ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Fast, accurate DNA sequencing through graphene nanopore
• Researchers study hospital readmissions from post-acute care facilities
• Researchers identify process that causes chronic neonatal lung disease
• Less physically mature ice hockey players have prolonged concussion symptoms
• Bone marrow lesions can help predict rapidly progressing joint disease
• Patient involvement could improve medicines, research and development
• Link between obesity, increased risk of colorectal cancer revealed
• How bacterial communication 'goes with the flow' in causing infection, blockage
• Low blood levels of bicarbonate linked to earlier death in healthy older adults
• New research on preventing fall asthma exacerbations
• E-cigarettes, as used, aren't helping smokers quit, study shows
• Breast cancer study suggests new potential drug targets and combinations
• New blood test may expand scope of liquid biopsies
• Drug 'cocktail' could restore vision in optic nerve injury
• Brain waves could help predict how we respond to general anesthetics
• How the cell's power station survives attacks
• Trio of autism-linked molecules orchestrate neuron connections
• Studying 'inflamm-aging': Monocytes, cytokines, and susceptibility to pneumonia
• Understanding Alzheimer's disease
• Immunotherapy for Epstein-Barr related lymphomas
• New tool may help predict patients' motor function recovery after stroke
• Mothers' comments linked to eating disorders in Asian young adults

Fast, accurate DNA sequencing through graphene nanopore Posted: 15 Jan 2016 11:01 AM PST A new concept has been developed for rapid, accurate gene sequencing by pulling a DNA molecule through a tiny, chemically activated hole in graphene -- an ultrathin sheet of carbon atoms -- and detecting changes in electrical current.

Researchers study hospital readmissions from post-acute care facilities Posted: 15 Jan 2016 11:01 AM PST Better coordination between hospitals and post-acute care facilities could reduce patient readmission to hospitals and mortality rates, according to a new study of risk factors. In a review of more than 3,200 hospitalizations followed by stays in post-acute care facilities, the researchers found specific risk factors that may contribute to the need for readmission to the hospital.

Researchers identify process that causes chronic neonatal lung disease Posted: 15 Jan 2016 11:01 AM PST A key component of the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a devastating and sometimes fatal lung disease that affects premature infants, has been uncovered by researchers.

Less physically mature ice hockey players have prolonged concussion symptoms Posted: 15 Jan 2016 07:08 AM PST Male student ice hockey players in earlier pubertal stages had a significantly increased risk of prolonged symptoms from concussion compared with advanced pubertal and postpubescent players, new research indicates.

Bone marrow lesions can help predict rapidly progressing joint disease Posted: 15 Jan 2016 05:53 AM PST A new study shows lesions, which can best be seen on MRI scans, could help identify individuals who are more likely to suffer from more rapidly progressing osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis in the UK and can cause the joints to become painful and stiff. Almost any joint can be affected, but it most often causes problems in the knees, hips, and small joints of the hands. It can progress at varying speeds.

Patient involvement could improve medicines, research and development Posted: 15 Jan 2016 05:53 AM PST A new study has revealed a belief among pharmaceutical industry personnel that greater involvement of patients and the public could improve medicines research and development (R&D).

Link between obesity, increased risk of colorectal cancer revealed Posted: 15 Jan 2016 05:48 AM PST The culprit for the link between obesity and colorectal cancer is excess calories, say scientists, but risk can be reversed through lifestyle modification or, potentially, use of an approved drug, a new report suggests.

How bacterial communication 'goes with the flow' in causing infection, blockage Posted: 14 Jan 2016 06:42 PM PST The destructive ability of bacteria to organize an infection or block pathways such as intestines, medical stents and wastewater pipes relies on communication with one another, report scientists.

Low blood levels of bicarbonate linked to earlier death in healthy older adults Posted: 14 Jan 2016 06:40 PM PST Generally healthy older individuals with normal or high bicarbonate levels in the blood had a similar risk of dying during follow-up, but patients with low bicarbonate had a 24% increased risk compared with these groups, investigators report at the conclusion of a recent study.

New research on preventing fall asthma exacerbations Posted: 14 Jan 2016 06:24 PM PST Researchers are studying new approaches to reducing fall asthma exacerbations, with a focus on new approaches to reducing fall asthma exacerbations in pediatric patients.

E-cigarettes, as used, aren't helping smokers quit, study shows Posted: 14 Jan 2016 01:25 PM PST Electronic cigarettes are widely promoted and used to help smokers quit traditional cigarettes, but a new analysis found that adult smokers who use e-cigarettes are actually 28 percent less likely to stop smoking cigarettes.

Breast cancer study suggests new potential drug targets and combinations Posted: 14 Jan 2016 01:25 PM PST The largest analysis of breast cancer cell function to date suggests dozens of new uses for existing drugs, new targets for drug discovery, and new drug combinations.

New blood test may expand scope of liquid biopsies Posted: 14 Jan 2016 01:20 PM PST A new approach to liquid biopsies may overcome limitations of current blood tests to diagnose and monitor cancers, birth defects, organ transplants and autoimmune disorders. The method relies on analyzing fragmentation patterns in the cell-free DNA in an individual, and comparing them to what might be expected for cell death associated with various medical or physiological conditions. For some types of cancers, researchers could identify the anatomical source of the tumor, which could aid in diagnosing metastatic cancers whose origin is unknown.

Drug 'cocktail' could restore vision in optic nerve injury Posted: 14 Jan 2016 01:20 PM PST Research suggests the possibility of restoring at least some visual function in people blinded by optic nerve damage from glaucoma, estimated to affect more than 4 million Americans, or from trauma.

Brain waves could help predict how we respond to general anesthetics Posted: 14 Jan 2016 01:20 PM PST The complex pattern of 'chatter' between different areas of an individual's brain while they are awake could help doctors better track and even predict their response to general anesthesia -- and better identify the amount of anesthetic necessary -- according to new research.

How the cell's power station survives attacks Posted: 14 Jan 2016 12:23 PM PST Mitochondria, the power generators in our cells, are essential for life. When they are under attack -- from poisons, environmental stress or genetic mutations -- cells wrench these power stations apart, strip out the damaged pieces and reassemble them into usable mitochondria. Now, scientists have uncovered an unexpected way in which cells trigger this critical response to threats, offering insight into disorders such as mitochondrial disease, cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative disease.

Trio of autism-linked molecules orchestrate neuron connections Posted: 14 Jan 2016 12:23 PM PST Researchers have revealed how three proteins work in concert to wire up a specific area of the developing brain that is responsible for processing visual information. The findings may also lend insight into brain disorders including autism, depression and addiction.

Studying 'inflamm-aging': Monocytes, cytokines, and susceptibility to pneumonia Posted: 14 Jan 2016 12:23 PM PST The chronic state of low-level inflammation seen in many elderly individuals (sometimes called 'inflamm-aging'), is associated with diseases such as cardiovascular disease and dementia, as well as susceptibility to infections, especially pneumonia. A new study reveals a crucial role of monocytes in the immune system changes that occur with age, and may help explain why older people are more susceptible to pneumonia.

Understanding Alzheimer's disease Posted: 14 Jan 2016 08:41 AM PST An aging specialist discusses 10 main signs of Alzheimer's disease and the importance of obtaining an early diagnosis. More than 5 million people in the United States have Alzheimer's disease, according to the Alzheimer's Association. Not only is Alzheimer's disease the sixth leading cause of death in the country, but it also currently cannot be prevented, cured or slowed.

Immunotherapy for Epstein-Barr related lymphomas Posted: 14 Jan 2016 08:40 AM PST Imagine that your immune system could be educated so that it was able to recognize specific diseases and then destroy them. Science fiction? Or perhaps futuristic? Not anymore.

New tool may help predict patients' motor function recovery after stroke Posted: 14 Jan 2016 08:40 AM PST Graph theoretical analysis is proving to be helpful in understanding complex networks in the brain. Investigators used a graph theoretical approach in examining the changes in the configuration of the two hemispheres of the brain in 12 patients after stroke. They found it helped understand the dynamic reorganization of both hemispheric networks in the brain and to predict recovery of motor function.

Mothers' comments linked to eating disorders in Asian young adults Posted: 14 Jan 2016 08:35 AM PST The study found that negative comments made by mothers had more impact on their children's self-image regardless of gender, in a culture where fathers are more authoritative and mothers more nurturing than in the West.

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