ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Do germs cause type 1 diabetes?
• Untreated sleep apnea may be related to melanoma aggressiveness
• New implantable VAD for severe heart failure in kids shows encouraging results in sheep
• Increasing survival in soft tissue sarcoma patients with lung metastases undergoing resection
• Cancer risk perception could lead to adverse health outcomes among women
• Children, youth take longer to fully recover from concussion
• Minimally invasive tendon repair technique supports knee movement sooner after surgery
• Teamwork enables bacterial survival
• Second gene modifies effect of mutation in a dog model of ALS
• Trojan horses for hospital bugs
• Risk factors identified for readmission to hospital following esophagectomy
• New cancer immunotherapy approach combines tumor fighting power with fewer side effects, study shows
• Converting cells to burn fat, not store it
• Monthly resident handoff of patients may increase risk of dying
• ICUs strained by increased volume and a near doubling of opioid-related deaths
• Metals released by burning fuel oil may damage children's developing lungs
• Promise of nearly a year of life on targeted drug not reality for all liver cancer patients, study finds
• Healthy eating gets no boost after corner store interventions, study finds
• Improving natural killer cancer therapy
• Inaccurate coding of patient data may explain 'weekend effect'
• Freight train: Myo1c provides cellular transport for protein crucial to kidney filtration
• Scientists genetically engineered world's first Zika virus infectious cDNA clone
• Canada's plans to legalize marijuana contravene UN's international conventions, say experts
• HIV vaccine design should adapt as HIV mutates
• Poll: Many parents keep prescription opioids at home
• Obese or anorexic individuals react differently to taste, study says
• E.coli 'anchors' provide novel way to hijack superbugs
• Physical activity associated with lower risk for many cancers
• Frequent religious service attendance linked with decreased mortality risk among women
• Neurosurgeon and electrical engineer walk into a lab...
• Implantation of rapid deployment aortic valve found to be durable, safe, and effective
• Stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer survival rates improved when care includes four specific quality measures
• Helmet-based ventilation is superior to face mask for patients with respiratory distress
• First penile transplant in the United States performed at Massachusetts General Hospital
• International experts publish guidelines for cardiac rehab in developing countries
• Lowering target blood pressure would save lives and money
• Speed trap: Pitchers risk greater injury if MLB cuts time between pitches, researchers warn
• Regular physical activity is 'magic bullet' for pandemics of obesity, cardiovascular disease
• Posting 'anonymized' research data may pose threats to patient privacy
• Designing dementia friendly care homes
• What foods can help fight the risk of chronic inflammation?
• Broader definition of 'severe maternal morbidity' could identify women at risk for pregnancy complications earlier
• Big Data can save lives, says cancer expert
• Resistant neurons point the way to protective factors in ALS
• Home-based pulmonary rehabilitation as effective as hospital-based
• COPD symptoms common among smokers, even when undiagnosed
• Four-stranded DNA is formed and unfolded, researchers show
• Long-acting cardioplegia solution results in better outcomes for pediatric heart surgery patients
• Older Patients with atrial fibrillation at greater risk for post-op tricuspid regurgitation after mitral valve repair
• Scientists identify potential marker of EoE disease activity

Do germs cause type 1 diabetes? Posted: 16 May 2016 06:26 PM PDT Germs could play a role in the development of type 1 diabetes by triggering the body's immune system to destroy the cells that produce insulin, new research suggests.

Untreated sleep apnea may be related to melanoma aggressiveness Posted: 16 May 2016 03:14 PM PDT Untreated severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased aggressiveness of malignant cutaneous melanoma, according to the first multicenter prospective study on the relationship between sleep-disordered breathing (apnea or hypopnea) and cancer.

New implantable VAD for severe heart failure in kids shows encouraging results in sheep Posted: 16 May 2016 03:13 PM PDT First-Ever Implantable VAD for Small Children May Be a Breakthrough for the Management of Pediatric Heart Failure, According to Presentation at 96th AATS Annual Meeting

Increasing survival in soft tissue sarcoma patients with lung metastases undergoing resection Posted: 16 May 2016 03:13 PM PDT Up to 50% of patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) develop lung metastases. Effective systemic therapies for metastatic STS are currently limited; when possible, surgical removal of the lung metastases (known as pulmonary metastasectomy, PM) is the preferred treatment. However, guidelines for the performance of PM for STS do not exist and decisions to operate are often made on an individual basis.

Cancer risk perception could lead to adverse health outcomes among women Posted: 16 May 2016 03:12 PM PDT According to recent studies, the US has a disadvantage in women's life expectancy compared to peer countries despite high rates of health screenings. Researchers have examined the perceptions of risk among females and found that minority and less educated women believe that breast cancer, rather than heart disease, is the more common killer. They recommend health care providers incorporate healthier lifestyle strategies for heart disease with messages for improved breast health.

Children, youth take longer to fully recover from concussion Posted: 16 May 2016 03:12 PM PDT The findings indicate that those in the age group of eight and 16 are not only vulnerable to concussions, but because their brain is still developing, they are neurologically more fragile than adults for performing tasks that require cognitive motor integration following a concussion.

Minimally invasive tendon repair technique supports knee movement sooner after surgery Posted: 16 May 2016 03:12 PM PDT Researchers have found that suture anchors, a less-invasive tendon repair technique, responded better to strength-testing after the surgery, supporting more movement in the knee earlier in the recovery process.

Teamwork enables bacterial survival Posted: 16 May 2016 03:12 PM PDT Researchers have found that two strains of E. coli bacteria, each resistant to one antibiotic, can protect each other in an environment where both drugs are present.

Second gene modifies effect of mutation in a dog model of ALS Posted: 16 May 2016 03:10 PM PDT Canine Degenerative Myelopathy (DM) is a neurodegenerative disease in dogs with similarities to ALS in humans. Scientists have discovered a modifier gene that affects the risk of developing DM in Pembroke Welsh Corgis (PWC).

Trojan horses for hospital bugs Posted: 16 May 2016 03:10 PM PDT Staphylococcus aureus usually is a formidable bacterial pathogen. Sometimes, however, weakened forms are found in the blood of patients. Researchers have now identified one mutation responsible for that phenomenon.

Risk factors identified for readmission to hospital following esophagectomy Posted: 16 May 2016 03:10 PM PDT Researchers have identified risk factors for unplanned readmissions following esophageal resection. The results of their new study provide complete follow-up data for all patients undergoing esophagectomy at a high volume center over a one-year period in order to identify risk factors associated with unplanned readmissions.

New cancer immunotherapy approach combines tumor fighting power with fewer side effects, study shows Posted: 16 May 2016 12:19 PM PDT Basic research into the dual nature of certain immune system cells has set the stage for a new approach to cancer immunotherapy that avoids some of the shortcomings associated with other methods, scientists report in a new study.

Converting cells to burn fat, not store it Posted: 16 May 2016 12:16 PM PDT Researchers have uncovered a new molecular pathway for stimulating the body to burn fat -- a discovery that could help fight obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Monthly resident handoff of patients may increase risk of dying Posted: 16 May 2016 12:16 PM PDT Transitions in care that occur when medical residents leave a clinical rotation and turn their patients' care over to another resident is associated with increased mortality, according to new research.

ICUs strained by increased volume and a near doubling of opioid-related deaths Posted: 16 May 2016 12:16 PM PDT ICU admissions related to opioid overdoses are steadily increasing, and opioid overdose-related ICU deaths have nearly doubled since 2009. New research shows the strain America's opioid crisis is putting on ICUs and the critical care teams who care for these patients and calls attention to efforts needed to meet the demands of this expanding population.

Metals released by burning fuel oil may damage children's developing lungs Posted: 16 May 2016 10:58 AM PDT A new study investigating the health impact of the chemical components of air pollution is reporting that two metals, nickel and vanadium (Ni and V), may be damaging to the developing lungs of children.

Promise of nearly a year of life on targeted drug not reality for all liver cancer patients, study finds Posted: 16 May 2016 10:07 AM PDT The median survival for a group of Medicare patients on the drug sorafenib was three months, which was significantly lower than the median survival of nearly 11 months for patients treated with the drug during a phase III clinical trial, report researchers.

Healthy eating gets no boost after corner store interventions, study finds Posted: 16 May 2016 09:59 AM PDT While many government, community and private interventions look at local corner and convenience stores as prime areas to stoke healthy eating, a new study found that even two years after such an intervention took place, attitudes and purchasing habits didn't change.

Improving natural killer cancer therapy Posted: 16 May 2016 09:59 AM PDT Researchers have discovered a potential way to 'tune up' the immune system's ability to kill cancer cells. In a new paper, they describe their discovery in mice of a tolerance mechanism that restrains the activity of natural killer (NK) cells, and a potential way to overcome it.

Inaccurate coding of patient data may explain 'weekend effect' Posted: 16 May 2016 09:59 AM PDT Studies that use UK hospital coding data to examine 'weekend effects' for acute conditions, such as stroke, may be undermined by inaccurate coding, suggests new research.

Freight train: Myo1c provides cellular transport for protein crucial to kidney filtration Posted: 16 May 2016 09:59 AM PDT Researchers used small-angle X-ray scattering to determine the full structure of the motor protein Myo1c and its complex with Neph1, a protein crucial for kidney filtration. Their findings suggest that Myo1c uses the actin cytoskeleton as a 'track' for Neph1 transport -- a finding with translational relevance for glomerular diseases such as diabetic nephropathy, as movement of Neph1 to and from the surface membrane triggers the injury/recovery response.

Scientists genetically engineered world's first Zika virus infectious cDNA clone Posted: 16 May 2016 09:53 AM PDT A multidisciplinary team is the first in the world to genetically engineer a clone of the Zika virus strain, a development that could expedite many aspects of Zika research, including vaccine and therapeutics development. Cloning the virus unlocks scientists' ability to more quickly develop countermeasures and explore whether or how the Zika virus has evolved to spread more quickly and cause more severe diseases in people.

Canada's plans to legalize marijuana contravene UN's international conventions, say experts Posted: 16 May 2016 09:53 AM PDT The Canadian government's plan to legalize marijuana contravenes its current legal obligations to the United Nation's international drug-control conventions, states a new expert commentary.

HIV vaccine design should adapt as HIV mutates Posted: 16 May 2016 08:57 AM PDT Researchers have demonstrated that HIV has evolved to be pre-adapted to the immune response, worsening clinical outcomes in newly infected patients.

Poll: Many parents keep prescription opioids at home Posted: 16 May 2016 08:54 AM PDT Nearly half of parents whose child had leftover pain medication from a surgery or illness say they kept the prescription opioids at home.

Obese or anorexic individuals react differently to taste, study says Posted: 16 May 2016 08:54 AM PDT Women suffering from anorexia nervosa and those who are obese respond differently to taste, a finding that could lead to new treatments for the eating disorders, report investigators.

E.coli 'anchors' provide novel way to hijack superbugs Posted: 16 May 2016 08:54 AM PDT Scientists may have found a way to stop deadly bacteria from infecting patients. The discovery could lead to a whole new way of treating antibiotic-resistant 'superbugs'. The researchers have uncovered what may be an Achilles heel on the bacteria cell membrane that could act as a potential novel drug target.

Physical activity associated with lower risk for many cancers Posted: 16 May 2016 08:53 AM PDT Higher levels of leisure-time physical activity were associated with lower risks for 13 types of cancers, according to a new study.

Frequent religious service attendance linked with decreased mortality risk among women Posted: 16 May 2016 08:52 AM PDT Women who attended religious services more than once per week were more than 30 percent less likely to die during a 16-year-follow-up than women who never attended, according to a new study. Frequent attendees also had significantly lower risk both from cardiovascular- and cancer-related mortality.

Neurosurgeon and electrical engineer walk into a lab... Posted: 16 May 2016 08:06 AM PDT An interdisciplinary team is developing unique technologies to sense and stimulate individual cells of the brain without invasive electrodes.

Implantation of rapid deployment aortic valve found to be durable, safe, and effective Posted: 16 May 2016 08:05 AM PDT EDWARDS INTUITY valve system shortens duration of interrupted blood flow and heart stoppage during surgery, according to new research.

Stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer survival rates improved when care includes four specific quality measures Posted: 16 May 2016 07:33 AM PDT Only 13% of eligible patients studied benefited from all four quality measures and there is a wide disparity of implementation across the patients analyzed, according to a recent presentation.

Helmet-based ventilation is superior to face mask for patients with respiratory distress Posted: 16 May 2016 07:32 AM PDT Using a transparent air-tight helmet instead of a face mask helps critically ill patients breathe better and can prevent them from needing a ventilator, new research concludes. Patients with helmet ventilation spent less time in the intensive care unit and had better survival.

First penile transplant in the United States performed at Massachusetts General Hospital Posted: 16 May 2016 07:32 AM PDT A team of surgeons at Massachusetts General Hospital announced today that they have performed the nation's first genitourinary reconstructive (penile) transplant. The 15-hour operation, which took place earlier this month, involved surgically grafting the complex microscopic vascular and neural structures of a donor organ onto the comparable structures of the recipient.

International experts publish guidelines for cardiac rehab in developing countries Posted: 16 May 2016 07:32 AM PDT The cardiac rehab model of care is quite standard in developed countries, and consists of risk factor assessment and management, exercise training, patient education, as well as dietary and psychosocial counselling. While it is cost-effective to deliver these programs in countries such as Canada, the United Kingdom and United States, the situation in developing countries is different. Working together, experts from Canada, China, India, Iran, Singapore, South Africa, the Middle East and South America have published the Consensus Statement that includes specific recommendations for cardiac rehab components.

Lowering target blood pressure would save lives and money Posted: 16 May 2016 06:51 AM PDT A study found that lowering blood pressure goals for people with cardiovascular risk factors could save tens of thousands of lives annually and reduce costs.

Speed trap: Pitchers risk greater injury if MLB cuts time between pitches, researchers warn Posted: 16 May 2016 06:18 AM PDT Proposed rule changes by Major League Baseball, designed to speed up the game by reducing time between pitches, could lead to a spike in arm injuries as players have less time to recover between throws, say researchers who have analyzed the impact of fatigue.

Regular physical activity is 'magic bullet' for pandemics of obesity, cardiovascular disease Posted: 16 May 2016 06:18 AM PDT The statistics on regular physical activity in the U.S. are bleak; only about 20 percent of Americans engage in recommended levels of regular physical activity and about 64 percent never do any physical activity.

Posting 'anonymized' research data may pose threats to patient privacy Posted: 16 May 2016 06:18 AM PDT Many healthcare journals encourage researchers to post their original data online, in the interest of research openness. But open sharing of research databases can place private patient information at risk, according to a special topic paper.

Designing dementia friendly care homes Posted: 16 May 2016 06:16 AM PDT As the population ages and demography changes, the world is facing an unprecedented challenge of how to care for and support its older people. While the fact that people are living longer should be celebrated, the flip side is that age-related illness such as dementia are on the rise and it's important to find solutions and alleviate the difficulties people may face as a result.

What foods can help fight the risk of chronic inflammation? Posted: 16 May 2016 06:15 AM PDT A new study has identified food stuffs that can help prevent chronic inflammation that contributes to many leading causes of death.

Broader definition of 'severe maternal morbidity' could identify women at risk for pregnancy complications earlier Posted: 16 May 2016 05:46 AM PDT A new study suggests that widespread adoption of an expanded definition of SMM could identify more at-risk patients, leading to improved care and lives saved.

Big Data can save lives, says cancer expert Posted: 16 May 2016 05:36 AM PDT The sharing of genetic information from millions of cancer patients around the world could be key to revolutionizing cancer prevention and care, according to a leading cancer expert.

Resistant neurons point the way to protective factors in ALS Posted: 16 May 2016 05:36 AM PDT The growth factor IGF-2 can prevent the death of human nerve cells in the incurable disease ALS, according to a new study. The work demonstrates that degeneration-resistant oculomotor neurons can be used as a tool to identify factors able to prevent the degeneration of vulnerable neurons caused by this deadly disease.

Home-based pulmonary rehabilitation as effective as hospital-based Posted: 16 May 2016 05:35 AM PDT Home-based pulmonary rehabilitation may be equally effective in improving fitness and quality of life as a traditional center-based program for COPD patients.

COPD symptoms common among smokers, even when undiagnosed Posted: 16 May 2016 05:35 AM PDT Smokers, who wouldn't typically be diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, are still showing symptoms consistent with the diagnosis, new research has found.

Four-stranded DNA is formed and unfolded, researchers show Posted: 16 May 2016 05:34 AM PDT Specific DNA sequences that are rich in the DNA building block guanine in the yeast species, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, can form four-stranded DNA. In a study, researchers also show that the motor protein Pfh1 can unfold these DNA structures and thus contribute to maintaining an intact genome.

Long-acting cardioplegia solution results in better outcomes for pediatric heart surgery patients Posted: 16 May 2016 05:34 AM PDT During heart surgery, it is sometimes necessary to temporarily stop cardiac activity, a process known as cardioplegia. Specific myocardial protection techniques are necessary for pediatric use. Cardiac surgeons have presented the results of a prospective, randomized trial of pediatric heart surgery patients that shows that the del Nido cardioplegia solution, a new, long-acting agent, offers significant advantages over conventional cardioplegia, including reduced cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp times and faster onset of action.

Older Patients with atrial fibrillation at greater risk for post-op tricuspid regurgitation after mitral valve repair Posted: 16 May 2016 05:34 AM PDT Tricuspid regurgitation occurs when the heart's tricuspid valve leaks, allowing blood to flow back from the right ventricle to the right atrium. TR can be secondary to disorders of left-sided heart valves (mitral or aortic). Investigators present the results of a long-term study of patients who underwent mitral valve (MV) repair. They found that although newly developed TR after MV repair was rare, the risk could increase in older patients with atrial fibrillation and impaired heart function.

Scientists identify potential marker of EoE disease activity Posted: 16 May 2016 05:34 AM PDT A potential marker of disease activity for a severe and often painful food allergic disease called eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has been discovered by researchers, possibly sparing children with EoE the discomfort and risk of endoscopic procedures to assess whether their disease is active.

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