ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Raising a child with autism: How optimism can help to cope
• Placental RNA may help protect embryo from viruses, study finds
• Scientists pioneer a breakthrough approach to breast cancer treatment
• Better way to diagnose, manage neuroendocrine tumors
• Screening for postpartum depression: Research review and update
• Bacterial individualism: Survival strategy for hard times
• When beneficial bacteria knock but no one is home
• New data on brain network activity can help in understanding 'cognitive vulnerability' to depression
• Can gender play a role in determining cancer treatment choices?
• Study shows possible 'key' to improved therapy for adrenocortical carcinoma
• International collaboration for genome analysis leads to clues about rare cancer
• Experimental therapy halts treatment-resistant brain tumors in mouse model
• Fewer overweight or obese children in Canada after years of increased rates
• E-cigarettes not meeting potential as 'disruptive technology,' study shows
• Do genes express themselves through poetry?
• Radiotherapy halves deaths from prostate cancer 15 years after diagnosis
• Delayed concussion reporting may sideline college athletes for several more days
• Malaria vaccine protects adults for up to a year, new study finds
• Discovery of lung cancer mutations responsive to targeted therapies, immunotherapies
• Exploring the gut-brain connection for insights into multiple sclerosis
• Yellow fever epidemic: New global health emergency?
• 'Second skin': New material temporarily tightens skin
• Pesticide exposure linked to increased risk of ALS
• Fooling the test: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria that look susceptible
• Drug works against 'superbug' biofilms, respiratory virus
• Infants swaddling for sleep associated with sudden infant death syndrome
• Calcium pump caught in the act
• Where you are is who you are: How enclosed and open spaces affect cognition
• Novel role for spleen B cells in inflammatory response to bacterial toxins
• In US, celiac disease diagnosis is most common among patients with Punjabi ancestry
• No evidence found linking anti-nausea drug to birth defects
• Medicare Part D boosts medication adherence, reduces blood pressure risk
• Hormones that are released during hunger affect decision making
• How fasting helps fight fatty liver disease
• Antidepressant use during pregnancy may lengthen umbilical cord
• Evaluating patient files without violating privacy
• Specific changes to non-coding RNA may be part of what makes us human
• Cancer may drive health problems as people age
• Serious video games may help increase fruit and vegetable intake

Raising a child with autism: How optimism can help to cope Posted: 09 May 2016 04:18 PM PDT Humans are resilient, even facing the toughest of life's challenges. How individuals and families deal with demanding and emotionally charged circumstances plays a large role in how they view and face the world and the possible outcomes of a difficult situation. There's no exception for the challenging Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and how families adjust and cope with the reported stress of raising a child with autism.

Placental RNA may help protect embryo from viruses, study finds Posted: 09 May 2016 04:10 PM PDT A long non-coding RNA, or lncRNA, has been identified that contributes to a crucial function of the placenta: protecting the unborn baby from invading pathogens.

Scientists pioneer a breakthrough approach to breast cancer treatment Posted: 09 May 2016 12:26 PM PDT In a development that could lead to a new generation of drugs to precisely treat a range of diseases, scientists have for the first time designed a drug candidate that decreases the growth of tumor cells in animal models in one of the hardest to treat cancers—triple negative breast cancer.

Better way to diagnose, manage neuroendocrine tumors Posted: 09 May 2016 11:55 AM PDT Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT scans are superior to In-111 pentetreotide scans, the current imaging standard in the United States for detecting neuroendocrine tumors (NETS), and could significantly impact treatment management, a new study suggests.

Screening for postpartum depression: Research review and update Posted: 09 May 2016 10:30 AM PDT Mothers of new babies should undergo screening for postpartum depression—preferably across healthcare locations and at multiple times up to one year after delivery, according to a new research review.

Bacterial individualism: Survival strategy for hard times Posted: 09 May 2016 10:29 AM PDT Whether you are a human or a bacterium, your environment determines how you can develop. In particular, there are two fundamental problems. First: what resources can you draw on to survive and grow? And second: how do you respond if your environment suddenly changes?

When beneficial bacteria knock but no one is home Posted: 09 May 2016 10:28 AM PDT By studying the interplay between genetic risk factors for Crohn's and the bacteria that populate the gut, researchers at have discovered a new potential cause for this disorder in some patients -- information that may lead to advances in probiotic therapies and personalized medicine.

New data on brain network activity can help in understanding 'cognitive vulnerability' to depression Posted: 09 May 2016 10:28 AM PDT Neuroimaging studies of interconnected brain networks may provide the 'missing links' between behavioral and biological models of cognitive vulnerability to depression, according to a new review.

Can gender play a role in determining cancer treatment choices? Posted: 09 May 2016 10:24 AM PDT It is well known that men and women differ in terms of cancer susceptibility, survival and mortality, but exactly why this occurs at a molecular level has been poorly understood.

Study shows possible 'key' to improved therapy for adrenocortical carcinoma Posted: 09 May 2016 10:24 AM PDT Significant new findings about adrenocortical carcinoma, a rare cancer with an often poor prognosis, have been revealed by a new study comprised of 39 international institutions.

International collaboration for genome analysis leads to clues about rare cancer Posted: 09 May 2016 10:24 AM PDT An international team of researchers through The Cancer Genome Atlas Network uncovered double the number of genetic drivers already known to fuel adrenal cancer.

Experimental therapy halts treatment-resistant brain tumors in mouse model Posted: 09 May 2016 10:24 AM PDT Researchers report an experimental therapy that in laboratory tests stops aggressive, treatment-resistant and deadly brain cancers called glioblastoma and high-grade gliomas. Testing a multi-step therapeutic strategy, the scientists found a way to use a gene therapy to shut down a gene long-implicated in the formation of high-grade gliomas called Olig2.

Fewer overweight or obese children in Canada after years of increased rates Posted: 09 May 2016 10:24 AM PDT After years of increases, the rates of children who are overweight or obese are declining in Canada, according to new research. The study, conducted to understand obesity trends in Canada, looked at data on 14,014 children between the ages of 3 and 19 years. The sex distribution of the group was split evenly and 80% of the children were white.

E-cigarettes not meeting potential as 'disruptive technology,' study shows Posted: 09 May 2016 09:04 AM PDT Most smokers who have tried electronic cigarettes have rejected them as less satisfying than regular cigarettes, reducing their potential to be a "disruptive technology" that could help a significant number of smokers to quit, according to a recent study.

Do genes express themselves through poetry? Posted: 09 May 2016 08:57 AM PDT A new study makes inroads in learning to 'read' the genome, a key goal of modern biology. The results show that the DNA content of our genomes resembles a complex biological language, composed of coding regions and regulatory regions. Although protein-coding regions in DNA could be compared to a traffic signal -- utilizing a simple stop or go message -- the regulatory regions in DNA are more like poetry.

Radiotherapy halves deaths from prostate cancer 15 years after diagnosis Posted: 09 May 2016 08:56 AM PDT A longitudinal Nordic study, comparing the results of hormone (antiandrogen) therapy with or without the addition of local radiotherapy, shows that a combination of treatments halves the risk of death from prostate cancer 15 years after diagnosis.

Delayed concussion reporting may sideline college athletes for several more days Posted: 09 May 2016 08:56 AM PDT Athletes who wait to report a concussion may experience longer recovery times, sayresearchers who found that college players who delayed treatment or removal from play missed an average of five more days of play than athletes who immediately reported concussion symptoms.

Malaria vaccine protects adults for up to a year, new study finds Posted: 09 May 2016 08:55 AM PDT Malaria infects hundreds of millions of people every year, and kills more than half a million, most of them under the age of 5 years. There is no vaccine. But now, a new study has found that an experimental malaria vaccine protected adults from infection for more than a year.

Discovery of lung cancer mutations responsive to targeted therapies, immunotherapies Posted: 09 May 2016 08:55 AM PDT A number of new driver mutations in lung cancer cells has been discovered that may be responsive to genomically targeted therapies and to immunotherapy.

Exploring the gut-brain connection for insights into multiple sclerosis Posted: 09 May 2016 08:51 AM PDT Bacteria living in the gut may remotely influence the activity of cells in the brain that are involved in controlling inflammation and neurodegeneration, new research suggests. Using pre-clinical models for multiple sclerosis (MS) and samples from MS patients, the team found evidence that changes in diet and gut flora may influence astrocytes in the brain, and, consequently, neurodegeneration, pointing to potential therapeutic targets.

Yellow fever epidemic: New global health emergency? Posted: 09 May 2016 08:51 AM PDT Evidence is mounting that the current outbreak of yellow fever is becoming the latest global health emergency, say two experts who call on the World Health Organization to convene an emergency committee under the International Health Regulations. In addition, with frequent emerging epidemics, they call for the creation of a 'standing emergency committee' to be prepared for future health emergencies.

'Second skin': New material temporarily tightens skin Posted: 09 May 2016 08:51 AM PDT Scientists have developed a new material that can temporarily protect and tighten skin, and smooth wrinkles. With further development, it could also be used to deliver drugs to help treat skin conditions such as eczema and other types of dermatitis.

Pesticide exposure linked to increased risk of ALS Posted: 09 May 2016 08:51 AM PDT Survey data suggest reported cumulative pesticide exposure was associated with increased risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease, say investigators.

Fooling the test: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria that look susceptible Posted: 09 May 2016 08:51 AM PDT Scientists characterize Enterobacter cloacae strains recently isolated from patient samples. This type of antibiotic resistance could be causing unexplained treatment failures.

Drug works against 'superbug' biofilms, respiratory virus Posted: 09 May 2016 07:56 AM PDT A new potential drug therapy has proven effective against tough bacterial biofilms and a deadly respiratory virus simultaneously. The drug outperforms traditional therapies in the laboratory setting.

Infants swaddling for sleep associated with sudden infant death syndrome Posted: 09 May 2016 07:56 AM PDT The risk of sudden infant death syndrome appears to increase when infants are swaddled while sleeping on their stomachs or sides, new research has found. The analysis looked at four studies, which spanned two decades and covered three diverse geographical areas, including regions of England, Tasmania in Australia, and Chicago, Ill.

Calcium pump caught in the act Posted: 09 May 2016 07:55 AM PDT One of the cell's key enzymes, the calcium pump, has now been been described in its decisive moment -- a so-called transition state. These findings provide a very detailed picture of how one of the most energy-consuming processes in the body takes place. Calcium pumps are intimately involved in the activity of muscle, such as the heart, and therefore they are considered important targets for development of new drugs for cardiovascular diseases.

Where you are is who you are: How enclosed and open spaces affect cognition Posted: 09 May 2016 07:55 AM PDT A recent study suggests that who we are might be more integrated with where we are than previously thought. The fact that experience can shape individual differences, which in turn can affect the quality of spatial and social cognition a person, suggests that growing up in certain built environments can have detrimental or beneficial effects on their cognitive ability. This brings up questions such as whether raising children in enclosed spaces versus open spaces will result in differences in spatial and social cognition.

Novel role for spleen B cells in inflammatory response to bacterial toxins Posted: 09 May 2016 07:17 AM PDT A new role for marginal zone B lymphocytes has been discovered: enhancing inflammatory responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharides. These findings broaden understanding of marginal zone B cell function and interleukin-6 signaling in the immune system, which could be exploited to treat sepsis.

In US, celiac disease diagnosis is most common among patients with Punjabi ancestry Posted: 09 May 2016 07:17 AM PDT About 1.8 million Americans have celiac disease, an immune-based condition brought on by the consumption of gluten in genetically susceptible patients. Among patients diagnosed with celiac disease by small intestinal biopsy in the US, those from the Punjab region of India have the highest rates of disease, according to new research.

No evidence found linking anti-nausea drug to birth defects Posted: 09 May 2016 05:59 AM PDT No evidence has been found to link the anti-nausea drug Zofran to an increased risk of birth defects. In fact, women with the condition who took Zofran reported fewer miscarriages and pregnancy terminations and higher live birth rates than women with extreme morning sickness who did not take the drug.

Medicare Part D boosts medication adherence, reduces blood pressure risk Posted: 09 May 2016 05:59 AM PDT Implementation of Medicare Part D has increased the number of people taking their prescribed medications as directed – so-called "medication adherence" – and reduced the likelihood that newly covered beneficiaries develop high blood pressure, new research shows.

Hormones that are released during hunger affect decision making Posted: 09 May 2016 05:58 AM PDT Never make a decision when you are hungry. The hormone ghrelin - that is released before meals and known to increase appetite - has a negative effect on both decision making and impulse control, report scientists.

How fasting helps fight fatty liver disease Posted: 09 May 2016 05:53 AM PDT Scientists have new information on what happens at the molecular level when we go hungry. Through new study, they were able to show that upon deprivation of food a certain protein is produced that adjusts the metabolism in the liver.

Antidepressant use during pregnancy may lengthen umbilical cord Posted: 09 May 2016 05:53 AM PDT Umbilical cords of children whose mothers used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy may be longer than umbilical cords of other newborn children, shows a new study. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs, are commonly prescribed antidepressants, and this is the first time their association with umbilical cord length was observed.

Evaluating patient files without violating privacy Posted: 09 May 2016 05:53 AM PDT Patient files may contain vital hints for detecting diseases at an early stage. However, evaluating them would violate patient privacy. This is where mathematics can help, say investigators.

Specific changes to non-coding RNA may be part of what makes us human Posted: 09 May 2016 05:51 AM PDT Human-specific variants of four microRNAs may have altered expression levels and gene targets compared to other great apes, according to a new study.

Cancer may drive health problems as people age Posted: 09 May 2016 05:51 AM PDT A new study indicates that cancer may have negative impacts on both the physical and mental health of individuals as they age. The study suggests that cancer increases the risk for certain health issues above and beyond normal aging.

Serious video games may help increase fruit and vegetable intake Posted: 09 May 2016 05:51 AM PDT Using a serious video game, Squires Quest! II: Saving the Kingdom of Fivealot, researchers evaluated how creating implementation intentions (i.e., specific plans) within the goal-setting component in the game helped fourth and fifth grade students improve fruit and vegetable intake at specific meals.

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