ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Failure to publish trial results exposes patients to risks without providing benefits
• Is breast conserving therapy or mastectomy better for early breast cancer?
• Diluted apple juice, preferred fluids for treating mild gastroenteritis in kids
• Breast milk linked to significant early brain growth in preemies
• Inadequate financial savings tied to increased childhood health risks
• One-third of autistic children likely to wander, disappear
• Concerns raised with products marketed as 'first finger foods'
• Teen tobacco users commonly report light smoking
• Children are diagnosed with autism at younger ages since push for universal screening
• Exposure to tobacco smoke in the home increases childhood illnesses, health care demand
• Aerial spraying to combat mosquitoes linked to increased risk of autism in children
• Alcohol brand placement on TV linked with teens' brand preferences and drinking behaviors
• Complete rest until symptom-free after concussion may not be best for recovery
• Exempt from passenger restraint laws, taxis pose risky rides for small children
• Percentage of US children who have chronic health conditions on the rise
• Stronger state policies reduce alcohol-related motor vehicle deaths among teens
• Factors that help children thrive in the face of adversity
• Fireworks-related burns requiring hospital stays skyrocket among kids
• Children of gay fathers are well adjusted
• Legalization of marijuana in Washington had no effect on teens' access to drug
• One in six children hospitalized for lung inflammation positive for marijuana exposure
• Stress and depression is linked to HPV-related health problems
• Combination of face-to-face and online bullying may pack a powerful punch
• Mental health diagnoses rise significantly for military children
• Asthma-related Twitter posts can predict rise in hospital visits
• Breastfeeding app shows promise in supporting first-time mothers
• Parents' presence at bedside found to decrease neonatal abstinence syndrome severity
• Forming fogbows: Study finds limit on evaporation to ice sheets, but that may change
• Newly discovered baby Titanosaur sheds light on dinosaurs' early lives
• What lies beneath West Antarctica?
• Good long-term quality of life after 'DIEP flap' breast reconstruction
• 'Machine learning' may contribute to new advances in plastic surgery
• Surgery for chronic temporal headaches: Simplified approach shows good results
• Unique fragment from Earth's formation returns after billions of years in cold storage
• Atlas of Human Malformation Syndromes in Diverse Populations created
• Finding sheds light on what may kill neurons after stroke
• Researchers develop secure audio captchas
• Scientists predict promising new family of materials for solid-state cooling
• Making precision medicine a reality: Genomics researchers unveil road map to disease origin
• Salts in the brain control our sleep-wake cycle
• New signaling mechanism implicated in congenital aortic valve disease
• Using oxygen to sterilize medical implants could save time and money
• The gut microbiomes of infants have an impact on autoimmunity
• Exposure to particulate air pollutants associated with numerous cancers

Failure to publish trial results exposes patients to risks without providing benefits Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:05 AM PDT Although the publication of results of clinical trials carried out in the USA within 12 months of their completion has been mandatory since 2007, an astoundingly high number of Phase III radiotherapy trials did not do so, according to new research. An analysis of 802 trials with a primary completion date of before Jan. 1, 2013, showed that 655, or 81.7 percent, did not publish even a summary result.

Is breast conserving therapy or mastectomy better for early breast cancer? Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:05 AM PDT Young women with early breast cancer face a difficult choice about whether to opt for a mastectomy or breast conserving therapy (BCT). New research has shown young women, who had early stage breast cancer that had not spread to the lymph nodes and who opted for BCT with radiation therapy, had a 13 percent higher risk of developing a local recurrence of their disease over a 20-year period than women who had a mastectomy and no radiation therapy.

Diluted apple juice, preferred fluids for treating mild gastroenteritis in kids Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:05 AM PDT Children with mild gastroenteritis and minimal dehydration experienced fewer treatment failures such as IV rehydration or hospitalization when offered half-strength apple juice followed by their preferred fluid choice compared with children who received electrolyte maintenance solution to replace fluid losses, according to a new study.

Breast milk linked to significant early brain growth in preemies Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:05 AM PDT Feeding premature babies mostly breast milk during the first month of life appears to spur more robust brain growth. Those preemies whose daily diets were at least 50 percent breast milk had more brain tissue and cortical-surface area by their due dates than premature babies who consumed significantly less breast milk.

Inadequate financial savings tied to increased childhood health risks Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:05 AM PDT The connection between a family's income and childhood health has been well-established, with lower income linked to poorer health and a greater likelihood of more chronic conditions. Now a new study shows that the size of the paycheck is not all that matters when it comes to children's health risks. So does the amount that a family has tucked away in savings.

One-third of autistic children likely to wander, disappear Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:05 AM PDT More than one-third of children with autism spectrum disorders have wandered away from a safe environment within the past 12 months, according to new findings. The findings are from a review of CDC data on 1,420 children ages 6 to 17 with ASDs.

Concerns raised with products marketed as 'first finger foods' Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:05 AM PDT New research found many products marketed as 'first finger foods' for babies failed to meet American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations that they be small, soft and easy to swallow.

Teen tobacco users commonly report light smoking Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:05 AM PDT New research reveals new details about teen smoking. Most young smokers report that they don't light up every day, and many smoke only a few cigarettes on the days they do smoke. These teens are less likely to identify as smokers, even as they face health risks comparable to heavier tobacco use.

Children are diagnosed with autism at younger ages since push for universal screening Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:05 AM PDT Researchers say children with autism who were born before the 2007 recommendation by the American Academy of Pediatrics that all children be screened for the disorder at the 18- and 24-month well child visits were diagnosed significantly later than they are today. The findings suggest the policy may help identify children with autism sooner so they can benefit from early intervention.

Exposure to tobacco smoke in the home increases childhood illnesses, health care demand Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:04 AM PDT Children who live with smokers end up in the doctor's office or hospital more often than those not exposed to tobacco smoke, according to new research.

Aerial spraying to combat mosquitoes linked to increased risk of autism in children Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:04 AM PDT New research suggests that the use of airplanes to spray anti-mosquito pesticides may increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder and developmental delays among children.

Alcohol brand placement on TV linked with teens' brand preferences and drinking behaviors Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:04 AM PDT While tobacco companies have not been allowed to buy product placement in television shows since 2000, alcohol brands continue to self-regulate their marketing in media. But new research shows how strongly alcohol brand placement relates to the drinking behavior of underage youth suggests more regulation may be needed.

Complete rest until symptom-free after concussion may not be best for recovery Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:04 AM PDT Rest has long been the cornerstone of concussion treatment. For sports-related head injuries, for example, current guidelines say children should avoid returning to play -- and all other physical activity -- until all concussion symptoms such as headaches are gone. New research however, suggests those who exercise within a week of injury, regardless of symptoms, have nearly half the rate of concussion symptoms that linger more than a month.

Exempt from passenger restraint laws, taxis pose risky rides for small children Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:03 AM PDT The vast majority of small children riding in taxis are not restrained in car safety seats, according to new research, even though there are tens of thousands of motor vehicle collisions involving taxis, limousines and car services each year.

Percentage of US children who have chronic health conditions on the rise Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:03 AM PDT The percentage of children with chronic health conditions is on the rise, and new research shows this is especially true among children who live in or near poverty.

Stronger state policies reduce alcohol-related motor vehicle deaths among teens Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:03 AM PDT Motor vehicle injuries are a leading cause of death among youth in the United States, and one in three deaths from automobile crashes are alcohol-related. However, stronger alcohol policies adopted by states appears to reduce the number of teens who die in alcohol-related crashes, according to new research.

Factors that help children thrive in the face of adversity Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:03 AM PDT Research shows that people who experience four or more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as economic hardship, exposure to violence or the death of a loved one, are more likely to have lasting physical and mental health problems. But new research suggests that certain family, social and community assets may boost a child's chances of flourishing in the face of adversity.

Fireworks-related burns requiring hospital stays skyrocket among kids Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:03 AM PDT As states relaxed laws related to fireworks sales during the past decade, emergency doctors saw an increase in both the number of fireworks related injuries among children and the severity of those injuries, according to new research.

Children of gay fathers are well adjusted Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:02 AM PDT Compared to a national sample of heterosexual parents, gay fathers report similar parenting behavior and measures of wellbeing in their children, according to new research.

Legalization of marijuana in Washington had no effect on teens' access to drug Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:02 AM PDT Despite concerns that legalizing marijuana use for adults would make it easier for adolescents to get ahold of it, a new study in Washington State shows that teens find it no easier now than before the law was passed in 2012.

One in six children hospitalized for lung inflammation positive for marijuana exposure Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:02 AM PDT A new study found that one in six infants and toddlers admitted to a Colorado hospital with coughing, wheezing and other symptoms of bronchiolitis tested positive for marijuana exposure.

Stress and depression is linked to HPV-related health problems Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:02 AM PDT New research suggests that stress and depression play a significant role in whether a woman with human papillomavirus (HPV) can get rid of her infection or not. HPV that lingers in a woman's system eventually can lead to cervical cancer.

Combination of face-to-face and online bullying may pack a powerful punch Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:02 AM PDT Bullying and taunts that may have once stayed in the schoolyard increasingly spill over into text messages and social media. A new study shows that the combined effect of both face-to-face and cyber-bullying may have a powerful effect on adolescents, more than doubling the odds that victims show aggressive behaviors themselves such as verbal hostility, physical fighting and damaging property.

Mental health diagnoses rise significantly for military children Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:02 AM PDT Mirroring national estimates, a new study found the percentage of children enrolled in the US Military Healthcare System diagnosed with and treated for mental health disorders increased significantly during the past 15 years.

Asthma-related Twitter posts can predict rise in hospital visits Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:02 AM PDT New research suggests that to predict -- and possibly prevent -- severe asthma attacks in a community, physicians can look for clues in social media.

Breastfeeding app shows promise in supporting first-time mothers Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:02 AM PDT A pilot study found that use of a mobile phone app that provided supportive texts and an online community significantly increased the rate of breastfeeding among new mothers.

Parents' presence at bedside found to decrease neonatal abstinence syndrome severity Posted: 30 Apr 2016 07:02 AM PDT New research suggests a key to easing the opioid withdrawal symptoms of neonatal abstinence syndrome is to ensure parents can spend plenty of time at the baby's bedside during treatment. NAS is an increasingly common condition infants develop after opioid exposure during pregnancy, with symptoms such as tremors, intense irritability, poor feeding, vomiting, diarrhea and poor sleep. It often requires weeks of hospitalization and pharmacologic treatment.

Forming fogbows: Study finds limit on evaporation to ice sheets, but that may change Posted: 29 Apr 2016 04:28 PM PDT Although the coastal regions of the Greenland Ice Sheet are experiencing rapid melting, a significant portion of the interior of that ice sheet has remained stable -- but a new study suggests that stability may not continue. Researchers found that very little of the snow and ice on the vast interior of the ice sheet is lost to the atmosphere through evaporation because of a strong thermal 'lid' that essentially traps the moisture and returns it to the surface where it refreezes.

Newly discovered baby Titanosaur sheds light on dinosaurs' early lives Posted: 29 Apr 2016 04:28 PM PDT Long-necked sauropod dinosaurs include the largest animals ever to walk on land, but they hatched from eggs no bigger than a soccer ball.

What lies beneath West Antarctica? Posted: 29 Apr 2016 04:28 PM PDT New research provides the first look into the biogeochemistry, geophysics and geology of Subglacial Lake Whillans, which lies 800 meters (2,600 feet) beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.

Good long-term quality of life after 'DIEP flap' breast reconstruction Posted: 29 Apr 2016 04:28 PM PDT For women who have undergone mastectomy for breast cancer, breast reconstruction using the abdominal 'DIEP flap' provides good long-term quality of life (QOL) -- similar to that of women without breast cancer.

'Machine learning' may contribute to new advances in plastic surgery Posted: 29 Apr 2016 04:28 PM PDT With an ever-increasing volume of electronic data being collected by the healthcare system, researchers are exploring the use of machine learning -- a subfield of artificial intelligence -- to improve medical care and patient outcomes.

Surgery for chronic temporal headaches: Simplified approach shows good results Posted: 29 Apr 2016 04:28 PM PDT A modified surgical technique may provide a simpler approach to the surgical treatment for one type of chronic headache, according to new research.

Unique fragment from Earth's formation returns after billions of years in cold storage Posted: 29 Apr 2016 04:28 PM PDT Astronomers have found a unique object that appears to be made of inner solar system material from the time of Earth's formation, billions of years ago. Observations show that C/2014 S3 (PANSTARRS) is the first object to be discovered on a long-period cometary orbit that has the characteristics of a pristine inner solar system asteroid. It may help understanding how the solar system formed.

Atlas of Human Malformation Syndromes in Diverse Populations created Posted: 29 Apr 2016 12:12 PM PDT NHGRI researchers have collaborated with physicians and medical geneticists around the world to create the first Atlas of Human Malformation Syndromes in Diverse Populations. Health care providers can use the new atlas to diagnose diverse patients with inherited diseases by comparing physical traits (called phenotypes) and written descriptions of their symptoms with photos and descriptions of people with the same condition and ancestry.

Finding sheds light on what may kill neurons after stroke Posted: 29 Apr 2016 07:55 AM PDT Strokes, seizures, traumatic brain injury and schizophrenia: these conditions can cause persistent, widespread acidity around neurons in the brain. But exactly how that acidity affects brain function isn't well understood.

Researchers develop secure audio captchas Posted: 29 Apr 2016 06:58 AM PDT In order to avoid spam, on many websites users are prompted to prove that they are human by entering symbols that are difficult to read. For partially sighted users, acoustic solutions have been devised. IT researchers intend to improve their quality.

Scientists predict promising new family of materials for solid-state cooling Posted: 29 Apr 2016 06:58 AM PDT Scientists point to a new family of materials with promising applications in solid-state cooling.

Making precision medicine a reality: Genomics researchers unveil road map to disease origin Posted: 29 Apr 2016 06:51 AM PDT Researchers are one step closer to understanding the genetic and biological basis of diseases like cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's and rheumatoid arthritis -- and to identifying new drug targets and therapies.

Salts in the brain control our sleep-wake cycle Posted: 29 Apr 2016 06:51 AM PDT A new epoch-making discovery has been made, which may prove decisive to future brain research. The level of salts in the brain plays a critical role in whether we are asleep or awake. This discovery may be of great importance to research on psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia and convulsive fits from lack of sleep as well as post-anaesthetization confusion, according to experts.

New signaling mechanism implicated in congenital aortic valve disease Posted: 29 Apr 2016 06:51 AM PDT A research team has demonstrated the essential role of genes encoding components of the NOTCH signaling pathway in the development of the heart valves, a new report outlines.

Using oxygen to sterilize medical implants could save time and money Posted: 29 Apr 2016 06:50 AM PDT Researchers have demonstrated a cheap, effective and environmentally friendly way to sterilize medical implants without changing their properties, in contrast to some techniques. This inexpensive technology could save time and money while effectively sterilizing medical implants, does not require extensive training and produces no waste products.

The gut microbiomes of infants have an impact on autoimmunity Posted: 29 Apr 2016 06:50 AM PDT By looking at the gut microbiomes of infants from three different countries, the team uncovered evidence that not only supports the hygiene hypothesis, but also points to interactions among bacterial species that may account, at least in part, for the spike in immune disorders seen in western societies.

Exposure to particulate air pollutants associated with numerous cancers Posted: 29 Apr 2016 06:50 AM PDT Researchers have found that long-term exposure to environmental pollutants was associated with increased risk of mortality for many types of cancer in an elderly Hong Kong population.

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