ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Lemurs mix smelly secretions to make richer, longer-lasting scents
• Built-in shades may protect delicate sensors from blinding light
• Merging black holes, gravitational waves provide new insight into how the universe works
• Transgender college students at higher risk for suicide attempts after denial of access to bathrooms, appropriate housing, study finds
• Return of vaccine-preventable diseases has implications for hospital care
• Research improves conductive plastic for health, energy, other technologies
• Causes of childhood obesity complex, but families, media play key roles
• Prison's extended punch
• Americans used less energy in 2015 according to analysis
• Seeing double: NASA missions measure solar flare from 2 spots in space
• First Salish Sea-wide shoreline armoring study shows cumulative effects on ecosystem
• Surgeons develop innovative technique for reconstructing breast after mastectomy
• Religious rhetoric not helpful in anti-alcohol messages
• Scientists describe new research model to enhance Zika virus research
• Scientists propose treatment for severe lung diseases
• Cities have individual microbial signatures
• Aspirin use may help prevent bile duct cancer, study finds
• When it comes to a child's weight in the ER, Mom knows best
• 'Good cop' parent not enough to buffer some harmful effects of 'bad cop' parent
• Victorian Age technology can improve virtual reality, study finds
• Factors that may influence influenza vaccine effectiveness
• Corporate sustainability should be core strategy, requires paths unique to each business
• Endogenous oxidants: New methods for monitoring processes in the organism
• Media coverage of celebrities with breast cancer influencing rise in double mastectomy
• Ocean currents push phytoplankton, and pollution, around the globe faster than thought
• Study examines safety, immune response of candidate Ebola vaccines
• New treatment for advanced melanoma shows promise
• Toward quieting the brain
• How much do we really see?
• Antiviral protein linked to depressed mood in mice
• Eating dark chocolate as a daily snack could help boost athletic performance
• Feeding the world without further deforestation is possible
• Half of long-stay nursing home residents go to hospital ED regardless of cognitive status
• Psychologists study intense awe astronauts feel viewing Earth from space
• The more you run, the denser your bones will be
• Health problems may predict traumatic brain injuries in older adults
• Ancient tectonic activity was trigger for ice ages
• Watercress extract detoxifies carcinogens in smokers, clinical trial demonstrates
• Cheap, efficient and flexible solar cells: New world record for fullerene-free polymer solar cells
• Measuring the heat capacity of condensed light: Method can be used for ultra-precise thermometers
• States with punitive justice systems have higher rates of foster care, study finds
• Research paves way for monocyte based cell therapy
• Medicaid expansion significantly boosts insurance coverage among low-income adults
• Delaying radiation therapy for women with very early breast cancer ups recurrence
• Scientists identify genes connected to wellbeing, depression and neuroticism
• Nano-magnets produce 3-dimensional images
• Unexpected spiral vortex phenomenon found when liquid is pushed through cross-shaped pathways
• Microbial biosensor designed to evaluate water toxicity
• Is your home harming you? New research highlights deadly effects of indoor pollution
• Scientists issue rallying cry for wheat blast research
• Revolutionary 3D printed fashion to be developed
• New hope for treating atheriosclerosis
• New therapy strategies for primary sclerosing cholangitis indicate initial success
• Double advantage of potential new diabetes treatment
• Researchers achieve a first by coaxing molecules into assembling themselves
• Sonic hedgehog gene provides evidence that our limbs may have evolved from sharks' gills
• Use the right analogy, survive the zombie apocalypse
• Increased saturated fat intake linked to aggressive prostate cancer
• Compound from hops lowers cholesterol, blood sugar and weight gain
• First computer program developed to detect DNA mutations in single cancer cells

Lemurs mix smelly secretions to make richer, longer-lasting scents Posted: 19 Apr 2016 06:42 PM PDT Humans aren't alone in their ability to mix perfumes and colognes. Lemurs, too, get more out of their smelly secretions by combining fragrances from different scent glands to create richer, longer-lasting scents.

Built-in shades may protect delicate sensors from blinding light Posted: 19 Apr 2016 03:47 PM PDT Today's imaging technologies allow highly sensitive cameras to detect even the faintest glimmers of light. Unfortunately, however, highly sensitive pieces of optical equipment are also highly susceptible to damage. Intense light beams overwhelm devices designed to detect single photons.

Merging black holes, gravitational waves provide new insight into how the universe works Posted: 19 Apr 2016 03:27 PM PDT On Sept. 14, waves of energy traveling for more than a billion years gently rattled space-time in the vicinity of Earth. The disturbance, produced by a pair of merging black holes, was captured by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) facilities in Hanford, Washington, and Livingston, Louisiana. This event marked the first-ever detection of gravitational waves and opens a new scientific window on how the universe works.

Transgender college students at higher risk for suicide attempts after denial of access to bathrooms, appropriate housing, study finds Posted: 19 Apr 2016 11:55 AM PDT Transgender university and college students are at a significantly higher risk for suicide attempts when their campus experience includes denial of access to bathrooms and gender-appropriate campus housing, according to researchers.

Return of vaccine-preventable diseases has implications for hospital care Posted: 19 Apr 2016 11:55 AM PDT With the re-emergence of measles, mumps, diphtheria, and other vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), many healthcare providers are encountering these diseases—and their potentially serious and even fatal outcomes—for the first time. A new article presents a review and update for hospital-based providers who may encounter VPDs—particularly the operating room and intensive care unit.

Research improves conductive plastic for health, energy, other technologies Posted: 19 Apr 2016 11:54 AM PDT An international team of scientists has developed methods to improve the performance of a conductive plastic that can be used in devices that interface with the human body.

Causes of childhood obesity complex, but families, media play key roles Posted: 19 Apr 2016 11:54 AM PDT Although the causes of obesity are complex, families have significant influence on children's dietary habits and weight, and should be involved in planning healthy living campaigns and efforts to curb food marketing that targets children, suggest a new study.

Prison's extended punch Posted: 19 Apr 2016 11:54 AM PDT A study of female inmates suggests those who grew up in homes where at least one adult was incarcerated were at greater risk for lifelong neurological problems.

Americans used less energy in 2015 according to analysis Posted: 19 Apr 2016 11:54 AM PDT Americans used less energy overall in 2015 than the previous year, according to the most recent energy flow charts. Among the results, residential natural gas consumption fell by 0.5 quads in 2015 due to a mild winter. Commercial and industrial uses of energy saw much smaller decreases.

Seeing double: NASA missions measure solar flare from 2 spots in space Posted: 19 Apr 2016 11:54 AM PDT Solar flares are intense bursts of light from the sun. They are created when complicated magnetic fields suddenly and explosively rearrange themselves, converting magnetic energy into light through a process called magnetic reconnection -- at least, that's the theory, because the signatures of this process are hard to detect. But during a December 2013 solar flare, three solar observatories captured the most comprehensive observations of an electromagnetic phenomenon called a current sheet, strengthening the evidence that this understanding of solar flares is correct.

First Salish Sea-wide shoreline armoring study shows cumulative effects on ecosystem Posted: 19 Apr 2016 11:54 AM PDT Impacts associated with shoreline armoring can scale up to have cumulative, large-scale effects on the characteristics of Salish Sea shorelines and the diversity of life they support, new research shows.

Surgeons develop innovative technique for reconstructing breast after mastectomy Posted: 19 Apr 2016 11:54 AM PDT Plastic surgeons have developed a new breast reconstruction technique that combines advantages of two different types of microsurgical procedures using abdominal and other tissue to reconstruct the breast after a mastectomy.

Religious rhetoric not helpful in anti-alcohol messages Posted: 19 Apr 2016 11:47 AM PDT Does including a religious message in a public service announcement warning of the dangers of alcohol use make a difference to the viewer, especially if that person lives in a Middle Eastern country in which the predominate religion is Muslim? While one might think it would help sway an opinion, recent research indicates that's not necessarily the case.

Scientists describe new research model to enhance Zika virus research Posted: 19 Apr 2016 11:47 AM PDT One of the first mouse models has been developed for the study of the Zika virus. The model will allow researchers to better understand how the virus causes disease and aid in the development of antiviral compounds and vaccines.

Scientists propose treatment for severe lung diseases Posted: 19 Apr 2016 11:47 AM PDT Researchers are developing a new drug to treat life-threatening lung damage and breathing problems in people with severe infections like pneumonia, those undergoing certain cancer treatments and premature infants with underdeveloped, injury prone lungs. Scientists report that a transcription factor called FOXF1 activates several biological processes that promote recovery from acute lung injury.

Cities have individual microbial signatures Posted: 19 Apr 2016 11:47 AM PDT Cities have their own distinct microbial communities but these communities don't vary much between offices located in the same city, according to a new study. The work offers insight into what drives the composition of microbes in built environments.

Aspirin use may help prevent bile duct cancer, study finds Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:03 AM PDT Aspirin use is associated with a significantly reduced risk of developing bile duct cancer, also called cholangiocarcinoma, report scientists at the conclusion of their study.

When it comes to a child's weight in the ER, Mom knows best Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:01 AM PDT Parents outperform even sophisticated measurement systems in emergency departments when it comes to estimating their children's body weight, according to the results of a systematic review of the literature on pediatric weight estimation.

'Good cop' parent not enough to buffer some harmful effects of 'bad cop' parent Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:01 AM PDT Harsh parenting may increase a child's risk for poor physical health and obesity as they get older, new research indicates. And attempts by one parent to counterbalance the harsh behavior are not always effective in lessening that risk.

Victorian Age technology can improve virtual reality, study finds Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:01 AM PDT 'Monovision' -- a simple technique borrowed from ophthalmology that dates to the monocle of the Victorian Age -- can improve user performance in virtual reality environments, scientists report.

Factors that may influence influenza vaccine effectiveness Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:01 AM PDT Currently, seasonal flu vaccines are designed to induce high levels of protective antibodies against hemagglutinin (HA), a protein found on the surface of the influenza virus that enables the virus to enter a human cell and initiate infection. New research found that higher levels of antibody against a different flu surface protein -- neuraminidase (NA) -- were the better predictor of protection against flu infection and its unpleasant side effects.

Corporate sustainability should be core strategy, requires paths unique to each business Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:01 AM PDT In an effort to qualify the process of investing in corporate sustainability, researchers examined two major international apparel brands, Nike and Adidas, to determine the paths taken to reach corporate sustainability. They found that while both companies are currently models of corporate sustainability, they took very different paths to reach the end goal.

Endogenous oxidants: New methods for monitoring processes in the organism Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:01 AM PDT Two novel biological measuring systems have been developed that facilitate better analysis of disease-relevant changes in the oxidation state of cells. One of the methods can be used, for the first time, to observe variations and changes in cellular oxidation states in tissue sections. The other is a newly developed biosensor that is a sensitive enough to facilitate real-time measurements of subtle oxidative changes in metabolism.

Media coverage of celebrities with breast cancer influencing rise in double mastectomy Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:01 AM PDT An increase in women with breast cancer choosing double mastectomy may be influenced by media coverage of celebrities, a new study finds.

Ocean currents push phytoplankton, and pollution, around the globe faster than thought Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:01 AM PDT Ocean currents can carry objects to almost any place on the globe in less than a decade, faster than previously thought. While good for microorganisms such as phytoplankton that are essential to the marine food web, it also means that plastic debris, radioactive particles and virtually any kind of litter can quickly become a problem in areas far from where they originated.

Study examines safety, immune response of candidate Ebola vaccines Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:00 AM PDT A phase 1 trial has been conducted to evaluate the tolerability and immunogenicity of two candidate Ebola vaccines, an adenovirus type 26 vector vaccine (Ad26.ZEBOV), and a modified Ankara vector vaccine (MVA-BN-Filo).

New treatment for advanced melanoma shows promise Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:00 AM PDT Researchers examined tumor response and overall survival following administration of the antibody pembrolizumab among patients with advanced melanoma.

Toward quieting the brain Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:00 AM PDT Chronic brain diseases such as epilepsy involve disturbances of the brain's electrical activity. Finding new and better ways to correct them is the dream of millions of patients, their physicians and researchers.

How much do we really see? Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:00 AM PDT Glance out the window and then close your eyes. Maybe you noticed it's raining and there was a man carrying an umbrella. Did you catch the shape of its handle? Probably not. Some neuroscientists would say that your eyes still capture everything in front of you. But there are flaws to this logic, researchers argue. It may be that our vision only reflects the gist of what we see.

Antiviral protein linked to depressed mood in mice Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:00 AM PDT The flu and other viral infections have long been known to cause mood changes, beyond the more familiar symptoms of fever and sore throat. A study in mice now reveals how the antiviral immune response alters brain activity. Upon infection, brain cells lining blood vessels produce a protein called CXCL10, which impairs neuronal firing in the hippocampus -- a brain region important in learning, memory, and mood.

Eating dark chocolate as a daily snack could help boost athletic performance Posted: 19 Apr 2016 09:01 AM PDT Dark chocolate has already been hailed for its positive effects on cardiovascular health – and now a new study has found the tasty treat could help give sports enthusiasts an extra edge in their fitness training.

Feeding the world without further deforestation is possible Posted: 19 Apr 2016 09:01 AM PDT Deforestation is necessary to feed the growing global population – this is a common belief that has now been disproven by researchers. In a new study, they present results that reveal that it is possible to produce sufficient food for the world in 2050 and at the same time maintain the current forests of the world.

Half of long-stay nursing home residents go to hospital ED regardless of cognitive status Posted: 19 Apr 2016 09:01 AM PDT Almost half of long-stay nursing home residents experience at least one transfer to an ED over course of a year regardless of cognitive status. Only about a third of these individuals were subsequently admitted to the hospital, new research shows.

Psychologists study intense awe astronauts feel viewing Earth from space Posted: 19 Apr 2016 09:00 AM PDT By analyzing accounts of awe that result from seeing Earth from space, psychologists delve deep into the psychology of astronauts.

The more you run, the denser your bones will be Posted: 19 Apr 2016 07:42 AM PDT Researchers have analyzed the effect of endurance running training on the stiffness index, a variable that is directly related to bone quality. The results confirm that the greater the race distance that is trained, the better; this can be used, therefore, to prevent the progressive decline in bone mineral density that occurs with age. In healthy individuals, bone quality – chiefly determined by bone mineral density – depends on factors such as sex, age, race and diet. It can be modified, however, by making life style changes -for instance by doing regular exercise.

Health problems may predict traumatic brain injuries in older adults Posted: 19 Apr 2016 07:41 AM PDT Researchers set out to learn about the risk factors for traumatic brain injuries in older adults so that healthcare professionals can develop strategies to prevent these types of injuries whenever possible.

Ancient tectonic activity was trigger for ice ages Posted: 19 Apr 2016 07:41 AM PDT Continental shifting may have acted as a natural mechanism for extreme carbon sequestration.

Watercress extract detoxifies carcinogens in smokers, clinical trial demonstrates Posted: 19 Apr 2016 07:41 AM PDT Watercress extract taken multiple times a day significantly inhibits the activation of a tobacco-derived carcinogen in cigarette smokers, researchers demonstrated in a phase II clinical trial.

Cheap, efficient and flexible solar cells: New world record for fullerene-free polymer solar cells Posted: 19 Apr 2016 07:38 AM PDT Polymer solar cells can be even cheaper and more reliable thanks to a new breakthrough. This work is about avoiding costly and unstable fullerenes.

Measuring the heat capacity of condensed light: Method can be used for ultra-precise thermometers Posted: 19 Apr 2016 07:38 AM PDT Liquid water is a very good heat storage medium -- anyone with a Thermos bottle knows that. However, as soon as water boils or freezes, its storage capacity drops precipitously. Physicists have now observed very similar behavior in a gas of light particles. Their findings can be used, for example, to produce ultra-precise thermometers.

States with punitive justice systems have higher rates of foster care, study finds Posted: 19 Apr 2016 07:03 AM PDT The number of children in foster care across the country is driven not solely by child abuse and neglect, but by states' varying politics and approaches to social problems, a new study finds.

Research paves way for monocyte based cell therapy Posted: 19 Apr 2016 07:01 AM PDT Adult circulating monocytes that get access to the macrophage niche in the liver or the lung can acquire identical tissue-specific macrophage functions and self-maintenance capacities as macrophages of embryonic origin, scientists have discovered. This paves the way towards monocyte-based cellular therapy in diseases associated with macrophage dysfunction, such as the disease known as pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Using a mouse model for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, the authors demonstrate that this rare disease can be cured by a single transfer of monocytes.

Medicaid expansion significantly boosts insurance coverage among low-income adults Posted: 19 Apr 2016 07:00 AM PDT States that expanded Medicaid coverage under the Affordable Care Act saw a significant increase in rates of health insurance among low-income adults compared with states that did not expand the program, researcher have found. They also found improved quality of coverage, more frequent use of health care, and increased rates of diagnoses for chronic health conditions.

Delaying radiation therapy for women with very early breast cancer ups recurrence Posted: 19 Apr 2016 07:00 AM PDT Delaying radiation therapy too long after surgery significantly increases the risk of recurrent tumors in women treated for very early, or what is referred to as 'stage 0,' breast cancer, according to new research.

Scientists identify genes connected to wellbeing, depression and neuroticism Posted: 19 Apr 2016 07:00 AM PDT In one of the largest genomic studies to date, a group of more than 190 scientists have identified genes that are tied to depression, neuroticism and subjective wellbeing. Some of these genes also have links to issues such as schizophrenia and anxiety disorder.

Nano-magnets produce 3-dimensional images Posted: 19 Apr 2016 07:00 AM PDT Researchers have developed a wide-view 3- dimensional (3-D) holographic display composed of nano-magnetic pixels. This 3-D display, with 1-µm-pitch pixels, can show holographic images at viewing angle of over 30°. This display is an attractive option for visualizing 3-D objects with a smooth motion parallax and without using special glasses.

Unexpected spiral vortex phenomenon found when liquid is pushed through cross-shaped pathways Posted: 19 Apr 2016 07:00 AM PDT In many plumbing and pipework systems in general, there are junctions and connections to move liquids such as water in different directions, but have you ever thought about what happens to the water in those fluid intersections? A team of researchers found an unexpected spiral vortex phenomenon that occurs in the intersections of cross-shaped devices when liquid flows through the channels in a particular way.

Microbial biosensor designed to evaluate water toxicity Posted: 19 Apr 2016 07:00 AM PDT A paper-based biosensor covered with bacteria has been designed to detect water toxicity. This is an innovative and inexpensive biological tool which can be easy to use in economically restricted areas or developing countries.

Is your home harming you? New research highlights deadly effects of indoor pollution Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:45 AM PDT Indoor pollution from smoke, building materials and spores kills millions each year, say researchers. New work offers insight into 'Sick Building Syndrome' and how new smart cities could help combat air quality issues. Lack of real-time air pollution data hinders simple safety precautions that could improve health and wellbeing, say authors.

Scientists issue rallying cry for wheat blast research Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:45 AM PDT A team of scientists is turning to the combined knowledge of the global scientific community to address an emerging threat to Asian agriculture.

Revolutionary 3D printed fashion to be developed Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:45 AM PDT Developers have teamed up with global textile and garment manufacturer to embark on landmark work in 3D textile printing that could revolutionize how clothes and footwear are made.

New hope for treating atheriosclerosis Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:39 AM PDT An American mother's hunch might result in new treatments for patients who can't tolerate conventional cholesterol-lowering drugs.

New therapy strategies for primary sclerosing cholangitis indicate initial success Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:38 AM PDT The new therapy strategy for primary sclerosing cholangitis, a liver disease that at present still cannot be cured with medication, shows initial measureable success with the nor-ursodeoxycholic acid (norUrso). A multi-centric phase II study with 45 involved centers from all across Europe demonstrated that when norUrso was administered to 161 patients for the first time "there were significant improvements in liver function test results in all tested dosing" according one researcher.

Double advantage of potential new diabetes treatment Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:32 AM PDT Blocking the hormone that raises sugar levels in the blood could increase insulin levels while keeping blood sugar levels down, report investigators. The findings in mice point to a novel way to treat diabetes -- but only in some patients. They also challenge the benefits of the strategy in severely diabetic patients.

Researchers achieve a first by coaxing molecules into assembling themselves Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:32 AM PDT Chemistry researchers have managed to coax molecules known as tellurazole oxides into assembling themselves into cyclic structures -- a major advance in their field that creates a new and promising set of materials.

Sonic hedgehog gene provides evidence that our limbs may have evolved from sharks' gills Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:32 AM PDT Latest analysis shows that human limbs share a genetic programme with the gills of cartilaginous fishes such as sharks and skates, providing evidence to support a century-old theory on the origin of limbs that had been widely discounted.

Use the right analogy, survive the zombie apocalypse Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:19 AM PDT A new study by a marketing professor looks at the best ways to use analogies in marketing.

Increased saturated fat intake linked to aggressive prostate cancer Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:19 AM PDT A link between higher intake of dietary saturated fat, a type of fat found commonly in foods such as fatty beef and cheese, and risk of aggressive prostate cancer has been identified by a research team.

Compound from hops lowers cholesterol, blood sugar and weight gain Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:18 AM PDT A recent study has identified specific intake levels of xanthohumol, a natural flavonoid found in hops, that significantly improved some of the underlying markers of metabolic syndrome in laboratory animals and also reduced weight gain.

First computer program developed to detect DNA mutations in single cancer cells Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:17 AM PDT A new method for detecting DNA mutations in a single cancer cell has been announced. This is in comparison to current technology that analyzes millions of cells which they believe could have important applications for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

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