ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Revealed: New insights on causes of sudden cardiac death in the young
• Rates of nonmedical prescription opioid use, opioid use disorder double in 10 years
• Drug monitoring programs reduce opioid deaths, study shows
• Digital strategies show promise for emergency heart and stroke care
• Gender gap found in cardiac arrest care, outcomes
• More reasons to eat your broccoli
• Scientists reveal sub-Saharan Africa's legacy of past migrations over last 4,000 years
• New study helps determine which older adults might need help taking medications
• Tele-psychiatry reaches rural kids in need
• Some older adults live well, despite advancing years and the burdens of chronic diseases
• Study addresses safety concerns for older adults with diagnosed, undiagnosed dementia
• Compound shown to reduce brain damage caused by anesthesia in early study
• Memory loss caused by West Nile virus explained
• New knowledge about DNA repair can be turned into cancer inhibitors
• Canada spends over $400 million on medicine that harms seniors
• Has breast MRI been performed upside down?
• Get a clue: Biochemist studies fruit fly to understand Parkinson's disease, muscle wasting
• New clues to COPD linked to proteostasis imbalance caused by cigarette smoke
• Understanding how chemical changes in the brain affect Alzheimer's disease
• New targeted drug effectively dissolves blood clots, has fewer side effects
• Empowering addiction treatment patients to engage in care may improve overall health
• Australia 20 years after gun reform: No mass shootings, declining firearm deaths
• New heart failure therapy could prevent substantial number of deaths, study finds
• Blacks with AFib at greater risk for adverse outcomes
• Novel combination therapy shows strong response in phase 1 trial
• Smoking may have negative effects on sperm quality
• Treatment of humans, pigs may reduce endemic tapeworm infection
• Psychiatric diagnostic tools may not be valid for African Americans
• Impulsive children raised in caring families drink less during adolescence
• Hip implants: Metal wear impairs bone-forming cells' function
• Absence of a single protein spurs muscle aging in mice
• One-third of hospitals in developing world lack running water
• Mental training for soccer tactics
• Childhood antibiotic treatments reduce diversity, stability of intestinal microbiota
• Self-learning arm controlled by thought
• Is 'when we eat' as important as 'what we eat'?
• Hibernation study yields insights about organ protection
• Diabetes raises risk of heart attack death by 50 percent
• Hey! You stole my food!: Abnormal eating behaviors in frontotemporal dementia
• Landmark study gives clearest picture of genetic causes of bowel cancer
• In what is believed to be U.S. first, physician uses telehealth to replace comprehensive face-to-face visit for home dialysis patient
• New study reveals how HIV enters cell nucleus

Revealed: New insights on causes of sudden cardiac death in the young Posted: 22 Jun 2016 04:24 PM PDT Genetic testing has shed new light on the deaths of nearly 500 young Australians and New Zealanders who died from sudden cardiac death in a three-year period, suggests a new report.

Rates of nonmedical prescription opioid use, opioid use disorder double in 10 years Posted: 22 Jun 2016 01:43 PM PDT Nonmedical use of prescription opioids more than doubled among adults in the United States from 2001-2002 to 2012-2013, based on a new American study.

Drug monitoring programs reduce opioid deaths, study shows Posted: 22 Jun 2016 01:43 PM PDT The implementation of state prescription drug monitoring programs was associated with the prevention of approximately one opioid-related overdose death every two hours on average nationwide, according to a new study.

Digital strategies show promise for emergency heart and stroke care Posted: 22 Jun 2016 01:43 PM PDT A new scientific statement reviews current research on the effectiveness and safety of using mobile devices, social media, visual media and crowdsourcing to improve emergency heart and stroke treatments.

Gender gap found in cardiac arrest care, outcomes Posted: 22 Jun 2016 01:43 PM PDT Women treated at a hospital after cardiac arrest may be less likely than men to receive potentially life-saving procedures. The number of cardiac arrest patients treated at hospitals increased and in-hospital death rates have fallen for both sexes, however women were less likely to survive, according to a new study.

More reasons to eat your broccoli Posted: 22 Jun 2016 11:49 AM PDT Broccoli and related vegetables in the Brassica family are loaded with health-promoting compounds known as phenolics. Researchers have identified a large number of candidate genes controlling phenolic compound accumulation in broccoli. These genes will be used in future breeding programs to pack even more phenolic compounds into broccoli and other Brassica vegetables.

Scientists reveal sub-Saharan Africa's legacy of past migrations over last 4,000 years Posted: 22 Jun 2016 11:49 AM PDT Researchers have revealed that the genetic ancestries of many of sub-Saharan Africa's populations are the result of historical DNA mixing events, known as admixture, within the last 4,000 years.

New study helps determine which older adults might need help taking medications Posted: 22 Jun 2016 11:49 AM PDT Older men were 1.5 to 2 times as likely as women to need help with their medications, new research shows. The odds of needing help were 3 to 5 times greater among people with memory challenges.

Tele-psychiatry reaches rural kids in need Posted: 22 Jun 2016 11:49 AM PDT Experts estimate that as many as 1 in 5 children in the United States have behavioral health issues. However, of these children, only 20 percent receive mental health services. Now, a study shows that video-based mental health services are bridging the gap by providing care to underserved areas.

Some older adults live well, despite advancing years and the burdens of chronic diseases Posted: 22 Jun 2016 11:48 AM PDT Researchers in a new study report that 'adapter' older adults who were more vigorous than expected, based on their disease burden, lived longer lives when compared to those who were more frail than expected based on their disease burden. These 'adapters' could have unique characteristics, perhaps some undefined coping mechanism, that should be studied further, suggested the researchers.

Study addresses safety concerns for older adults with diagnosed, undiagnosed dementia Posted: 22 Jun 2016 11:48 AM PDT Researchers have examined how often older adults who have diagnosed and undiagnosed dementia engage in potentially unsafe activities.

Compound shown to reduce brain damage caused by anesthesia in early study Posted: 22 Jun 2016 11:48 AM PDT An experimental drug prevented learning deficits in young mice exposed repeatedly to anesthesia, researchers report. The study results may have implications for children who must have several surgeries, and so are exposed repeatedly to general anesthesia. Past studies have linked such exposure to a higher incidence of learning disabilities, attention deficits and hyperactivity.

Memory loss caused by West Nile virus explained Posted: 22 Jun 2016 11:48 AM PDT Thousands of West Nile virus survivors live with neurological problems such as memory loss that last for years. New research shows that these long-term problems may be due to the patient's own immune system destroying parts of their neurons, which suggests that intervening in the immune response may help prevent brain damage or help patients recover.

New knowledge about DNA repair can be turned into cancer inhibitors Posted: 22 Jun 2016 11:46 AM PDT A molecular mechanism that reads so-called epigenetic information and boosts repair of lesions in our DNA has been discovered by scientists. This knowledge can be used to develop new targeted cancer treatment in which 'inhibitor molecules' can prevent cancer cells from repairing themselves, they report.

Canada spends over $400 million on medicine that harms seniors Posted: 22 Jun 2016 11:46 AM PDT Canada spends more than $400 million annually on drugs prescribed to seniors even though the medicines should be avoided for older patients, according to new research.

Has breast MRI been performed upside down? Posted: 22 Jun 2016 11:46 AM PDT A new phase 1 clinical trial evaluated the differences between pre-operative prone and supine MRI exams in 12 women undergoing lumpectomy for breast cancer. Researchers demonstrated that considerable deformity of the breast and tumor position occurs when patients are imaged in the prone position.

Get a clue: Biochemist studies fruit fly to understand Parkinson's disease, muscle wasting Posted: 22 Jun 2016 08:51 AM PDT By studying the fruit fly, researchers have found a connection between a gene called clueless and genes that cause Parkinson's disease.

New clues to COPD linked to proteostasis imbalance caused by cigarette smoke Posted: 22 Jun 2016 08:51 AM PDT Free radicals can reach the endoplasmic reticulum, a cellular organelle that is critical in manufacturing and transporting fats, steroids, hormones and various proteins, and alter its function by oxidizing and damaging its most abundant and crucial to protein folding chaperone, Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI).

Understanding how chemical changes in the brain affect Alzheimer's disease Posted: 22 Jun 2016 08:48 AM PDT A new study is helping to explain why the long-term use of common anticholinergic drugs used to treat conditions like allergies and overactive bladder lead to an increased risk of developing dementia later in life. The study used mouse models to show that long-term suppression of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine -- a target for anticholinergic drugs -- results in dementia-like changes in the brain.

New targeted drug effectively dissolves blood clots, has fewer side effects Posted: 22 Jun 2016 08:47 AM PDT The main objective of emergency assistance in critical conditions associated with the blockage of blood vessels is to quickly dissolve the clot. To this end, scientists have developed a magnetically controlled drug that can be condensed on a blood clot by means of a magnetic field and can dissolve clots up to 4,000 times more efficiently than ordinary enzyme-based drugs. The new study will also help reduce drug dosage, thus avoiding numerous side effects.

Empowering addiction treatment patients to engage in care may improve overall health Posted: 22 Jun 2016 08:47 AM PDT In the first trial of an intervention focused on increasing alcohol and drug treatment patients' engagement in their own health care, researchers found that patients who received six intervention sessions had greater involvement in managing their health and health care than those receiving fewer sessions.

Australia 20 years after gun reform: No mass shootings, declining firearm deaths Posted: 22 Jun 2016 08:47 AM PDT Since gun law reform and the Firearms Buyback program 20 years ago, Australia has seen an accelerating decline in intentional firearm deaths and an absence of fatal mass shootings, a new report shows after a landmark study.

New heart failure therapy could prevent substantial number of deaths, study finds Posted: 22 Jun 2016 08:47 AM PDT A study estimates that almost 28,500 deaths could be prevented each year in the US through use of a new FDA-approved class of cardiovascular medication that helps reduce mortality in patients diagnosed with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, the percentage of blood pumped from the heart with each contraction.

Blacks with AFib at greater risk for adverse outcomes Posted: 22 Jun 2016 08:47 AM PDT Blacks with atrial fibrillation have nearly double the risk of stroke, heart failure, coronary heart disease and mortality from all causes than their white counterparts, new research shows.

Novel combination therapy shows strong response in phase 1 trial Posted: 22 Jun 2016 08:00 AM PDT A phase 1 clinical trial testing a novel combination therapy slowed the growth of cancer in the majority of trial participants.

Smoking may have negative effects on sperm quality Posted: 22 Jun 2016 07:58 AM PDT A recent study found that that sperm of men who smoke has a greater extent of DNA damage than that of non-smokers.

Treatment of humans, pigs may reduce endemic tapeworm infection Posted: 22 Jun 2016 07:58 AM PDT The transmission of Taenia solium, a pork tapeworm species that infects humans and causes late-onset seizures and epilepsy, can be stopped on a population-wide level with mass treatments of both pigs and humans, researchers have shown.

Psychiatric diagnostic tools may not be valid for African Americans Posted: 22 Jun 2016 07:58 AM PDT African Americans perceive depression as a weakness inconsistent with notions of strength in the community, rather than as a health condition, new research shows. The study results have significant implications for the clinical assessment of depression and for the measurement of depression in community surveys.

Impulsive children raised in caring families drink less during adolescence Posted: 22 Jun 2016 07:58 AM PDT Years of research have shown that impulsivity in childhood is among the individual vulnerabilities leading to substance abuse, delinquency, as well as aggressive and antisocial behavior in adolescence and adulthood. However, a new study shows that impulsive children who were raised in less coercive families at the age of 6 actually drank less alcohol than their less impulsive peers at the age of 15.

Hip implants: Metal wear impairs bone-forming cells' function Posted: 22 Jun 2016 07:58 AM PDT In metal-on-metal pairings, both the shell and head of an implant consist of a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy, report researchers looking into the safety of hip implants. The release of metal ions into the body has been reported as a result of implant wear. Bone loss (osteolysis) was observed in many cases. Researchers have been able to show now that cobalt and chromium release contributes to bone loss.

Absence of a single protein spurs muscle aging in mice Posted: 22 Jun 2016 07:57 AM PDT The loss of the protein Mitofusin 2 in the muscles of young mice speeds up aging and causes early sarcopenia, thus leading to the muscle quality of aged mice, report researchers. Sarcopenia, which is muscle wastage and the accompanied loss of strength, is one of the most weakening conditions of old age and it has no treatment. The scientists propose that stimulating Mitofusin 2 activity would provide a good strategy through which to ameliorate sarcopenia.

One-third of hospitals in developing world lack running water Posted: 22 Jun 2016 07:49 AM PDT A study of 430 hospitals in the developing world found that more than one-third lacked running water, a deficiency that can lead to unsanitary conditions for patients in general and dangerous conditions for those who need surgery.

Mental training for soccer tactics Posted: 22 Jun 2016 07:48 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new mental training technique for athletes.

Childhood antibiotic treatments reduce diversity, stability of intestinal microbiota Posted: 22 Jun 2016 07:47 AM PDT A project followed the development of 39 Finnish infants from birth to the age of three. Half of the children received 9-15 antibiotic treatments during the research period, and the other half did not receive any such treatments. Stool samples were collected from the children monthly between the ages of 2 and 36 months, for a total of 1069 samples.

Self-learning arm controlled by thought Posted: 22 Jun 2016 07:47 AM PDT Scientists are developing a robotic arm prototype and its control algorithm using myoelectric signals. The mechanical limb will independently recognize the motions of its owner and be able to perform all the same motions like a healthy arm. The scientists estimate the final cost of the device of 600 - 1,000 USD.

Is 'when we eat' as important as 'what we eat'? Posted: 22 Jun 2016 07:23 AM PDT In a review of research on the effect of meal patterns on health, the few studies available suggest that eating irregularly is linked to a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and obesity). The limited evidence highlights the need for larger scale studies to better understand the impact of chrono-nutrition on public health, argue the authors of two new papers.

Hibernation study yields insights about organ protection Posted: 22 Jun 2016 07:21 AM PDT Novel adaptations discovered in hibernating animals may reveal ways to mitigate injuries associated with strokes, heart attacks and organ transplants, according to researchers.

Diabetes raises risk of heart attack death by 50 percent Posted: 22 Jun 2016 07:21 AM PDT Having diabetes increases the risk of dying from the effects of a heart attack by around 50 percent, according to a widespread study. The study's participants with diabetes were 39 per cent more likely to have died if they had a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) heart attack -- in which the artery is partially blocked -- than those without diabetes.

Hey! You stole my food!: Abnormal eating behaviors in frontotemporal dementia Posted: 22 Jun 2016 07:19 AM PDT Frontotemporal dementia is associated with a wide variety of abnormal eating behaviors such as hyperphagia, fixations on one kind of food, even ingestion of inanimate objects, making an already difficult situation even worse. A new review gathers together the state of the art of what is known in this field, paying particular attention to the brain mechanisms involved. The information may be used for understanding eating disorders in healthy people.

Landmark study gives clearest picture of genetic causes of bowel cancer Posted: 22 Jun 2016 07:19 AM PDT A landmark study has given the most detailed picture yet of the genetics of bowel cancer. The study examined all the genes from more than 1,000 people with bowel cancer and is the largest of its type ever conducted.

In what is believed to be U.S. first, physician uses telehealth to replace comprehensive face-to-face visit for home dialysis patient Posted: 21 Jun 2016 11:40 AM PDT A telehealth program is being piloted, which could open the door for patients in rural communities to receive more subspecialized care without traveling long distances.

New study reveals how HIV enters cell nucleus Posted: 21 Jun 2016 11:39 AM PDT Scientists have solved a mystery that has long baffled HIV researchers: How does HIV manage to enter the nucleus of immune system cells? The discovery could lead to effective new drugs to treat HIV/AIDS.

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