السبت، 30 يناير 2016

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

Discovered: How to unlock inaccessible genes

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 10:44 AM PST

The mechanism used by specialized enzymes to remodel the extremely condensed genetic material in the nucleus of cells in order to control which genes can be used has been discovered. The research reveals that some remodeller enzymes promote gene expression, some repress gene expression, and some can do both.

Attitude to aging can have a direct effect on health, researchers confirm

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 10:44 AM PST

Negative attitudes to aging affect physical and cognitive health in later years, confirm researchers. These latest findings have important implications for media, policymakers, practitioners and society more generally. Societal attitudes towards aging are predominantly negative. Everyone will grow older and if these attitudes persist they will continue to diminish quality of life.

First topical treatment for common benign skin lesions

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 10:44 AM PST

An investigation into the molecular mechanisms responsible for the most common type of benign skin lesion may lead to the first nonsurgical treatment for the growths called seborrheic keratoses, which in addition to being cosmetically unattractive are often worrisome to patients.

Good cosmetic outcomes, improved quality of life with full facial feminization surgery

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 10:43 AM PST

For patients with gender dysphoria undergoing male-to-female transformation, a stepwise approach to facial feminization surgery (FFS) leads to good cosmetic outcomes along with psychological, social, and functional benefits, according to a new study.

'Pop quiz' could help predict sexually transmitted infections in young women

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 10:43 AM PST

An online 'pop quiz' researchers developed in 2009 shows promising accuracy in predicting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in young women, although not, apparently, in young men.

Fat injection for breast reconstruction doesn't increase risk of recurrent breast cancer

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 10:31 AM PST

For women undergoing breast cancer surgery, a technique called lipofilling—using the patient's own fat cells to optimize the results of breast reconstruction—does not increase the risk of recurrent breast cancer, reports a new study.

The Harbingers of aging

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 10:19 AM PST

Researchers have detected age-dependent alterations in metabolism and gene regulation in middle-aged fruitflies, and show that these effects are linked to a reduction in lifespan, suggests a new report.

Neurogenesis: Discovery of a new regulatory mechanism

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 10:19 AM PST

A previously unknown mechanism has been discovered that is highly conserved between species and which regulates neurogenesis through precise temporal control of the activity of a family of proteins essential for brain development: the proneural proteins. This mechanism, a simple reversible chemical modification, is critical for the production of a sufficient number of neurons, their differentiation and the development of the nervous system.

From mother to child, passing on disease

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 10:16 AM PST

Researchers are reminding US doctors to watch for two vector-borne and potentially life-threatening diseases that can be passed from mother to child. Though Chagas disease and Leishmaniasis are generally found in other parts of the world, global travel and migration have made the US vulnerable.

Assessing stem cells: New biomarker developed

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 10:16 AM PST

A research team has found a way to assess the viability of 'manufactured' stem cells known as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The team's discovery offers a new way to fast-track screening methods used in stem cell research.

Users of cherry-flavored e-cigarettes may be exposed to higher levels of respiratory irritant

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 06:16 AM PST

An analysis of 145 different electronic-cigarette flavoring products reveals that many e-cigarette users may be exposed to a potentially harmful chemical, benzaldehyde. The highest concentrations were detected in vapor from cherry-flavored products.

Cholesterol levels improve with weight loss, healthy fat-rich diet

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 06:16 AM PST

Weight loss programs that provide healthy fats, such as olive oil in the Mediterranean diet, or a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet have similar impacts on pound-shedding, research shows. More specifically, the researchers report that a meal plan rich in walnuts, which are high in polyunsaturated fats, has a significant impact on lipid levels for women, especially those who are insulin-resistant.

United States has greater link between low birth weight, inequality, study shows

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 06:16 AM PST

New research found that while low birth weight was linked to lower income and education levels in four comparable countries, that connection was most persistent in the United States.

Obesity, diabetes in mom increases risk of autism in child

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 06:16 AM PST

Children born to obese women with diabetes are more than four times as likely to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder than children of healthy weight mothers without diabetes, new research suggests.

Super-sharp images through thin optical fibers

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 06:15 AM PST

Super-sharp images from within the human body made through tiny endoscopes have come a step closer to reality thanks to new research efforts. An advanced wavefront shaping method combined with unique optical fibers make it possible to focus lensless light at an unparalleled resolution.

Adjusting production processes in real time

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 06:15 AM PST

Industry 4.0 requires comprehensive data collection in order to control highly automated process sequences in complex production environments. One example is the cultivation of living cells. But digitalizing and networking biotech production equipment is a huge challenge: relevant standards have yet to be established, and biology has a dynamic all its own. Using fully automated equipment for producing stem cells, researchers have managed to adjust the process control to cell growth – delivering an adaptive system that is suitable for use in a number of sectors.

Most uninsured Texans say cost of health insurance too high

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 06:05 AM PST

Almost 70 percent of uninsured Texans said the high cost of health insurance is the reason they remain uninsured, according to a new report. The report found less than 20 percent of uninsured Texans said they simply don't want health insurance.

Clashes with cops more injurious than civilian-only skirmishes

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 06:05 AM PST

People hospitalized due to an encounter with a law enforcement officer are more likely to have a mental illness, have longer hospitalizations, more injuries to the back and spine, and greater need for extended care than those hospitalized due to altercations with other civilians, a new report shows.

Refugee women at higher risk of preterm birth, study finds

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 06:04 AM PST

Refugee women who come to Canada have greater risk of giving birth prematurely than non-refugee immigrants, a Canadian study shows. Preterm or premature birth describes infants who are born before 37 weeks of gestation. Risk factors for preterm birth include infections, malnutrition and stress -- all very common among women living in refugee situations.

New therapy halts progression of Lou Gehrig's disease in mice

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 06:04 AM PST

Researchers announced that they have essentially stopped the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or Lou Gehrig's disease, for nearly two years in one type of mouse model used to study the disease -- allowing the mice to approach their normal lifespan. The findings are compelling and promising, scientists say.

Protein combination improves bone regeneration, study shows

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 06:04 AM PST

A combination of proteins that could improve clinical bone restoration, and could lead towards the development of therapeutic treatments for skeletal defects, bone loss and osteoporosis, report researchers. They found that the combination of two proteins, NELL-1 and BMP2, increased bone formation while inhibiting the formation of fat cells. By contrast, NELL-1 encourages stem cells to form bone cells instead of fat cells. Used together, the proteins stimulate bone production more than either does alone.

A diet dividend: Reducing food intake in mice diminishes the growth of their polycystic kidneys

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 06:04 AM PST

What if polycystic kidney disease (PKD) could be combatted with a strategy as simple as dieting? Such a finding would surely be welcome news to the 12 million people worldwide with the genetic disease. Now researchers say that reducing food intake in mice diminishes the growth of their polycystic kidneys.

Increasing breastfeeding worldwide could prevent over 800,000 child deaths and 20,000 deaths from breast cancer every year

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 06:01 AM PST

Just 1 in 5 children in high-income countries are breastfed to 12 months, whilst only 1 in 3 children in low and middle-income countries are exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months. As a result, millions of children are failing to receive the full benefits provided by breastfeeding. The findings come from the largest and most detailed analysis to quantify levels, trends, and benefits of breastfeeding around the world.

Vital clues to future cancer development in normal breast tissue DNA

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 06:01 AM PST

Detecting molecular alterations in early breast cancer development is key in the development of more effective cancer prevention and early detection strategies. New research shows clear evidence that DNA changes are already present in the healthy tissue from women with breast cancer.

Subtle brain differences seen in men with autism

Posted: 29 Jan 2016 06:01 AM PST

Research has revealed subtle brain differences in adult males with autism spectrum disorder, which may go some way towards explaining why symptoms persist into adulthood in some people with the disorder.

Genetic sequencing can help guide treatment in children with solid tumors

Posted: 28 Jan 2016 10:20 AM PST

Clinical genomic sequencing is feasible in pediatric oncology and can be used to recommend therapy or pinpoint diagnosis in children with solid tumors, according to the multi-center study.

Mysterious 'relief valve' that protects cells from swelling better understood thanks to research

Posted: 28 Jan 2016 10:10 AM PST

Solving a long-standing mystery in cell biology, a team has shown how a key 'relief-valve' in cells keeps cells from taking in too much water and swelling excessively. The mechanism has been tentatively linked to stroke-induced brain damage, diabetes, immune deficiency and even cancer treatment resistance.

Estrogens alleviate hyperactivity in zebrafish with autism gene

Posted: 28 Jan 2016 10:09 AM PST

The hormone estrogen alleviates the sleep disruption experienced by zebrafish genetically designed to help understand the biology of autism spectrum disorder, scientists report.

To burn sugar or not to burn sugar: How eggs store fuel for embryo development

Posted: 28 Jan 2016 10:09 AM PST

Reproduction is highly dependent on diet and the ability to use nutrients to grow and generate energy. New work dissects the links between metabolism and the development of eggs and may provide a new understanding of human infertility as well as IVF treatment failures.

Impact of opioid risk reduction initiatives assessed

Posted: 28 Jan 2016 09:29 AM PST

New research on opioid prescribing in Washington State reports that a health plan initiative to change shared expectations of physicians regarding clinically appropriate drug levels for long-term management of chronic pain achieved significantly greater reductions in opioid dosing.

Soundscape approach integrating noise mapping techniques: Case study from the UK

Posted: 28 Jan 2016 09:23 AM PST

Noise pollution affects a large number of Europeans becoming quickly one of the most underrated environmental problems that take severe toll on human health. It can affect people in both physiological and psychological ways, interfering with basic activities such as sleep, rest, study and communication. Since the early 2000 management of urban acoustic environments has become essential part of urban planning and environmental protection, calling for new approaches to noise management and control.
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