ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Pathogen: Temperature influences gene expression, life cycle in vibrio cholerae
• Neutrons probe structure of enzyme critical to development of next-generation HIV drugs
• Low-salt diets may not be beneficial for all, study suggests
• Nanotubes are beacons in cancer-imaging technique
• Breaking down cancer cell defenses
• Tiny packages may pack powerful treatment for brain tumors
• World report on fertility treatments reveals high use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection
• Probiotic bacteria could provide some protection against cadmium poisoning
• An all-on-chip method for testing neutrophil chemotaxis
• Global spread of Zika 'of utmost concern' say experts
• Electronic device detects molecules linked to cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's
• Fighting cancer with the help of someone else's immune cells
• Resistance mechanism of aggressive brain tumors revealed

Pathogen: Temperature influences gene expression, life cycle in vibrio cholerae Posted: 21 May 2016 04:15 AM PDT Vibrio cholerae infects roughly four million people annually, worldwide, causing severe diarrheal disease, and killing an estimated 140,000 people. Its success as a pathogen belies the challenges this bacterium faces. The waters this bacterium inhabits when it's not infecting H. sapiens can be 40 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than our normal body temperature. Now a team of investigators provides new insights into how different temperatures in the bacterium's environment control expression of genes required for life at those temperatures.

Neutrons probe structure of enzyme critical to development of next-generation HIV drugs Posted: 21 May 2016 04:14 AM PDT Medical researchers used neutron analysis to better understand a protein implicated in the replication of HIV, the retrovirus that causes AIDS. The enzyme, known as HIV-1 protease, is a key drug target for HIV and AIDS therapies. The multi-institutional team used neutron crystallography to uncover detailed interactions of hydrogen bonds at the enzyme's active site, revealing a pH-induced proton 'hopping' mechanism that guides its activity.

Low-salt diets may not be beneficial for all, study suggests Posted: 21 May 2016 04:14 AM PDT A large worldwide study has found that, contrary to popular thought, low-salt diets may not be beneficial and may actually increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death compared to average salt consumption. The study suggests that the only people who need to worry about reducing sodium in their diet are those with hypertension (high blood pressure) and have high salt consumption.

Nanotubes are beacons in cancer-imaging technique Posted: 21 May 2016 04:12 AM PDT Strong LED light, a unique detector and targeted nanotubes combine to offer a new way to pinpoint the location of cancer tumors, according to scientists.

Breaking down cancer cell defenses Posted: 21 May 2016 04:12 AM PDT The mistaken activation of certain cell-surface receptors contributes to a variety of human cancers. Knowing more about the activation process has led researchers to be able to induce greater vulnerability by cancer cells to an existing first-line treatment for cancers (mainly lung) driven by a receptor called EGFR.

Tiny packages may pack powerful treatment for brain tumors Posted: 21 May 2016 04:12 AM PDT A study using nanotechnology to treat brain tumors got such good results, the researchers initially questioned themselves. But further testing showed the results held up.

World report on fertility treatments reveals high use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection Posted: 21 May 2016 04:12 AM PDT Experts have attacked the rising use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for the treatment of infertility, following publication of the latest world report on assisted reproductive technologies.

Probiotic bacteria could provide some protection against cadmium poisoning Posted: 20 May 2016 11:29 AM PDT Oral administration of certain probiotics reduced uptake of the heavy metal, cadmium, in the intestines of mice, and in a laboratory experiment using human intestinal cells. The research might ultimately be applied to improving public health in areas of heavy metal contamination.

An all-on-chip method for testing neutrophil chemotaxis Posted: 20 May 2016 08:04 AM PDT An all-on-chip method enables rapid neutrophil chemotaxis assay directly from a few microliters of blood for both cell migration research and clinical sample test.

Global spread of Zika 'of utmost concern' say experts Posted: 20 May 2016 07:19 AM PDT World Federation of Neurology Working Group on Zika are developing guidelines for diagnosing Zika-related neurological complications.

Electronic device detects molecules linked to cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Posted: 19 May 2016 12:19 PM PDT A biosensor has been proven capable of detecting molecules associated with neurodegenerative diseases and some types of cancer. The device is a single-layer organic nanometer-scale transistor on a glass slide. It contains the reduced form of the peptide glutathione, which reacts in a specific way when it comes into contact with the enzyme glutathione S-transferase, linked to Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and breast cancer, among other diseases.

Fighting cancer with the help of someone else's immune cells Posted: 19 May 2016 11:45 AM PDT A new step in cancer immunotherapy: researchers show that even if one's own immune cells cannot recognize and fight their tumors, someone else's immune cells might.

Resistance mechanism of aggressive brain tumors revealed Posted: 19 May 2016 11:45 AM PDT Brain tumors subject to therapy can become resistant to it through interactions with their tumor microenvironment rather than because of anything intrinsic about the tumor itself, a new study in mice suggests.

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