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• Running may be better than cycling for long-term bone health
• Exposure to chemicals in plastic and fungicides may irreversibly weaken children’s teeth
• Hormone treatment in transgender persons could shed light on role of sex hormones in bone density
• One third of children have higher levels of cardiometabolic risk factors due to family history
• Identification of the action mechanism of a protein impacting neural circuit development
• Heme, a poisonous nutrient, tracked by 'Green Lantern' sensor
• Increased marrying, and mating, by education level not affecting genetic make-up
• Narcotic painkillers prolong pain in rats, says study
• Impact of minimum wage on child health varies
• Effects of maternal smoking continue long after birth
• Research explains the role of the gene BRCA1 in DNA repair
• Scientists identify new drivers of rare cancer type
• International law allows for the legalization of cannabis
• Smell tests, biomarkers and colon biopsies: New approaches to early identification of Parkinson’s disease
• Europe needs to be prepared for Zika virus epidemic, experts say
• New therapy options bring about changes in stroke care
• Intensive aquatic resistance training promotes cartilage health, quality in knee osteoarthritis
• Mouse study links heart regeneration to telomere length
• A combined approach to treating metastatic melanoma
• Identifying how merkel cell polyomavirus infection can cause a lethal carcinoma
• Premature babies may grow up to have weaker bones
• Quiet please in the intensive care unit
• Study shows patients require less painkilling medication after breast-cancer surgery if they have opiate-free anesthesia
• Simple attraction: Researchers control protein release from nanoparticles without encapsulation
• Blood test supports use of potential new treatment for patients with stomach cancer
• Guarding the gatekeepers
• Pharmacist prescribes education as key to curbing opioid abuse
• Faster, more efficient CRISPR editing in mice
• ANKRD55: New gene involved in Multiple Sclerosis discovered

Running may be better than cycling for long-term bone health Posted: 30 May 2016 04:01 PM PDT Exercise that puts greater strain on bones, like running, may improve long-term bone health more effectively than non weight-bearing activities like cycling, conclude the authors of a new study measuring the hormones of mountain ultra-marathon runners.

Exposure to chemicals in plastic and fungicides may irreversibly weaken children’s teeth Posted: 30 May 2016 04:01 PM PDT Chemicals commonly found in plastics and fungicides may be weakening children's teeth by disrupting hormones that stimulate the growth of dental enamel, according to a new study.

Hormone treatment in transgender persons could shed light on role of sex hormones in bone density Posted: 30 May 2016 04:01 PM PDT Male-to-female (MtF) transgender persons have a greater increase in bone mineral density than female-to-male (FtM) persons in their first year of hormone treatment. The research helps scientists further understand the roles sex hormones play on bone development and maintenance in both sexes.

One third of children have higher levels of cardiometabolic risk factors due to family history Posted: 30 May 2016 04:01 PM PDT Children with a strong family history of cardiovascular disease and/or type 2 diabetes were found to have cholesterol levels significantly higher than children with no family history of those conditions, new research shows.

Identification of the action mechanism of a protein impacting neural circuit development Posted: 30 May 2016 12:33 PM PDT New research uncovers the action mechanism of an enzyme called DHHC9 in normal development and function of neural networks in the brain. Mutations in DHHC9 have been identified in patients suffering from X-linked Intellectual Disability. The work shows DHHC9 plays a vital role in promoting the growth and branching of neurons and in maintaining the balance between excitatory and inhibitory signals being formed onto neurons.

Heme, a poisonous nutrient, tracked by 'Green Lantern' sensor Posted: 30 May 2016 12:33 PM PDT The toxin heme is essential to life, but cells must make use of it sparingly and carefully, as poor heme management can lead to Alzheimer's, heart disease and cancer. Researchers tailored ratiometric sensors to tracks heme's movements in yeast cells for the first known time.

Increased marrying, and mating, by education level not affecting genetic make-up Posted: 30 May 2016 12:32 PM PDT While the latter half of the 20th century showed a widening gap between the more and less educated with respect to marriage and fertility, this trend has not significantly altered the genetic makeup of subsequent generations, a team of researchers has found.

Narcotic painkillers prolong pain in rats, says study Posted: 30 May 2016 12:32 PM PDT Painkillers paradoxically prolong pain in rats, a study that could have far-reaching effects for humans, new research demonstrates. Roughly 20,000 Americans died in 2015 from overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse.

Impact of minimum wage on child health varies Posted: 30 May 2016 08:55 AM PDT Raising the minimum wage in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) does not necessarily lead to better health for young children, according to a new study.

Effects of maternal smoking continue long after birth Posted: 30 May 2016 08:55 AM PDT Early exposure to nicotine can trigger widespread genetic changes that affect formation of connections between brain cells long after birth, a new study has found. The finding helps explains why maternal smoking has been linked to behavioral changes such as attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, addiction and conduct disorder.

Research explains the role of the gene BRCA1 in DNA repair Posted: 30 May 2016 08:55 AM PDT Scientists are a step closer to understanding the role of the gene BRCA1, a new report suggests. Changes in this gene are associated with a high risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer.

Scientists identify new drivers of rare cancer type Posted: 30 May 2016 08:06 AM PDT Cancer researchers have identified new genetic drivers of adrenal cancer by performing a comprehensive genomic analysis as part of the "Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network."

International law allows for the legalization of cannabis Posted: 30 May 2016 07:13 AM PDT The regulated cultivation and trade of cannabis for recreational use is permissible on the basis of states' positive human rights obligations. Pleas for the regulated cultivation and trade of recreational cannabis are often based on arguments related to individual and public health, the safety of citizens and the fight against crime: the so-called positive human rights obligations. To date, however, no study has been carried out to find out what the legal implications of legalizing cannabis would be.

Smell tests, biomarkers and colon biopsies: New approaches to early identification of Parkinson’s disease Posted: 30 May 2016 07:13 AM PDT Early diagnosis and starting treatment as early as possible are decisive factors in achieving improved quality of life for Parkinson's sufferers.

Europe needs to be prepared for Zika virus epidemic, experts say Posted: 30 May 2016 07:11 AM PDT The Zika epidemic has long assumed global proportions, experts say. Europe needs to get prepared to deal with the relentless spread of the health threat, in particular with a view to "imported" infection.

New therapy options bring about changes in stroke care Posted: 30 May 2016 07:11 AM PDT There are more well-founded therapy options for the treatment of strokes than ever before. Care has to be reorganized before these innovations are actually used on patients. Experts are discussing just how to do that successfully – from guidelines for the use of thrombectomy procedures all the way to the structure and expansion of stroke care units. Oftentimes, it is precisely the small organizational changes that make the big difference.

Intensive aquatic resistance training promotes cartilage health, quality in knee osteoarthritis Posted: 30 May 2016 07:11 AM PDT Postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis, who may avoid strenuous exercise due to pain, can safely promote cartilage health and improve aerobic fitness with intensive aquatic resistance training.

Mouse study links heart regeneration to telomere length Posted: 30 May 2016 07:08 AM PDT The ends of heart muscle cell chromosomes rapidly erode after birth, limiting the cells' ability to proliferate and replace damaged heart tissue, research has found. The study suggests potential new interventions to boost the heart's capacity to repair itself after a heart attack.

A combined approach to treating metastatic melanoma Posted: 30 May 2016 07:08 AM PDT Oncologists have successfully treated a patient with metastatic melanoma by combining two different types of immunotherapy.

Identifying how merkel cell polyomavirus infection can cause a lethal carcinoma Posted: 30 May 2016 04:32 AM PDT A benign virus normally found in the skin can lead to a type of rare, lethal skin cancer. Specifically, infection by the Merkel cell polyomavirus can lead to Merkel cell carcinoma in immune-compromised individuals. Researchers have now identified a type of skin cell as the target of the virus in humans and establishes a new way to investigate this type of oncogenic viral infection and identifies a potential therapeutic agent against this infection.

Premature babies may grow up to have weaker bones Posted: 30 May 2016 04:21 AM PDT Low birth weight babies are at higher risk of osteoporosis later in life, especially if they are born prematurely, say researchers. Targeting these children with the appropriate diet and weight-bearing exercise can help improve the problem.

Quiet please in the intensive care unit Posted: 30 May 2016 04:21 AM PDT A new study shows that noise levels in the Intensive Care Unit can go well above recommended levels, disturbing both patients and the medical teams that care for them.

Study shows patients require less painkilling medication after breast-cancer surgery if they have opiate-free anesthesia Posted: 30 May 2016 04:21 AM PDT New research shows that patients undergoing breast cancer surgery need less painkilling medication post-surgery if they have anesthesia that is free of opioid drugs.

Simple attraction: Researchers control protein release from nanoparticles without encapsulation Posted: 27 May 2016 04:04 PM PDT A research team has designed a simpler way to keep therapeutic proteins where they are needed for long periods of time. The discovery is a potential game-changer for the treatment of chronic illnesses or injuries that often require multiple injections or daily pills.

Blood test supports use of potential new treatment for patients with stomach cancer Posted: 27 May 2016 09:29 AM PDT Testing cancers for 'addiction' to a gene that boosts cell growth can pick out patients who may respond to a targeted drug under development, a major new study reports. By measuring the number of copies of just one gene from cancer DNA circulating in the bloodstream, scientists were able to identify the patients with stomach cancer who were most likely to respond to treatment.

Guarding the gatekeepers Posted: 27 May 2016 09:29 AM PDT Calcium is a key signalling agent in the information networks of life. As calcium ions cannot cross cell membranes directly, the rise and fall of calcium levels within a cell are controlled through a set of proteins known as the Orai. Researchers have discovered a new player in calcium signalling pathways - a protein named Septin 7 that functions as a 'molecular brake' to Orai activation.

Pharmacist prescribes education as key to curbing opioid abuse Posted: 27 May 2016 08:26 AM PDT Technologies that make it harder for people to abuse opioids -- like doctoring pills so that they produce unpleasant side effects if broken, crushed or injected --- likely will have limited effectiveness in stemming the global epidemic of opioid abuse,

Faster, more efficient CRISPR editing in mice Posted: 27 May 2016 08:26 AM PDT Creating transgenic mice, while critical to biomedical research, is laborious and expensive, despite improvements since the advent of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. Now, biologists have invented a technique that simplifies, improves and lowers the cost of generating knockout mice. They discovered that electroporation can move CRISPR-Cas9 molecules into mouse embryos with nearly 100 percent efficiency, much better than the success from microinjecting Cas9 mRNA and guide RNA. The gene-editing success is also higher.

ANKRD55: New gene involved in Multiple Sclerosis discovered Posted: 27 May 2016 06:11 AM PDT A genetic variant in the 5q11 chromosome, which is associated with susceptibility to developing multiple sclerosis, greatly regulates a gene known as ANKRD55, researchers have discovered. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease, characterized by demyelination and the onset of chronic, neurodegenerative damage of the central nervous system. Right now, its causes are unknown although various self-immune mechanisms are known to be involved.

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