ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Practice makes perfect, study confirms
• Health care's familiarity with military culture critical to improving care for veterans
• Spotlight on both old, difficult issues and humanitarian visions that drive new patents
• Significant number of young people with undiagnosed bipolar disorder
• Study assesses how to avoid unnecessary acute admission to hospital
• Life history effects on the molecular clock of autosomes, sex chromosomes
• Shedding light on genetic switches
• New insights into Group A Streptococcus
• Ischemic renal failure and organ damage
• What is the optimal dose of medication to prevent the evolution of drug resistance?
• Typical food triggers creation of regulatory T cells
• Of mice and men (and pigs): Cystic fibrosis mystery solved
• Cancer's surprise origins, caught in action
• Second-hand smoke increases fatness, hinders cognition in children
• Multi-center study reveals unique subtypes of most common malignant brain cancer
• Genetic testing for childhood cancer patients can identify cause, treatment potential
• Researchers tease apart a pathway certain cancer cells use to replicate
• New insights into PI3K pathway and cancer metabolism

Practice makes perfect, study confirms Posted: 29 Jan 2016 02:05 PM PST Initial learning and performance at seven weeks led to increase in activation in cortical regions during visualization of the dance being learned when compared to the first week, shows a study on ballet cancers. However, at 34 weeks, it showed reduced activation in comparison to week seven.

Health care's familiarity with military culture critical to improving care for veterans Posted: 29 Jan 2016 02:04 PM PST Health care systems and providers need to understand the unique realities of military culture in order to work effectively with veterans and military families, according to the findings of a new study.

Spotlight on both old, difficult issues and humanitarian visions that drive new patents Posted: 29 Jan 2016 02:04 PM PST The current issue of Technology and Innovation has articles on the 2015 Patents for Humanity Awards, asbestos exposure during outdoor recreational activities, the phenomenon of academic serial inventors, and a special section on regulatory science with articles on organic vs. conventional foods and the critical role of review criteria in peer review.

Significant number of young people with undiagnosed bipolar disorder Posted: 29 Jan 2016 06:01 AM PST Around 10 percent of UK primary care patients prescribed antidepressants for depression or anxiety have undiagnosed bipolar disorder, a study has found.

Study assesses how to avoid unnecessary acute admission to hospital Posted: 29 Jan 2016 06:01 AM PST Hospitals around the world face pressure from unnecessary acute admissions to the ward from the emergency department. A UK study assesses how to avoid such admissions.

Life history effects on the molecular clock of autosomes, sex chromosomes Posted: 28 Jan 2016 12:50 PM PST Accounting for the effect of sex-specific life history events, such as the onset of puberty in male hominids, on mutation rates can help reconcile mutation-rate-based estimates of the split between chimpanzees and humans with the fossil record, suggesting that the split may have been as recent as 6.6 million years ago, new research indicates.

Shedding light on genetic switches Posted: 28 Jan 2016 12:50 PM PST A new study analyzes the regions of DNA that switch on gene expression in the notochord, called notochord cis-regulatory modules. The paper presents a systematic analysis of CRMs that share the distinctive property of turning on gene expression in the notochord.

New insights into Group A Streptococcus Posted: 28 Jan 2016 12:50 PM PST Group A Streptococcus remains a global health burden with an estimated 700 million cases reported annually, and more than half a million deaths due to severe infections. A new avenue has been found for the treatment of the pathogen.

Ischemic renal failure and organ damage Posted: 28 Jan 2016 12:48 PM PST Every year acute renal failure affects over 13 million people and leads to 1.7 million deaths across the globe. It often develops when an insufficient supply of oxygen reaches the kidneys, a condition called ischemia. Researchers have traced one of the causes of ischemia-related renal failure to a signaling molecule and a specific type of tissue.

What is the optimal dose of medication to prevent the evolution of drug resistance? Posted: 28 Jan 2016 12:48 PM PST A new model shows that the standard practice of treating infections with the highest tolerable dose of anti-microbe medications may not be best for preventing the evolution of drug resistance in all cases.

Typical food triggers creation of regulatory T cells Posted: 28 Jan 2016 12:21 PM PST The immune system has built-in tolerance mechanisms that harness itself from responding to benign foreign antigens beneficial to our system, like food. When such tolerance fails, we suffer from an overt immune reaction, such as food allergies, which can be severe enough to be fatal. Now researchers document how normal diet establishes immune tolerance conditions in the small intestine.

Of mice and men (and pigs): Cystic fibrosis mystery solved Posted: 28 Jan 2016 12:21 PM PST A new study provides an answer for a long-standing scientific puzzle: why don't mice with CF gene mutations develop the life-threatening lung disease that affects most people with CF? The answer to the puzzle identifies a proton pump called ATP12A as a potential target for new CF therapies.

Cancer's surprise origins, caught in action Posted: 28 Jan 2016 12:19 PM PST For the first time, researchers have visualized the origins of cancer from the first affected cell and watched its spread in a live animal. This work could change the way scientists understand melanoma and other cancers and could lead to new, early treatments before the cancer has taken hold.

Second-hand smoke increases fatness, hinders cognition in children Posted: 28 Jan 2016 10:32 AM PST Exposure to secondhand smoke is associated with a larger waist and poorer cognition in children, researchers say. Researchers looked at passive smoke exposure in 220 overweight or obese 7-11-year-old boys and girls. They found smoke exposure associated with nearly all measures of adiposity in the children, including bigger bellies and overall fat.

Multi-center study reveals unique subtypes of most common malignant brain cancer Posted: 28 Jan 2016 10:30 AM PST An international collaborative study has revealed detailed new information about diffuse glioma, the most common type of tumor found in some 80 percent of adult brain cancer patients, raising hopes that better understanding of these disease groups may aid improved clinical outcomes.

Genetic testing for childhood cancer patients can identify cause, treatment potential Posted: 28 Jan 2016 10:20 AM PST Combined whole exome tumor and blood sequencing in pediatric cancer patients revealed mutations that could help explain the cause of cancer or have the potential to impact clinical cancer care in 40 percent of patients in a recent study.

Researchers tease apart a pathway certain cancer cells use to replicate Posted: 28 Jan 2016 10:20 AM PST A new 'player' in the way certain aggressive cancer cells may reproduce has been identified by researchers. It is hoped that these findings may lead to the identification of new cancer targets and may ultimately lead to new therapeutics.

New insights into PI3K pathway and cancer metabolism Posted: 28 Jan 2016 10:20 AM PST Important insights into the biology that underlies glycolysis, the metabolic process that enables cancer cells to generate biomass and energy, have been revealed by new research, confirming the importance of sugar to cancer survival.

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