustaceans family -- namely the calanoid copepods -- does. In a study, physicists shed new light on how these zooplankton steer large-scale collective motion under strong turbulence.

Scientists unravel brain circuits involved in cravings Posted: 11 Nov 2015 11:32 AM PST Researchers studying rats have discovered that activation of designer neural receptors can suppress cravings in a brain region involved in triggering those cravings. The study is the first to systematically show how designer brain receptors and designer drugs work together to change how cues for food stimulate motivation.

Plate tectonics thanks to plumes? Posted: 11 Nov 2015 11:32 AM PST It is common knowledge that the Earth's rigid upper layer called lithosphere is composed of moving plates. But just what mechanism first set plate tectonics into motion still remains a mystery. Scientists have now come up with one possible answer by using simulations.

Ancient stars at the center of the galaxy contain 'fingerprints' from the early universe Posted: 11 Nov 2015 11:31 AM PST Astronomers have discovered some of the oldest stars in the galaxy, whose chemical composition and movements could tell us what the universe was like soon after the Big Bang.

Early farmers exploited beehive products at least 8,500 years ago Posted: 11 Nov 2015 11:31 AM PST Humans have been exploiting bees as far back as the Stone Age, according to new research.

Astronomers eager to get a whiff of newfound Venus-like planet Posted: 11 Nov 2015 11:31 AM PST The collection of rocky planets orbiting distant stars has just grown by one, and the latest discovery is the most intriguing one to date. The newfound world, although hot as an oven, is cool enough to potentially host an atmosphere. If it does, it's close enough (only 39 light-years away) that we could study that atmosphere in detail with the Hubble Space Telescope and future observatories like the Giant Magellan Telescope.

Social media offers neuroscientists a treasure trove of research material Posted: 11 Nov 2015 11:31 AM PST Because social media is used so pervasively in modern society to tap into people's behaviors and thoughts, neuroscientists are finding Facebook, Twitter, and other platforms to be very useful tools in a broad range of research areas. A review describes some of the approaches that neuroscientists can use to gain valuable insights from social media and highlights some of the questions that might be answered by social media-based studies.

Affordable Care Act architect: What is role of radiology in transformed health care system? Posted: 11 Nov 2015 08:53 AM PST A former White House adviser who helped devise the Affordable Care Act (ACA), will provide advice for radiologists on how to adapt to the new health care environment, including responding to downward price pressure and focusing on patients with chronic conditions.

Predicting earthquakes: Titan takes on the big one Posted: 11 Nov 2015 08:53 AM PST A research team is using the Titan supercomputer to develop physics-based earthquake simulations to better understand earthquake systems, including the potential seismic hazards from known faults and the impact of strong ground motions on urban areas.

Doctors, relatives often see patients' wishes differently Posted: 11 Nov 2015 08:50 AM PST If a patient is no longer able to communicate personally how he or she would like to be treated, doctors and relatives consult an advance directive, if one is available. However, doctors and relatives often interpret patients' written wishes in different ways, as researchers explain in a new report.

Researchers detail how to control shape, structure of DNA, RNA Posted: 11 Nov 2015 08:50 AM PST Materials science researchers have used computational modelling to shed light on precisely how charged gold nanoparticles influence the structure of DNA and RNA -- which may lead to new techniques for manipulating these genetic materials.

Protein-RNA structure hints at how viruses commandeer human proteins Posted: 11 Nov 2015 08:50 AM PST Researchers have produced the first image of an important human protein as it binds with ribonucleic acid (RNA), a discovery that could offer clues to how some viruses, including HIV, control expression of their genetic material. That information could lead to new strategies to block viruses from replicating, thereby limiting or halting infection.

Sexually transmitted infection affecting up to one percent of the population aged 16-44 in the UK Posted: 11 Nov 2015 08:50 AM PST A new study strengthens growing evidence that Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Prevalence was much higher in those who had reported more than four sexual partners in the past year -- 5.2% in men and 3.1% in women. Absence of the infection in over 200 16-17 year olds who had not had vaginal, anal, or oral sex provided further evidence that MG is transmitted sexually.

Idea of slow climate change in Earth's past misleading Posted: 11 Nov 2015 08:50 AM PST Climate change is progressing rapidly. It is not the first time in our planet's history that temperatures have been rising, but it is happening much faster now than it ever has before. Or is it? Researchers have shown that the temperature changes millions of years ago probably happened no more slowly than they are happening today.

Simple errors limit scientific scrutiny Posted: 11 Nov 2015 08:48 AM PST Researchers have found more than half of the public datasets provided with scientific papers are incomplete, which prevents reproducibility tests and follow-up studies. However, slight improvements to research practices could make a big difference.

Discovery of a new confinement state for plasma Posted: 11 Nov 2015 08:48 AM PST Seeking to achieve fusion energy, research on high-temperature and high-density plasma confinement by magnetic fields is being conducted around the world. In a magnetically confined plasma, as the core temperature of the plasma increases, the flow of disturbed plasma called turbulence emerges. Turbulence does not stop at the place of its generation, and moves circumferentially like a surge of waves, scientists report.

Study cites gap between theory and practice in natural resource management Posted: 11 Nov 2015 08:48 AM PST Natural resource agencies have embraced an approach known as adaptive management to adjust and refine their management plans in the face of uncertainties. But a study finds agencies often apply adaptive management in ways that fail to promote learning, an approach the authors call 'AM Lite.'

Microbes map path toward renewable energy future Posted: 11 Nov 2015 08:48 AM PST In the quest for renewable fuels, scientists are taking lessons from a humble bacterium that fills our oceans and covers moist surfaces the world over. Cyanothece 51142, a type of bacteria also called blue-green algae, produces hydrogen in robust fashion, and scientists have found that it taps into an unexpected source of energy to do so.

Contact, connect and fuse: An ultra-structural view of the muscle formation process Posted: 11 Nov 2015 08:48 AM PST New work describes the steps and processes governing myoblast fusion with muscle fibres during the formation of flight muscles in Drosophila. The developmental program of these flight muscles and their muscle fibre organization resemble key aspects of vertebrate skeletal myogenesis. Therefore, this study is likely to contribute to our knowledge of myogenesis in vertebrate skeletal muscles.

Improving safety, decreasing risks of new blood thinners Posted: 11 Nov 2015 08:48 AM PST By reversing the effects of the blood thinners apixaban and rivaroxaban within minutes, this new antidote may help to save the lives of patients taking blood thinners that experience major bleeding complications.

Hospital readmission common after emergency general surgery Posted: 11 Nov 2015 08:48 AM PST A study of patients who underwent an emergency general surgery procedure found that hospital readmission was common and varied widely depending on patient factors and diagnosis, according to a study.

Previous oral contraceptive use associated with better outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer, study finds Posted: 11 Nov 2015 06:26 AM PST Patients who develop ovarian cancer appear to have better outcomes if they have a history of oral contraceptive use, according to a study.

New online tool created to tackle complications of pregnancy, childbirth Posted: 11 Nov 2015 06:26 AM PST An interdisciplinary team of biologists and medical researchers has created a new platform, which they call GEneSTATION specifically designed to leverage the growing knowledge of human genomics and evolution to advance scientific understanding of human pregnancy and translate it into new treatments for the problems that occur when this complex process goes awry.

Grow kids' brains through sport Posted: 11 Nov 2015 06:25 AM PST Organized extracurricular sport activities for children help them develop and improve cognitive skills, such as greater concentration capacity, that can in term greatly help them in the classroom, suggests a researcher.

So long, stethoscope? New device, smartphone alter exams Posted: 11 Nov 2015 06:24 AM PST A smartphone-based device known as HeartBuds performed just as well as traditional stethoscopes and better than a disposable model in identifying heart murmurs and other vital sounds during patient exams.

Molecular immunity from microbes Posted: 11 Nov 2015 05:56 AM PST A new molecular biology tool derived from a bacterial defense system has been used for the first time to demonstrate a novel way to protect plants against viral pathogens.

Research to 'save the most valuable silk moth in the world' Posted: 11 Nov 2015 05:56 AM PST Scientists have identified potential treatment for diseased caterpillars, including the development of bacteriophages with the aim to save Muga silk trade. Among silk moths, Muga silk is one of rarest and most valuable in the world. The silk moth caterpillars are susceptible to bacterial infection that is hard to treat.

Asteroid ripped apart to form star's glowing ring system Posted: 11 Nov 2015 05:49 AM PST The sight of an asteroid being ripped apart by a dead star and forming a glowing debris ring has been captured in an image for the first time.Comprised of dust particles and debris, the rings are formed by the star's gravity tearing apart asteroids that came too close.Gas produced by collisions among the debris within the ring is illuminated by ultraviolet rays from the star, causing it to emit a dark red glow.

The secret to safe DNA repair Posted: 11 Nov 2015 02:56 AM PST New research is shedding important light on the DNA repair process and a protein newly discovered to have an essential role in preventing errors and mutations from occurring.

Single tooth analysis of oldest-known plant-visiting bat fossil suggests it was omnivorous Posted: 11 Nov 2015 02:56 AM PST Evolutionary biologists have discovered that the oldest known nectar-drinking bat fossil, Palynephyllum antimaster, was probably omnivorous.

World first blood cancer drug trial reveals life-changing results Posted: 11 Nov 2015 02:56 AM PST A breakthrough has been achieved with the results of the world-first clinical trial with actual patients of a new drug to treat particular blood cancers. This clinical trial, a first-in-human study, looked at the efficacy of a new inhibitor, ONO/GS-4059, in the treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma patients refractory or resistant to current chemotherapies.

Australia and New Zealand look at EU innovation model for help in fight against climate change Posted: 11 Nov 2015 02:55 AM PST Ideas are the oxygen of growth in the zero carbon economy, and organizations need to be fed with these big, scalable, commercially-viable ideas to be able to address climate change. Experts have been doing this so successfully, that some in Australia and New Zealand are now keen to set up their own version.

Preventing radiation in cancer therapies to damage healthy organs Posted: 11 Nov 2015 02:55 AM PST When a person receives a cancer treatment through radiation, he or she is exposed to ionizing radiation and to avoid that energy to damage healthy tissue. A new study looked at the properties of various materials called dosimeters that measure radiation doses.

Intellectual disabilities share disease mechanisms, study suggests Posted: 11 Nov 2015 02:53 AM PST Brain disorders that cause intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders may share common defects despite having different genetic causes, a new study has found. The findings suggest that different types of intellectual disabilities may benefit from common therapeutic approaches, the researchers say.

Computer model reveals deadly route of Ebola outbreak Posted: 11 Nov 2015 02:53 AM PST A research team has mapped the spread of the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone, providing the most detailed picture to date on the disease spread and identifying two critical opportunities to control the epidemic. The novel statistical method gives health authorities a new tool to plan interventions to contain future outbreaks in real time, and not just of Ebola.

Intensive farming link to bovine TB Posted: 11 Nov 2015 02:53 AM PST Intensive farming practices such as larger herd size, maize growth, fewer hedgerows and the use of silage have been linked to higher risk of bovine TB, new research has concluded.

First-in-class investigational therapeutic shows early promise for lymphoma patients Posted: 11 Nov 2015 02:53 AM PST Results from a phase I clinical trial showed that the first-in-class, investigational, anticancer therapeutic pevonedistat was safe, tolerable, and had some anticancer activity in heavily pretreated patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma.

Medical marijuana should be held to same standard as other drugs, pharmacist says Posted: 10 Nov 2015 02:16 PM PST Medical marijuana needs to be studied like any other drug. No one is opposed to the active ingredients in it, but we need to have some data. That is what we would expect from any other drug, an expert says.

Emotionally supportive relationships linked to lower testosterone Posted: 10 Nov 2015 02:14 PM PST Science and folklore alike have long suggested that high levels of testosterone can facilitate the sorts of attitudes and behavior that make for, well, a less than ideal male parent. A new study focuses on a large, representative sample of aging U.S. men and the ways their testosterone varies when they have emotionally supportive relationships.

Wrist fractures could predict susceptibility to serious fractures in postmenopausal women Posted: 10 Nov 2015 02:13 PM PST Postmenopausal women younger than age 65 who experienced a wrist fracture could be at increased risk for bone fractures in other parts of their bodies later in life, new research concludes.

Breakthrough in superconducting materials opens new path to fusion Posted: 10 Nov 2015 02:12 PM PST The emergence of high-temperature superconductors that can also operate at high magnetic fields opens a new, lower-cost path to fusion energy.

Research links tundra fires, thawing permafrost Posted: 10 Nov 2015 02:12 PM PST Wildfires on Arctic tundra can contribute to widespread permafrost thaw much like blazes in forested areas, according to a study. The connection between wildfires and permafrost loss is better documented in boreal forests, where burns are relatively common. Tundra fires are less common, so their effects have not been studied as extensively.

Changing habits to improve health: New study indicates behavior changes work Posted: 10 Nov 2015 02:09 PM PST Improving your heart health may be as simple as making small behavioral changes. A new study of behavioral health interventions suggests that they are effective at helping people alter their lifestyles and lead to physical changes that could improve overall health.

Scientists date the origin of the cacao tree to 10 million years ago Posted: 10 Nov 2015 02:09 PM PST Cacao trees evolved around 10 million years ago, earlier than previously believed, new research shows. Considerable genetic variation might remain to be discovered among wild cacao populations, which could be crossbred with cultivated cacao for greater resistance to disease and climate change, and possibly new flavors.

Eliminating fungi that attack produce with oregano and eucalyptus oil Posted: 10 Nov 2015 11:49 AM PST Researchers have demonstrated the anti-fungal in vitro activity of the essential oil of oregano and eucalyptus in a vapor phase, which have already proven effective in controlling fungi which cause diseases in fruits and vegetables.

Taste perception is influenced by extreme noise conditions Posted: 10 Nov 2015 11:48 AM PST Scientists examined the influence of the extreme noise conditions encountered during flight on the five basic tastes. They found that noise condition had no influence on intensity ratings for salty, bitter, and sour tastes. However, taste intensity was suppressed for sweet solutions at all concentration levels, and enhanced for umami solutions at higher concentrations, in the air cabin noise condition.

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