ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Engineering T cells to treat pancreatic cancer
• Farmers are not just the backbone of a nation, they may have stronger hips too
• UK study supports cardiovascular safety of calcium and vitamin D supplementation
• Hip fracture risk rises in the 10 years after total knee replacement
• Going tobacco-free, tall order for health-care facilities
• Shot in the dark: New surveillance tool called shotspotter tracks and records incidents of gunfire
• In the face of chronic pain, clinicians seek best practices for management while evading opioid abuse
• Logos make a group seem real
• At-home cognitive remediation may help cognitive symptoms in multiple sclerosis
• Standardizing care improves outcomes for infants born with neonatal abstinence syndrome
• Preliminary study: Antibody therapy reduces cancer stem cells in multiple myeloma
• Numerical simulations of tensile tests of red blood cells
• Women with epilepsy just as likely to get pregnant as healthy women of childbearing age
• Experimental drug guadecitabine found safe in patients with colorectal cancer
• Atomically thin sensor detects harmful air pollution in the home
• Record Balkan floods linked to jamming of giant airstreams
• Ultrathin organic material enhances e-skin display
• Low fat diet helps postmenopausal women avoid deadly breast cancers
• Pollutants in fish inhibit human's natural defense system
• Heart attack patients more depressed but get fewer antidepressants
• Sarcopenia (loss of muscle) which affects up to 20 percent of European seniors, may increase 63 percent by 2045
• Phase 2 data show treatment efficacy in 'difficult-to-cure' hepatitis C patients
• New study demonstrates efficacy of all-oral treatment regimens in adolescents with hepatitis C virus
• Low-cost generic direct-acting antiviral treatment for hep C is equivalent to branded formulations
• New study challenges the concept of treatment failure in hepatitis C
• Waist not weight: Key to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
• Scientists find a way to cure hepatitis C with 6 weeks of treatment
• Investigational treatment provides hope for some chronic liver disease sufferers
• Potential first-in-class treatment is well-tolerated in patients with chronic hepatitis B
• New hope for spinal cord injuries
• Animal-inspired whiskers key to new navigation technology
• The future of precision medicine
• Allergen immunotherapy found to pose no risk of infection

Engineering T cells to treat pancreatic cancer Posted: 16 Apr 2016 05:45 PM PDT Medical researchers have developed groundbreaking treatments for pancreas cancer using engineered T-cells.

Farmers are not just the backbone of a nation, they may have stronger hips too Posted: 16 Apr 2016 12:31 PM PDT This study found that in Sweden, for male farmers, the risk of a hip fracture was 14 percent lower compared to other occupations, adjusted for age. When also adjusted for rural status of residence, the risk reduction was still 15 percent lower. When also adjusted for income, education and latitude the effect was even more marked -- at 39 percent lower risk.

UK study supports cardiovascular safety of calcium and vitamin D supplementation Posted: 16 Apr 2016 12:31 PM PDT Rsearchers have presented a new study that supports the cardiovascular safety of calcium and vitamin D supplementation. The study was based on analysis of the UK Biobank, a very large study comprising 502,664 men and women aged 40-69 years.

Hip fracture risk rises in the 10 years after total knee replacement Posted: 16 Apr 2016 12:31 PM PDT A Swedish study shows that individuals with total knee replacement (TKR) due to primary osteoarthritis had a low risk for hip and vertebral fracture in the decade before surgery. However, after total knee replacement, the risk for hip fracture increased by 4 percent and the risk for vertebral fracture increased by 19 percent compared to the population without TKR.

Going tobacco-free, tall order for health-care facilities Posted: 16 Apr 2016 10:08 AM PDT Healthcare facilities being tobacco-free seems like a natural fit, but enforcing a tobacco-free policy that prohibits all people from using tobacco in buildings and on campus grounds it owns and leases can be a tall order. A state-wide survey showed that hospital, clinics and cancer treatment were among the health-care facilities in South Dakota with the more comprehensive policies. Use of an electronic health record system was key to assessing patients' tobacco use.

Shot in the dark: New surveillance tool called shotspotter tracks and records incidents of gunfire Posted: 16 Apr 2016 10:08 AM PDT When gunfire is heard and unreported, what does it reveal about the state of crime in America? One expert is determined to find out. She has been using data from new surveillance technology to research the disparity between the number of recorded gunshot sounds and the number of reported incidents of gun violence.

In the face of chronic pain, clinicians seek best practices for management while evading opioid abuse Posted: 16 Apr 2016 10:08 AM PDT Researchers have discussed best practices in management of chronic pain in people with cancer.

Logos make a group seem real Posted: 16 Apr 2016 06:48 AM PDT New research shows that logos create the impression that a group is unified, effective and coordinated, even when the members of the group don't really seem that way on their own.

At-home cognitive remediation may help cognitive symptoms in multiple sclerosis Posted: 16 Apr 2016 06:47 AM PDT In a randomized controlled trial, people with MS who used a computer-based cognitive remediation training program at home for 12 weeks had significantly higher cognitive test scores than those who used a placebo computer program.

Standardizing care improves outcomes for infants born with neonatal abstinence syndrome Posted: 16 Apr 2016 06:47 AM PDT Standardizing hospital care policies across institutions for infants diagnosed with drug withdrawal symptoms at birth reduces their length of treatment and hospitalization, according to new collaborative research.

Preliminary study: Antibody therapy reduces cancer stem cells in multiple myeloma Posted: 16 Apr 2016 06:47 AM PDT An experimental antibody treatment decreased by half the number of cancer stem cells that drive the growth of tumors in nearly all patients with multiple myeloma, a cancer of the bone marrow and bone tissue, according to new results.

Numerical simulations of tensile tests of red blood cells Posted: 16 Apr 2016 06:47 AM PDT The researchers investigate the effects of the hold position of the red blood cells on strain field during tensile testing using numerical simulations.

Women with epilepsy just as likely to get pregnant as healthy women of childbearing age Posted: 16 Apr 2016 06:47 AM PDT In a prospective study, women with epilepsy had a comparable likelihood of achieving pregnancy, time taken to get pregnant, and pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage, compared to a group of healthy peers. These findings contradict previously held beliefs in the medical community regarding the fertility of women with epilepsy.

Experimental drug guadecitabine found safe in patients with colorectal cancer Posted: 16 Apr 2016 06:46 AM PDT In a small, phase I clinical trial, researchers say they show for the first time that the experimental drug guadecitabine (SGI-110) is safe in combination with the chemotherapy drug irinotecan and may overcome resistance to irinotecan in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Atomically thin sensor detects harmful air pollution in the home Posted: 16 Apr 2016 06:46 AM PDT Scientists have developed a graphene-based sensor and switch that can detect harmful air pollution in the home with very low power consumption.

Record Balkan floods linked to jamming of giant airstreams Posted: 16 Apr 2016 06:46 AM PDT Disastrous floods in the Balkans two years ago are likely linked to the temporary slowdown of giant airstreams, scientists found. These wind patterns, circling the globe in the form of huge waves between the Equator and the North Pole, normally move eastwards, but practically stopped for several days then -- at the same time, a weather system got stuck over Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Croatia that poured out record amounts of rain.

Ultrathin organic material enhances e-skin display Posted: 16 Apr 2016 06:46 AM PDT Researchers have developed an ultrathin, ultraflexible, protective layer and demonstrated its use by creating an air-stable, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display. This technology will enable creation of electronic skin (e-skin) displays of blood oxygen level, e-skin heart rate sensors for athletes and many other applications.

Low fat diet helps postmenopausal women avoid deadly breast cancers Posted: 16 Apr 2016 06:46 AM PDT Women who stayed on a low fat diet for approximately eight years reduced their risk of death from invasive breast cancers and improved their survival rates.

Pollutants in fish inhibit human's natural defense system Posted: 16 Apr 2016 06:46 AM PDT In a new study, environmental pollutants found in fish were shown to obstruct the human body's natural defense system to expel harmful toxins. The research team suggests that this information should be used to better assess the human health risks from eating contaminated seafood.

Heart attack patients more depressed but get fewer antidepressants Posted: 16 Apr 2016 06:46 AM PDT Heart attack patients are more depressed but are less often prescribed antidepressants than people who have not had a heart attack, according to new research.

Sarcopenia (loss of muscle) which affects up to 20 percent of European seniors, may increase 63 percent by 2045 Posted: 16 Apr 2016 06:46 AM PDT Sarcopenia is a disease associated with the ageing process. Hallmark signs of the disorder are loss of muscle mass and strength, which in turn affects balance, gait and overall ability to perform tasks of daily living. This study assessed the prevalence of sarcopenia in Europe, finding that, when using the definition providing the highest prevalence estimates, the number of individuals with sarcopenia in Europe will rise by 63.8 percent in 2045.

Phase 2 data show treatment efficacy in 'difficult-to-cure' hepatitis C patients Posted: 16 Apr 2016 06:38 AM PDT A hepatitis C (HCV) drug currently under investigation, ABT-493 and ABT-530, which is an all-oral once-daily antiviral treatment, helped HCV genotype 3 patients with heavily scarred livers and no previous treatment history to achieve a 100 percent sustained virologic response after receiving the treatment for 12 weeks (SVR12).

New study demonstrates efficacy of all-oral treatment regimens in adolescents with hepatitis C virus Posted: 16 Apr 2016 06:00 AM PDT Adolescents with Hepatitis C (HCV) could benefit from a combination of direct-acting antivirals, according to new data. The study demonstrated that adolescent patients with HCV genotype 1 aged 12 to 18 years who were treated for 12 weeks with a fixed dose combination of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir attained high sustained virologic response (SVR) rates.

Low-cost generic direct-acting antiviral treatment for hep C is equivalent to branded formulations Posted: 16 Apr 2016 06:00 AM PDT New data demonstrates that generic direct-acting antivirals are as effective and safe as branded treatments to cure hepatitis C.

New study challenges the concept of treatment failure in hepatitis C Posted: 16 Apr 2016 06:00 AM PDT New data demonstrate that choosing a different combination of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment for hepatitis C can eradicate the virus at four weeks in patients who had already failed on previous medication regimens.

Waist not weight: Key to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Posted: 16 Apr 2016 06:00 AM PDT A new study demonstrates that a build-up of fat around the waist can cause more serious complications than obesity in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Scientists find a way to cure hepatitis C with 6 weeks of treatment Posted: 16 Apr 2016 06:00 AM PDT A pilot study found that all patients with acute HCV who were treated with a direct-acting antiviral treatment over a 'short-duration' of six weeks had undetectable HCV after a 12 week follow-up. The investigator-initiated study demonstrated that the combination of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir for only six weeks is sufficient to treat patients with acute HCV.

Investigational treatment provides hope for some chronic liver disease sufferers Posted: 16 Apr 2016 06:00 AM PDT A new study provides hope for a new treatment in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, a rare condition characterized by inflammation and scarring in the bile ducts of the liver and for which there are currently no medicines.

Potential first-in-class treatment is well-tolerated in patients with chronic hepatitis B Posted: 16 Apr 2016 06:00 AM PDT New data confirms that a novel first-in-class treatment for hepatitis B, called NVR 3-778, is well-tolerated and can reduce levels of the virus' genetic material in the body when combined with pegylated interferon after four weeks of treatment.

New hope for spinal cord injuries Posted: 15 Apr 2016 11:45 AM PDT Stem cells have been used successfully, for the first time, to promote regeneration after injury to a specialized band of nerve fibers that are important for motor function.

Animal-inspired whiskers key to new navigation technology Posted: 15 Apr 2016 11:45 AM PDT Researchers have developed artificial whiskers that allow robots to "see" the surroundings in dark and murky places by analysing the way the whiskers respond to water and air flow.

The future of precision medicine Posted: 15 Apr 2016 11:40 AM PDT As medical professionals search for new ways to personalize diagnosis and treatment of disease, researchers have already put into practice what may be the next big step in precision medicine: personalized proteomics.

Allergen immunotherapy found to pose no risk of infection Posted: 15 Apr 2016 09:59 AM PDT Investigators have found no evidence of infections related to the common practice of injecting allergens beneath the skin to reduce the allergic response. Although the sterility of these 'allergy shots' has not been a concern, the organization that sets standards for the quality and safety of medications has proposed revised guidelines that place them in the same category as preparations intended for intravenous or spinal administration.

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