ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Drugs show potential for combating aggressive form of lung cancer
• Do more uphill sprints! Higher anaerobic fitness gives edge to mountain ultra-marathon runners
• What elephant seals can tell us about using carbon monoxide to heal
• Trial offers objective evidence of muscle-related side effects with statins
• Evacetrapib Fails to Reduce Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events
• Tool to engage patients with chest pain in care decisions shows benefits
• International technology-based competition associated with more exercise
• Single-gene mutations account for only 2 percent of cases of severely elevated cholesterol
• Abaloparatide may help prevent fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
• Testosterone supplementation reduces heart attack risk in men with heart disease
• Crime: Measuring by 'damage to victims' will improve policing and public safety
• Elevated troponin linked to mental stress ischemia in heart disease patients
• Rates of death and stroke equivalent for surgery and TAVR at two years
• A new drug may help relieve menopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy symptoms
• Tanning may protect skin against harmful UV irradiation but block vitamin D synthesis
• Radioactive iodine treatment in women affects ovarian reserve and may affect fertility
• Oxytocin nasal spray improves self-control in overweight men
• Study investigates light, biological clocks, estrogen receptor expression in the breast
• Anti-mullerian hormone may help detect polycystic ovary syndrome in obese adolescent girls
• Steroid medicine reduces function of calorie-burning brown fat
• Estrogen-deficient female athletes' memory improves with estrogen
• More dietary calcium may lower risk of cardiovascular disease
• Dual device-drug therapy improves uncontrolled diabetes and obesity
• Elevated levels of inflammation marker offsets benefits of good cholesterol
• Improving depression symptoms can reduce risk of major cardiovascular problems, new study finds
• Low levels of two components of vitamin D can help predict risk of heart attack
• BEAT hunger with safe, nonsurgical weight loss treatment
• Nonsurgical fibroid treatment: Research shows improved sexual desire, function
• Breakthrough in cybersecurity is no phish story
• A new way to characterize twisted light
• Global study finds neighborhood design helps put best foot forward for health
• 3-D printing creates structure with active chemistry
• Ancient Southwest marked by repeated periods of boom and bust

Drugs show potential for combating aggressive form of lung cancer Posted: 03 Apr 2016 05:04 PM PDT A new study shows that blocking the blood supply of small cell lung cancer tumors may help slow their growth and delay a rebound after chemotherapy. Small cell lung cancer is one of the most devastating forms of cancer and a significant cause of cancer deaths each year.

Do more uphill sprints! Higher anaerobic fitness gives edge to mountain ultra-marathon runners Posted: 03 Apr 2016 05:04 PM PDT New research suggests a runner's pre-race anaerobic fitness capacity may be a key factor in determining who will have the fastest finishing times during grueling 50 km (31 mile) mountain ultramarathons.

What elephant seals can tell us about using carbon monoxide to heal Posted: 03 Apr 2016 05:03 PM PDT Researchers are studying how marine mammals -- which have naturally high levels of carbon monoxide -- might shed light on the protective effects of carbon monoxide. The findings could help refine approaches for carbon monoxide-based therapies currently being tested in several ongoing clinical trials.

Trial offers objective evidence of muscle-related side effects with statins Posted: 03 Apr 2016 05:01 PM PDT The first major clinical trial to include a blinded, placebo-controlled "statin re-challenge" in patients with a history of muscle-related side effects sheds new light on statin-associated muscle symptoms, according to new research. The trial also demonstrates that monthly self-injection of the relatively new non-statin cholesterol-lowering drug evolocumab reduces levels of low-density lipoprotein, or LDL, cholesterol to a greater extent than ezetimibe, a traditional drug used in statin-intolerant patients.

Evacetrapib Fails to Reduce Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Posted: 03 Apr 2016 05:01 PM PDT Despite lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL), known as "bad" cholesterol, while markedly increasing levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or "good" cholesterol, a large clinical trial to investigate the cholesterol drug evacetrapib was discontinued early after a preliminary analysis showed it did not reduce rates of major adverse cardiovascular events, according to new research.

Tool to engage patients with chest pain in care decisions shows benefits Posted: 03 Apr 2016 05:01 PM PDT Patients visiting a hospital emergency department with chest pain who engaged with their physician in shared decision-making using a tool called Chest Pain Choice showed improved knowledge of their health status and follow-up care options compared with patients who received standard counseling from a physician without the use of this decision aid, according to new research.

International technology-based competition associated with more exercise Posted: 03 Apr 2016 05:01 PM PDT A competition that used technology to encourage and track physical activity was effective at helping participants lose weight and exercise more in both developed and developing countries, according to a new study.

Single-gene mutations account for only 2 percent of cases of severely elevated cholesterol Posted: 03 Apr 2016 04:59 PM PDT A study from an international research team finds that familial hypercholesterolemia accounts for less than 2 percent of severely elevated LDL in the general population. But the team also found that the risk of coronary artery disease is significantly higher in individuals with FH than in people with similarly elevated LDL levels who do not have FH mutations.

Abaloparatide may help prevent fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis Posted: 03 Apr 2016 04:59 PM PDT The investigational drug abaloparatide-SC (subcutaneous) may help increase bone mineral density in postmenopausal women and reduce their risk of fracture, new industry-sponsored research suggests.

Testosterone supplementation reduces heart attack risk in men with heart disease Posted: 03 Apr 2016 04:59 PM PDT A new multi-year study shows that testosterone therapy helped elderly men with low testosterone levels and pre-existing coronary artery disease reduce their risks of major adverse cardiovascular events -- including strokes, heart attacks, and death.

Crime: Measuring by 'damage to victims' will improve policing and public safety Posted: 03 Apr 2016 04:59 PM PDT Current crime stats are 'legacy of 19th century' that push police to chase minor offences instead of preventing most serious crimes. New 'crime harm index' quantifies true cost of crime: damage caused to victims and society. Simple tool based on 'imprisonable days' allows targeted policing of areas and perpetrators producing greatest victim harm. Experts call on governments to adopt low-cost metric for greater transparency of crime trends and risks.

Elevated troponin linked to mental stress ischemia in heart disease patients Posted: 03 Apr 2016 04:59 PM PDT People with heart disease who experience mental stress induced-ischemia tend to have higher levels of troponin -- a protein whose presence in the blood that is a sign of recent damage to the heart muscle -- all the time, independently of whether they are experiencing stress or chest pain at that moment.

Rates of death and stroke equivalent for surgery and TAVR at two years Posted: 03 Apr 2016 12:24 PM PDT Intermediate-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis who receive minimally invasive transcatheter aortic valve replacement, known as TAVR, have similar rates of death and disabling strokes after two years compared with those undergoing standard open heart surgical replacement, according to a new study. Patients receiving TAVR also experienced shorter hospital stays and lower incidence of some major complications compared with those undergoing surgery.

A new drug may help relieve menopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy symptoms Posted: 03 Apr 2016 12:23 PM PDT A new low-dose vaginal estrogen capsule may help relieve symptoms of menopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy, including dyspareunia (pain during sex), new industry-sponsored research reports.

Tanning may protect skin against harmful UV irradiation but block vitamin D synthesis Posted: 03 Apr 2016 12:23 PM PDT As skin tans, it darkens to protect itself against harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, but the increasing pigment blocks vitamin D synthesis, limiting the skin's ability to produce more vitamin D, a new study from finds.

Radioactive iodine treatment in women affects ovarian reserve and may affect fertility Posted: 03 Apr 2016 12:23 PM PDT Women of reproductive age who have thyroid cancer should be cautious about receiving radioactive iodine treatment, which affects their remaining egg supply -- their ovarian reserve -- and may affect their fertility, new research from finds.

Oxytocin nasal spray improves self-control in overweight men Posted: 03 Apr 2016 12:23 PM PDT A single dose of oxytocin nasal spray, known to reduce food intake, decreases impulsive behavior in overweight and obese men.

Study investigates light, biological clocks, estrogen receptor expression in the breast Posted: 03 Apr 2016 12:23 PM PDT Researchers are exploring one possible physiologic explanation of why prior studies have demonstrated a higher risk of breast cancer in women who experience high levels of illumination at night.

Anti-mullerian hormone may help detect polycystic ovary syndrome in obese adolescent girls Posted: 03 Apr 2016 12:23 PM PDT Anti-Mullerian hormone blood levels may provide a useful biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome in obese adolescent girls, new research suggests.

Steroid medicine reduces function of calorie-burning brown fat Posted: 03 Apr 2016 12:23 PM PDT Steroid medications inhibit the activity of brown fat, which is the 'good,' calorie-burning fat humans and animals have, researchers have discovered.

Estrogen-deficient female athletes' memory improves with estrogen Posted: 03 Apr 2016 12:21 PM PDT In young female athletes who stop having their menstrual periods because of excessive exercise, estrogen replacement appears to improve their memory, a new study finds.

More dietary calcium may lower risk of cardiovascular disease Posted: 03 Apr 2016 12:21 PM PDT In older people, higher dietary calcium intake may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, but not of stroke and fracture, new research suggests.

Dual device-drug therapy improves uncontrolled diabetes and obesity Posted: 03 Apr 2016 12:21 PM PDT Combining a temporary one-year intestinal bypass device with the drug liraglutide helps patients lose weight and improve their diabetes control better than using either the device or the drug alone, new research reports.

Elevated levels of inflammation marker offsets benefits of good cholesterol Posted: 03 Apr 2016 12:21 PM PDT People with high levels of good cholesterol, or high-density lipoprotein, are not as safe from heart disease when high levels of a newly identified biomarker of inflammation in the arteries are also found in the bloodstream, according to a new study.

Improving depression symptoms can reduce risk of major cardiovascular problems, new study finds Posted: 03 Apr 2016 12:21 PM PDT A new study found that effectively treating depression can reduce a patient's chance of having a stroke, heart failure, a heart attack or death.

Low levels of two components of vitamin D can help predict risk of heart attack Posted: 03 Apr 2016 12:21 PM PDT Low levels of total vitamin D and bioavailable vitamin D can help predict a person's risk of major adverse cardiovascular events such as a heart attack, stroke, heart failure or death.

BEAT hunger with safe, nonsurgical weight loss treatment Posted: 03 Apr 2016 12:21 PM PDT A safe, new, minimally invasive treatment, developed by interventional radiologists, led to sustained weight loss in severely obese people.

Nonsurgical fibroid treatment: Research shows improved sexual desire, function Posted: 03 Apr 2016 12:21 PM PDT Women who underwent a nonsurgical, image-guided treatment, uterine fibroid embolization, for the treatment of uterine fibroids experienced improved sexual function and a higher overall quality of life.

Breakthrough in cybersecurity is no phish story Posted: 01 Apr 2016 07:07 PM PDT Corporations, small businesses and public sector entities have tried unsuccessfully for years to educate consumers and employees on how to recognize phishing emails, those authentic-looking messages that encourage users to open a cloaked, though malicious, hyperlink or attachment that appears harmless.

A new way to characterize twisted light Posted: 01 Apr 2016 07:07 PM PDT Researchers have overcome experimental challenges to demonstrate a new way for getting a full picture of twisted light: characterizing the Wigner distribution. Twisted light has raised researchers' interest for its potential for quantum communication applications.

Global study finds neighborhood design helps put best foot forward for health Posted: 01 Apr 2016 07:06 PM PDT More walkable neighborhoods, parks and public transit could all reduce your chance of becoming one of the 600 million adults who battle obesity worldwide. The study found a neighborhood's design plays a critical role in physical activity and could help reduce non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

3-D printing creates structure with active chemistry Posted: 01 Apr 2016 11:45 AM PDT For the first time, researchers have demonstrated how to use commercial 3-D printers to create a structure with active chemistry.

Ancient Southwest marked by repeated periods of boom and bust Posted: 01 Apr 2016 11:45 AM PDT The heavily studied yet largely unexplained disappearance of ancestral Pueblo people from southwest Colorado is not all that unique, say scientists. They say the region saw three other cultural transitions over the preceding five centuries. The researchers also document recurring narratives in which the Pueblo people agreed on canons of ritual, behavior and belief that quickly dissolved as climate change hurt crops and precipitated social turmoil and violence.

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