السبت، 7 مايو 2016

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

Antibody therapy opens door to potential new treatment for HIV

Posted: 06 May 2016 01:01 PM PDT

Researchers are developing an antibody-based drug that may provide a better strategy for long-term control of HIV. New results from a clinical trial suggest that a single dose of a so-called broadly neutralizing antibody enables patients' immune systems to better fight the virus.

First safe way to deliver drugs to the placenta

Posted: 06 May 2016 01:01 PM PDT

Scientists provide proof of principle for safe, targeted delivery of drugs to the placenta during pregnancy, for the first time. The discovery could one day help prevent some premature births and treat complications such as preeclampsia, a condition characterized by high blood pressure and sometimes fluid retention.

Clinicians need to screen 'nicotine naive' teenagers for vaping, says addictions expert

Posted: 06 May 2016 01:01 PM PDT

An addictions expert calls on clinicians to screen for vaping among teens, who are either uninformed or misinformed about the dangers and risks associated with electronic cigarettes.

Tiny genetic switches found in lizard tail regeneration

Posted: 06 May 2016 10:23 AM PDT

Any kid who pulls on a lizard tail knows it can drop off to avoid capture, but how they regrow a new tail remains a mystery. Now, researchers have identified tiny RNA switches, known as microRNAs, which may hold the keys to regenerating muscles, cartilage and spinal columns.

Apples or fries: When apples are the default side-dish, children still choose fries

Posted: 06 May 2016 10:23 AM PDT

There has been a lot of enthusiasm for nudging individuals to eat better without restricting choice by making healthy foods more visible, attractive, and convenient. One such effort is for restaurants to serve meals with a default healthy side, such as sliced apples instead of fries, while still allowing the customer to opt out of the healthy side in favor of their preferred side dish.

Drug-like peptides show promise in treating 2 blood diseases

Posted: 06 May 2016 10:22 AM PDT

Synthetic peptides called minihepcidins may potentially treat two serious genetic blood diseases in children and adults, new research suggests. Although those diseases, beta-thalassemia and polycythemia vera, have opposite effects on red blood cell production, treating animals with minihepcidin helps to restore normal levels of red blood cells and reduces spleen enlargement. It also controls the accumulation of excess levels of iron in beta-thalassemia that often causes severe toxic effects.

Scientists put some muscle behind their research

Posted: 06 May 2016 10:22 AM PDT

An old-fashioned neurobiology technique has been used by researchers to explore new avenues for treatments to reverse a late-onset neurodegenerative disease that robs men of the capacity to walk, run, chew and swallow.

Quick test for Zika effectively detects virus in monkeys

Posted: 06 May 2016 10:22 AM PDT

Scientists have developed a low-cost, rapid paper-based diagnostic system for strain-specific detection of the Zika virus, with the goal that it could soon be used in the field to screen blood, urine, or saliva samples.

Zika virus may cause microcephaly by hijacking human immune molecule

Posted: 06 May 2016 10:22 AM PDT

For the first time, researchers have determined one way Zika virus infection can damage developing brain cells. The study also shows that inhibiting this mechanism reduces brain cell damage, hinting at a new therapeutic approach to mitigating the effects of prenatal Zika virus infection.

Severe stroke prognoses differ depending on the doctor

Posted: 06 May 2016 07:58 AM PDT

Families rely on doctor recommendations after a brain hemorrhage, but new research shows different physicians make very different decisions.

Gene linked to Alzheimer's disease impairs memory by disrupting brain's 'playback system'

Posted: 06 May 2016 07:57 AM PDT

Scientists have discovered how the major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease causes memory impairment. A specific type of brain activity important for memory replay is disrupted in mice with the E4 version of the apolipoprotein E (apoE4) gene, which may interfere with memory formation.

New treatment for children with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Posted: 06 May 2016 07:57 AM PDT

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) affects hundreds of thousands of people each year, many of them children. Now, a recent study investigates the effects of a new steroid treatment on children suffering from ARDS.

Does the moon affect our mood or actions?

Posted: 06 May 2016 07:56 AM PDT

While the full moon cannot turn people into werewolves, some people do accuse it of causing a bad night's sleep or creating physical and mental alterations. But is there any science behind these myths?

Moderate sedation more effective than general anesthesia for TAVR patients

Posted: 06 May 2016 07:04 AM PDT

Researchers conducted the largest observational study of minimally invasive transfemoral—entry through the groin—TAVR to find whether the use of moderate sedation is associated with improved patient outcomes, specifically evaluating 30-day mortality and length of hospital stays, as compared to traditional general anesthesia.

How to remove environmental pollutants from raw meat

Posted: 06 May 2016 07:02 AM PDT

Six months ago, the International Agency for Research on Cancer associated consumption of red meat and processed meat to cancer risk. However, in its analysis it made no reference to some carcinogenic environmental pollutants that are already present in raw or unprocessed meat. A study shows that only cooking processes that remove fat from meat can reduce the concentrations of these substances.

National study casts doubt on higher weekend death rate, proposals for seven-day hospital services

Posted: 06 May 2016 07:01 AM PDT

A new analysis of all patients across England receiving emergency hospital care has shown that, contrary to popular belief, fewer patients die after being admitted to hospital at the weekend compared to during the week. The death rate following a hospital admission at the weekend is higher only because the number of patients admitted to hospital at the weekend is lower.

Genetic variants in patients with crohn's disease prevent 'good' gut bacteria from working

Posted: 06 May 2016 06:58 AM PDT

A major type of inflammatory bowel disease may be caused in part by genetic variants that prevent beneficial bacteria in the gut from doing their job, according to a new study.

Blood analyses may predict risk of delirium in older surgical patients

Posted: 06 May 2016 06:57 AM PDT

Delirium, or sudden severe confusion due to rapid changes in brain function that can occur with physical or mental illness, affects 15 percent - 53 percent of older surgical patients. New research may help clinicians assess a patient's risk of developing post-operative delirium, enabling preventive measures to safeguard their health. The research also provides insights into the the development of delirium, which could lead to new therapeutic strategies.

Experts decipher disease behind one of the world's most famous paintings

Posted: 06 May 2016 06:57 AM PDT

It is one of the most famous paintings in American history: Christina's World, by Andrew Wyeth. The subject in the painting suffered from a mysterious disorder, which has never been diagnosed. Now, a neurologist has come up with a diagnosis.

Mothers' excess pregnancy weight gain, elevated blood sugar 'imprint' obesity in children

Posted: 06 May 2016 06:56 AM PDT

Children whose mothers gain excess weight or have elevated blood sugar during their pregnancies are more likely to become overweight or obese during their first decade of life, according to a new study.

Fastest-ever molecular imaging reveals reaction crucial for vision

Posted: 05 May 2016 07:29 PM PDT

Every process that sustains life is carried out by proteins, but understanding how these complex molecules do their jobs depends on learning the arrangement of their atoms -- and how this structure changes -- as they react. No imaging method for observing molecular movement in such detail and speed had been available, until now.

Climate change may contribute to rising rates of chronic kidney disease

Posted: 05 May 2016 07:27 PM PDT

Chronic kidney disease that is not associated with traditional risk factors appears to be increasing in rural hot communities as worldwide temperature progressively rises. The condition has likely increased due to global warming and an increase in extreme heat waves, and it is having a disproportionate impact on vulnerable populations, say investigators.

Researchers track critical development in the young brain

Posted: 05 May 2016 07:24 PM PDT

A recent study combined two related but different imaging techniques to non-invasively track the rate at which nerve fibers in children's brains become wrapped in myelin. The work could lead to new findings about diseases like multiple sclerosis and leukodystrophies, in which the myelin sheath is damaged.

Animal study shows flexible, dissolvable silicon device promising for brain monitoring

Posted: 05 May 2016 07:24 PM PDT

An implantable brain device that literally melts away at a pre-determined rate minimizes injury to tissue normally associated with standard electrode implantation. The researchers describe a new class of technology that provides greater resolution for measuring electrical activity in space and time that matches or exceeds existing methods.

Rapid-response immune cells are fully prepared before invasion strikes

Posted: 05 May 2016 07:12 PM PDT

Through the use of powerful genomic techniques, researchers have found that the development of immune cells, called innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), gradually prepares these cells for rapid response to infection. This work sheds light on the development and function of a cell type that is increasingly recognized as having an important role in the body's immune defense.

Immunization rates climb when pediatricians have easy access to vaccination records

Posted: 05 May 2016 07:11 PM PDT

Exchange of immunization data between a centralized city immunization registry and provider electronic health records led to significant improvements in pediatric immunization coverage, a reduction in over-immunization for adolescents, and increased completeness of immunization records, according to a latest study. Researchers compared the percent of children who were up-to-date for their age-appropriate immunizations and those who received extra, unnecessary immunizations before and after the implementation of two-way data exchange at point of care.

Price of IVF: Study examines financial savings vs. medical complication costs

Posted: 05 May 2016 11:50 AM PDT

A recent study may be the first in the United States to calculate the differences in infant hospital costs based on the number of embryos transferred at one time via in vitro fertilization.

Why are women less likely to be prescribed statins than men?

Posted: 05 May 2016 11:49 AM PDT

Statins are equally effective at decreasing risk of coronary events in men and women, and yet women are less likely to be prescribed these cholesterol-lowering drugs than men. A new study identifies four factors that may account for this disparity, pointing to interventions and additional research that will be needed to help overcome this sex disparity and reduce cardiovascular risk for women.

How a female sex hormone may protect against STIs

Posted: 05 May 2016 11:48 AM PDT

Research reveals for the first time how estradiol, a female sex hormone present during the menstrual cycle and found in oral contraceptives, may work to protect women against sexually transmitted viral infections.

New Zika mouse model accumulates virus in the brain and other tissues

Posted: 05 May 2016 11:47 AM PDT

The ongoing Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic with its link to birth defects and serious immune disease has created an urgent need for a small animal model that can improve our understanding of how the virus causes disease symptoms in humans and speed up the development of vaccines and treatment. A new study describes one of the first mouse models for ZIKV disease.

Portable device worn on eyeglasses offers hope for people with low vision

Posted: 05 May 2016 11:03 AM PDT

A miniature camera using optical character-recognition technology, mounted onto the eyeglasses of people who are considered legally blind, dramatically improves their ability to read an email, newspaper article, menu or page in a book, a study has found.

Study shows how the brain switches into memory mode

Posted: 05 May 2016 10:50 AM PDT

An important mechanism has been identified with which memory switches from recall to memorization mode. The study may shed new light on the cellular causes of dementia, say researchers.

Researchers identify new pathway leading to Alzheimer's disease

Posted: 05 May 2016 10:39 AM PDT

A newly discovered pathway leading to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease may unlock the door to new approaches for treating the disease.
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