ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Intelligent scalpel locates cancerous tumors in the brain
• Your viruses could reveal your travel history, and more
• Researchers identify candidate biomarker of accelerated onset diabetic retinopathy
• Fragile X research
• An overfed fetus may become an overweight adolescent
• Lower home temperature in winter is associated with lower waist measurement
• Infants with strong sucking skills are more likely to gain additional weight
• Growing skin in the lab
• Ancient DNA shows European wipe-out of early Americans
• Researcher synthesizes hybrid molecule that delivers a blow to malignant cells
• In mildly obese patients, sleeve-it surgery may increase weight loss and glycemic control
• Transgender veterans have high rates of mental health problems
• Older overweight and obese adults with diabetes benefit from better diet and exercise
• Training to prevent strain injury? Contraction mode matters
• How to control chlamydia: An ECDC guidance for Europe
• Chemical in antibacterial soap may disrupt mix of organisms in digestive tract
• New toolkit can improve primary healthcare for people with developmental disabilities
• Attention deficit after kids' critical illness linked to plasticizers in medical tubes
• HIV-positive children, adolescents: Added benefit of rilpivirine not proven
• Call them spare tires or love handles, belly fat is bad
• New test can predict death in patients with serious liver disease
• Vaccine adjuvant protects against post-burn infection
• Heart rate variability predicts epileptic seizures
• New insights in blood vessel formation
• Infants born prematurely may show less interest in others
• We now live in a world in which more people are obese than underweight, major global analysis reveals
• Monetary incentives for healthy behavior can pay off, says study
• Professional burnout associated with physicians limiting practice
• Coffee consumption linked to decreased risk of colorectal cancer
• Is there a link between oral health and the rate of cognitive decline?
• Brain changes seen in veterans with PTSD after mindfulness training
• New method proposed to detect bacterial infection in preterm infants
• Natural killer cells help to drive inflammation, insulin resistance
• Histone deacetylase inhibitors enhance immunotherapy in lung cancer models, say researchers
• Novel vaccine strategy produces rapid, long-term protection against Chikungunya virus
• Cardioprotective effects of lysyl oxidase inhibition
• New Celiac Disease Risk Factor found in study
• Infections of the heart with common viruses
• Underappreciated protein plays critical role in RNA regulation, male fertility
• Aging diminishes spinal cord regeneration after injury

Intelligent scalpel locates cancerous tumors in the brain Posted: 01 Apr 2016 07:08 PM PDT Removing a brain tumor is a delicate task, if not done properly it can have catastrophic consequences, such as brain damage, motor impairment or failure in controlling a vital organ function. In order to make this work more precise scientists have designed a "smart scalpel" that determines whether an area is healthy or tumorous.

Your viruses could reveal your travel history, and more Posted: 01 Apr 2016 07:08 PM PDT The genomes of two distinct strains of the virus that causes the common lip cold sore, herpes simplex virus type 1, have been identified within an individual person -- an achievement that could be useful to forensic scientists for tracing a person's history. The research also opens the door to understanding how a patient's viruses influence the course of disease.

Researchers identify candidate biomarker of accelerated onset diabetic retinopathy Posted: 01 Apr 2016 07:07 PM PDT Researchers describe, for the first time, an association between a defective myogenic response of blood vessels in the retina and early, accelerated development of retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes. The findings may lead to the development of targeted therapies to delay or prevent the development of diabetic retinopathy in this population.

Fragile X research Posted: 01 Apr 2016 07:07 PM PDT Researchers have new findings on fragile X, an autism-linked genetic disorder. Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is an inherited cause of intellectual disability, especially among boys. It results in a spectrum of intellectual disabilities ranging from mild to severe, as well as physical characteristics, such as an elongated face, large or protruding ears, and large testes. Accompanying behavioral characteristics include stereotypic movements, such as hand-flapping, and social anxiety.

An overfed fetus may become an overweight adolescent Posted: 01 Apr 2016 11:45 AM PDT Higher levels of blood markers in the umbilical cord indicate that the baby has more fat and may continue having more fat into late childhood and adolescence, new research suggests.

Lower home temperature in winter is associated with lower waist measurement Posted: 01 Apr 2016 11:45 AM PDT Elderly adults are bigger around the middle when they turn up the heat inside their homes during the cold season and have smaller waistlines when their homes stay cool, new research finds.

Infants with strong sucking skills are more likely to gain additional weight Posted: 01 Apr 2016 11:45 AM PDT A new study of African-American infants finds that those who feed more vigorously at one month of age have higher weight at four months, which may be associated with a later risk for obesity.

Growing skin in the lab Posted: 01 Apr 2016 11:45 AM PDT Using reprogrammed iPS cells, scientists have successfully grown complex skin tissue -- complete with hair follicles and sebaceous glands -- in the laboratory.

Ancient DNA shows European wipe-out of early Americans Posted: 01 Apr 2016 11:45 AM PDT The first large-scale study of ancient DNA from early American people has confirmed the devastating impact of European colonization on the Indigenous American populations of the time.

Researcher synthesizes hybrid molecule that delivers a blow to malignant cells Posted: 01 Apr 2016 10:06 AM PDT A new molecule recently developed shows promise for treating breast cancer. The protein/polymer-gold nanoparticle composite, besides being easy to synthesize, can load up with drugs, carry them to malignant cells, and unload them where they can do the most damage with the least amount of harm to the patient.

In mildly obese patients, sleeve-it surgery may increase weight loss and glycemic control Posted: 01 Apr 2016 10:06 AM PDT In mildly obese ('class I') patients, sleeve with ileal transposition (sleeve-IT) surgery results in better glycemic control than either gastric bypass or clinical treatment, a new study suggests.

Transgender veterans have high rates of mental health problems Posted: 01 Apr 2016 10:06 AM PDT Among military veterans identifying as transgender, 90 percent have at least one mental health diagnosis, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression, and nearly 50 percent had a hospitalization after a suicide attempt or suicidal thoughts.

Older overweight and obese adults with diabetes benefit from better diet and exercise Posted: 01 Apr 2016 10:06 AM PDT Lifestyle changes that include healthier diet and routine physical exercise help older overweight and obese adults with Type 2 diabetes improve glucose control, body composition, physical function and bone quality, according to preliminary findings of an ongoing clinical trial.

Training to prevent strain injury? Contraction mode matters Posted: 01 Apr 2016 08:23 AM PDT Hamstring injuries are the most common noncontact injury in elite sport. Despite increased research efforts, these injury rates continue to rise. Recent evidence has shown that short muscle fiber lengths can increase the risk of hamstring injury in elite soccer players. This study aimed to see how fascicle lengths change following training interventions of either lengthening or shortening contractions.

How to control chlamydia: An ECDC guidance for Europe Posted: 01 Apr 2016 08:19 AM PDT They are young and mostly female: with more than 3.2 million cases between 2005 and 2014, chlamydia remains the most commonly reported sexually transmitted infection across Europe. An updated Guidance on chlamydia control in Europe from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control makes the case for national chlamydia control strategies in the European Union Member States and shows ways to develop, implement or improve national or local control activities.

Chemical in antibacterial soap may disrupt mix of organisms in digestive tract Posted: 01 Apr 2016 08:19 AM PDT Use of a common nonprescription antimicrobial, triclocarban, during pregnancy and breast-feeding may alter the offspring's composition of intestinal bacteria and other micro-organisms, called the gut microbiota, a new animal study finds.

New toolkit can improve primary healthcare for people with developmental disabilities Posted: 01 Apr 2016 08:18 AM PDT Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities have more health issues than other adults, but they are less likely to receive preventative care. A new toolkit will help family health teams provide better, more proactive care for this vulnerable and underserved population.

Attention deficit after kids' critical illness linked to plasticizers in medical tubes Posted: 01 Apr 2016 08:18 AM PDT Children who are often hospitalized in intensive care units are more likely to have attention deficit disorders later, and new research finds a possible culprit: a high level of plastic-softening chemicals called phthalates circulating in the blood. The researchers suggest these chemicals, which are added to indwelling medical devices such as plastic tubes and catheters, seep into the child's bloodstream.

HIV-positive children, adolescents: Added benefit of rilpivirine not proven Posted: 01 Apr 2016 07:18 AM PDT Drug manufacturer only presented data from a one-arm study, which are unsuitable for the derivation of an added benefit in comparison with the comparator therapy.

Call them spare tires or love handles, belly fat is bad Posted: 01 Apr 2016 07:18 AM PDT Bad news. It's not just obesity that can increase the risk of heart failure. Just a few extra kilos, especially around the gut, are dangerous, too.

New test can predict death in patients with serious liver disease Posted: 01 Apr 2016 07:17 AM PDT The biomarker CD163 can predict mortality in blood samples from patients with acute on chronic liver failure, report scientists. Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a sudden deterioration of the liver function in a patient with liver cirrhosis accompanied by failure of one or more organ systems. This liver disease has a serious prognosis and the four-week mortality rate is 20-30%.

Vaccine adjuvant protects against post-burn infection Posted: 01 Apr 2016 07:17 AM PDT Research findings suggest that the use of a FDA-approved drug may serve a dual purpose by protecting people who are at high risk of infection, including those with severe burns, cancer, and other conditions that may compromise their immune systems' ability to ward off disease.

Heart rate variability predicts epileptic seizures Posted: 01 Apr 2016 06:19 AM PDT Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that causes seizures of many different types. Recent research has found that epileptic seizures can be more easily predicted by using an electrocardiogram to measure fluctuations in the heart rate than by measuring brain activity, because the monitoring device is easier to wear.

New insights in blood vessel formation Posted: 01 Apr 2016 04:51 AM PDT How vascular tubes build, maintain and adapt continuously perfused lumens to meet local metabolic needs remains poorly understood. Recent studies showed that blood flow itself plays a critical role in the remodelling of vascular networks and suggested it is also required for the lumenization of new vascular connections. However, it is still unknown how haemodynamic forces contribute to the formation of new vascular lumens during blood vessel morphogenesis.

Infants born prematurely may show less interest in others Posted: 01 Apr 2016 04:44 AM PDT Researchers found evidence that babies born prematurely are less interested in other people compared to infants born full-term, when tested at 6 and 12 months of age. The study adds further insight into recent reports about the links between premature birth and autism.

We now live in a world in which more people are obese than underweight, major global analysis reveals Posted: 01 Apr 2016 04:44 AM PDT In the past 40 years, there has been a startling increase in the number of obese people worldwide -- rising from 105 million in 1975 to 641 million in 2014, according to the most comprehensive analysis of trends in body mass index to date.

Monetary incentives for healthy behavior can pay off, says study Posted: 01 Apr 2016 04:44 AM PDT Monetary rewards for healthy behavior can pay off both in the pocketbook and in positive psychological factors like internal motivation, according to a new study.

Professional burnout associated with physicians limiting practice Posted: 01 Apr 2016 04:37 AM PDT At a time when the nation is facing projected physician shortages, a study shows an association between burnout and declining professional satisfaction with physicians reducing the number of hours they devote to clinical practice.

Coffee consumption linked to decreased risk of colorectal cancer Posted: 01 Apr 2016 04:37 AM PDT Researchers have found that coffee consumption, including decaf, instant and espresso, decreases the risk of colorectal cancer. Moreover, these benefits increase the more coffee you drink.

Is there a link between oral health and the rate of cognitive decline? Posted: 01 Apr 2016 04:37 AM PDT Better oral hygiene and regular dental visits may play a role in slowing cognitive decline as people age, although evidence is not definitive enough to suggest that one causes the other. New findings come from the first systematic review of studies focused on oral health and cognition -- two important areas of research as the older adult population continues to grow, with some 36 percent of people over age 70 already living with cognitive impairments.

Brain changes seen in veterans with PTSD after mindfulness training Posted: 01 Apr 2016 04:37 AM PDT Like an endlessly repeating video loop, horrible memories plague people with post-traumatic stress disorder. But a new study in veterans shows the promise of mindfulness training for enhancing the ability to manage those thoughts if they come up, and not get 'stuck'. It also shows the veterans' brains changed in ways that may help them find their own off switch for that endless loop.

New method proposed to detect bacterial infection in preterm infants Posted: 01 Apr 2016 04:37 AM PDT A research group is proposing a new criterion for diagnosis of bacterial infection in preterm infants. Using this method could lead to early diagnosis and treatment for bacterial infection and improve the prognosis for preterm infants.

Natural killer cells help to drive inflammation, insulin resistance Posted: 31 Mar 2016 03:31 PM PDT In obesity, the body's immune system can treat tissues as if they are suffering from a low-grade chronic infection. This obesity-induced inflammation is an important contributor to insulin resistance, a condition that can progress into type 2 diabetes.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors enhance immunotherapy in lung cancer models, say researchers Posted: 31 Mar 2016 03:31 PM PDT Several new immunotherapeutic antibodies that inhibit checkpoint receptors on T cells to restimulate the immune system to target tumors have been approved to treat advanced stage lung cancer and melanoma; however, only 20 percent of lung cancer patients show a response to these agents. Researchers have identified a class of drugs that improve the activity of immunotherapeutic antibodies by stimulating the movement of T cells into a tumor and enhancing their activity.

Novel vaccine strategy produces rapid, long-term protection against Chikungunya virus Posted: 31 Mar 2016 12:42 PM PDT New research has demonstrated how a novel vaccine strategy that boosts the immune system by rapidly producing antibodies against CHIKV, combined with a traditional DNA-based vaccine approach, can provide both short term and long term protection against the virus.

Cardioprotective effects of lysyl oxidase inhibition Posted: 31 Mar 2016 12:42 PM PDT The collagen cross-linking enzyme, lysyl oxidase (LOX), is elevated in many cardiac diseases and is associated with fibrosis. A new article explains that inhibition of LOX activity provided significant cardioprotection in a rat model of chronic volume overload (VO) stress. Rats with 8 weeks of established VO-induced disease were treated with a LOX inhibitor for 6 wks. LOX inhibition completely reversed cardiac fibrosis and improved both systolic and diastolic heart function.

New Celiac Disease Risk Factor found in study Posted: 31 Mar 2016 11:25 AM PDT Researchers have identified a common variant in a non-coding RNA that may contribute to the intestinal inflammation that occurs in people with celiac disease. The findings point to a possible new risk factor for developing celiac disease in people with celiac disease risk genes.

Infections of the heart with common viruses Posted: 31 Mar 2016 10:44 AM PDT Virus infections of the heart are a significant cause of sudden unexpected death due to cardiovascular reasons in young men and also produce chronic cardiomyopathy which frequently requires heart transplantation. The review provides current updates on our understanding of how virus infection and the body's immune response to that infection result in heart injury.

Underappreciated protein plays critical role in RNA regulation, male fertility Posted: 31 Mar 2016 10:34 AM PDT A protein once thought to be of little consequence has been found to be a central player in processes ranging from male fertility to early embryonic development, according to a new study.

Aging diminishes spinal cord regeneration after injury Posted: 31 Mar 2016 10:34 AM PDT Researchers have determined that, in mice, age diminishes ability to regenerate axons, the brain's communication wires in the spinal cord.

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