ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Most people don't sleep any worse when taking medicines with sleep disturbance warnings
• Study of police officers finds fatigue impacts tactical social interaction
• Sleep disturbances common among military spouses
• Late sleep timing linked to poorer diet quality, lower physical activity
• Trauma in childhood linked to drug use in adolescence
• Switched-on Salmonella: Fluid forces guide disease traits of multidrug-resistant bacteria
• New technique expands pool of gene-corrected liver cells
• Whole-exome sequencing predicts which bladder cancers, cell lines respond to cisplatin
• Immune system blood cell a potential marker for sinus polyp regrowth
• Modeling the correct doses for disease-fighting drugs
• New compound shows potential for triple-negative breast cancer
• How altered gut microbes cause obesity
• New chromosome origin element identified
• Constipated? Study finds surprising cause
• Single strain of plague bacteria sparked multiple historical and modern pandemics
• Myocardial infarction: Rush-hour for neutrophils
• Lignin from plants boosts the effectiveness of sunscreen
• Metabolite of multiple sclerosis drug could be safe, effective therapy for Parkinson's disease
• DNA 'scrunching' could be new target for antiviral drugs
• Increase in biomarker linked with increased risk of heart disease, heart failure, death
• Clinical trial examines treatment of complicated grief
• Study highlights multiple factors of ADHD medication use
• Pubertal timing strongly linked to men's sexual and reproductive health
• Adults at risk for diabetes double activity levels through healthy lifestyle program
• World's first child-exoskeleton for spinal muscular atrophy
• Beneficial effects of exercise change with age
• Study reveals if spirituality, religion help parents cope after losing a child
• Plant-based sweeteners may help individuals control their blood glucose levels
• Air pollution affects young people’s psychiatric health
• Sugar tax could cut consumption of unhealthier breakfast cereals, new study finds.
• Psoriasis: Light shed on new details
• Marriage could improve heart attack survival and reduce hospital stay
• Addressing antibiotic resistance: Breath analysis aims to reduce unnecessary prescriptions
• Barley lowers not one but two types of 'bad cholesterol,' review suggests
• Mathematical simulation of open-heart surgery lends clues to kidney failure
• Hidden electronic anti-theft systems remain a threat to cardiac device patients
• Study sheds light on uncategorized genetic mutations in cystic fibrosis
• Bleeding hearts predict future heart failure
• Sexual transmission of ebola likely to impact course of outbreaks
• Fat tissue shows a robust circadian rhythm in a dish
• Pneumococcal vaccine watches bacteria, strikes only when needed
• US counties could gain $1 million in annual health benefits from a power plant carbon standard
• Stress exposure during pregnancy observed in mothers of children with autism
• Screening for syphilis recommended for persons at increased risk of infection
• Findings suggest small increase in obesity among U.S. teens in recent years

Most people don't sleep any worse when taking medicines with sleep disturbance warnings Posted: 08 Jun 2016 06:21 PM PDT Medicines that carry warnings about sleep disturbances do not seem to contribute to the amount of sleep disturbances in the general population, according to new 'real world' research. The findings suggest that investigators may need to provide more careful reporting of side effects in clinical trials, and emphasizes the value of research into the safety of medicines once they are being taken by the general population.

Study of police officers finds fatigue impacts tactical social interaction Posted: 08 Jun 2016 02:43 PM PDT Fatigue associated with shift work influences how police officers interact day-to-day during encounters with the public, which can either build or erode trust in the police, a new study has found.

Sleep disturbances common among military spouses Posted: 08 Jun 2016 02:42 PM PDT Spouses of military service members experience significant sleep problems, which can impact their health and psycho-social functioning, research shows. The results underscore the importance of screening for sleep disturbances, providing evidence-based interventions to service members as well as their families.

Late sleep timing linked to poorer diet quality, lower physical activity Posted: 08 Jun 2016 02:42 PM PDT Among healthy adults with a habitual sleep duration of at least 6.5 hours, late sleep timing was associated with higher fast food consumption and lower vegetable intake, particularly among men, as well as lower physical activity, a new study has found.

Trauma in childhood linked to drug use in adolescence Posted: 08 Jun 2016 02:42 PM PDT Latest research from a national sample of almost 10,000 US adolescents found psychological trauma, especially abuse and domestic violence before age 11, can increase the likelihood of experimentation with drugs in adolescence, independent of a history of mental illness. This is the first study to document these associations in an American national sample of adolescents.

Switched-on Salmonella: Fluid forces guide disease traits of multidrug-resistant bacteria Posted: 08 Jun 2016 12:44 PM PDT In new research, researchers explore the effects of physiological fluid shear on ST313 -- a particularly dangerous type of Salmonella, which is resistant to multiple antibiotics and currently ravaging regions of sub-Saharan Africa.

New technique expands pool of gene-corrected liver cells Posted: 08 Jun 2016 12:40 PM PDT Medical researchers have developed a new technique that may help to overcome one of the largest hurdles in gene therapy -- the ability to generate a large pool of gene-corrected cells that would be effective in repairing or correcting injury and disease.

Whole-exome sequencing predicts which bladder cancers, cell lines respond to cisplatin Posted: 08 Jun 2016 11:29 AM PDT A new study describes mutational landscape of bladder cancer cell lines, demonstrates that alterations in these cells lines do indeed match changes in samples of human bladder cancer and shows genes and gene pathways that may be functionally involved in the ability of bladder cancer to resist therapy.

Immune system blood cell a potential marker for sinus polyp regrowth Posted: 08 Jun 2016 11:29 AM PDT In an effort to identify a simple, reliable way to track the course of nasal polyps in chronic sinus disease, researchers say they've linked rising levels of immune system white blood cells, called eosinophils, with regrowth of polyps removed by surgery.

Modeling the correct doses for disease-fighting drugs Posted: 08 Jun 2016 11:29 AM PDT In treating diseases with drugs, dosing is critical; too little is ineffective, while too much can be lethal. New research takes a mathematical approach to achieving optimal dosing for various drugs

New compound shows potential for triple-negative breast cancer Posted: 08 Jun 2016 11:29 AM PDT A promising new compound has been identified for targeting one of the most aggressive types of breast cancer. The compound, currently called UM-164, goes after a kinase known to play a role in the growth and spread of triple-negative breast cancer. UM-164 blocks the kinase c-Src and inhibits another pathway, p38, involved in this subtype.

How altered gut microbes cause obesity Posted: 08 Jun 2016 11:25 AM PDT Obesity is linked to changes in our gut microbes -- the trillions of tiny organisms that inhabit our intestines. But the mechanism has not been clear to date. In a new study, a team of researchers has identified how an altered gut microbiota causes obesity.

New chromosome origin element identified Posted: 08 Jun 2016 11:25 AM PDT Scientists have discovered a new essential sequence within bacterial genomes required for DNA replication -- the second ever to be discovered and the first for 30 years.

Constipated? Study finds surprising cause Posted: 08 Jun 2016 11:25 AM PDT A new study has shown a surprising link between constipation and herpes infection. The finding advances the science on herpes, and could help patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases with no clear cause.

Single strain of plague bacteria sparked multiple historical and modern pandemics Posted: 08 Jun 2016 11:25 AM PDT A single entry of the plague bacterium into Europe was responsible for the Black Plague of the mid-14th century. This same strain sparked recurrent outbreaks on the continent over the following four centuries before spreading to China, where it triggered the third plague pandemic in the late 19th century. The wave of plague that traveled to Asia later became the source population for modern-day epidemics around the globe, reveals genome analyses of the bacterium.

Myocardial infarction: Rush-hour for neutrophils Posted: 08 Jun 2016 09:07 AM PDT Researchers have shown that circadian oscillations in the influx of immune cells into the damaged tissue play a crucial role in exacerbating the effects of an acute heart attack in the early morning hours.

Lignin from plants boosts the effectiveness of sunscreen Posted: 08 Jun 2016 09:06 AM PDT Warm weather means beach vacations and pool-dipping for many of us. It also signals a season of slathering on sunscreen to avoid getting burned. Someday, those products could be enhanced with lignin, a natural material in plants and a major waste product of the paper industry.

Metabolite of multiple sclerosis drug could be safe, effective therapy for Parkinson's disease Posted: 08 Jun 2016 09:06 AM PDT The metabolite of a drug that is helping patients battle multiple sclerosis appears to significantly slow the onset of Parkinson's disease, researchers say.

DNA 'scrunching' could be new target for antiviral drugs Posted: 08 Jun 2016 09:06 AM PDT Vaccines have saved countless lives since their first use more than 200 years ago. But treatments for infections once they take hold can be hard to come by. Now scientists could be onto a new approach to developing antiviral therapies. Scientists now report that DNA may 'scrunch' like a worm to get inside viral shells. This deeper understanding could help lead to novel ways to fight pathogens.

Increase in biomarker linked with increased risk of heart disease, heart failure, death Posted: 08 Jun 2016 09:05 AM PDT A new study examined the association of six-year change in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T with incident coronary heart disease, heart failure and all-cause mortality.

Clinical trial examines treatment of complicated grief Posted: 08 Jun 2016 09:05 AM PDT A new study reports on the results of a randomized clinical trial that looked at whether the antidepressant citalopram would enhance complicated grief treatment psychotherapy, and if citalopram would be efficacious without it.

Study highlights multiple factors of ADHD medication use Posted: 08 Jun 2016 08:29 AM PDT Youth who take Ritalin, Adderall or other stimulant medications for ADHD over an extended period of time early in life are no more at risk for substance abuse in later adolescence than teens without ADHD, according to a new study.

Pubertal timing strongly linked to men's sexual and reproductive health Posted: 08 Jun 2016 08:29 AM PDT A new study finds a strong association between late onset of puberty and subsequent semen quality. This is the first study of its kind to investigate the influence of pubertal timing on male reproductive health. 1,068 healthy young Danish men participated in the study and provided information on the timing of puberty. This suggests that timing of pubertal onset may be a fundamental marker of male reproductive health. Men with a history of early puberty were shorter, had a higher BMI and were often smokers or exposed to prenatal tobacco smoke.

Adults at risk for diabetes double activity levels through healthy lifestyle program Posted: 08 Jun 2016 07:42 AM PDT Adults at risk for type 2 diabetes or heart disease or both can substantially increase their physical activity levels through participating in a lifestyle intervention program designed for use in community-settings, such as senior centers or worksites. The analysis also confirmed that season matters, with participants getting more physical activity in the summer, versus winter, months.

World's first child-exoskeleton for spinal muscular atrophy Posted: 08 Jun 2016 07:40 AM PDT Researchers have introduced the world's first infant exoskeleton which is designed to help children with spinal muscular atrophy, a degenerative illness. Weighing 12 kilos, the apparatus is made of aluminium and titanium, and is designed to help patients walk- in some cases for the first time.

Beneficial effects of exercise change with age Posted: 08 Jun 2016 07:09 AM PDT Compared to older people, younger adults experience greater antioxidant benefits from one exercise session, new research shows. According to a new study, age may play a significant role in a cell's ability to respond to that activity.

Study reveals if spirituality, religion help parents cope after losing a child Posted: 08 Jun 2016 07:09 AM PDT Nothing is more devastating for a parent than the death of a child. Yet, few studies have examined parents' mental health and personal growth, especially in black and Hispanic parents, following their child's death in the hospital, and the role of spirituality or religion in helping them cope. Results of a new study reveal important differences in how mothers and fathers cope with the death of a child.

Plant-based sweeteners may help individuals control their blood glucose levels Posted: 08 Jun 2016 07:05 AM PDT A new study shows that it is possible to reduce the level of sugar in muffins without affecting their textural properties by replacing half of the sugar content with stevianna or inulin, which are plant-based sweeteners. Also, after individuals consumed sugar-replaced muffins, their glycemic response -- or the concentration of glucose in the blood -- was lower than when they consumed regular muffins.

Air pollution affects young people’s psychiatric health Posted: 08 Jun 2016 07:05 AM PDT New research indicates that dispensed medication for psychiatric diagnosis can be related to air pollution concentrations.

Sugar tax could cut consumption of unhealthier breakfast cereals, new study finds. Posted: 08 Jun 2016 07:04 AM PDT A 20% sugar tax could discourage shoppers from buying unhealthier breakfast cereals, new British research shows.

Psoriasis: Light shed on new details Posted: 08 Jun 2016 07:04 AM PDT "A pathological and very complex autoimmune reaction of the skin": This is the definition doctors and scientists use to describe psoriasis, a disease that affects one to three percent of the population. It is characterized by accelerated cell division in the upper dermal layers with proliferated skin cells and an inflammation of the skin beneath. Many different cells are involved in the complex processes: skin cells (keratinocytes) and cells of the immune system, among others T lymphocytes, macrophages, mast cells and others.

Marriage could improve heart attack survival and reduce hospital stay Posted: 08 Jun 2016 07:01 AM PDT Being married could improve your likelihood of surviving a heart attack and is associated with reduced length of hospital stay -- according to new research. The team found that married people were 14 percent less likely to die after a heart attack than single people. Married people were also likely to spend two fewer days in hospital than single people.

Addressing antibiotic resistance: Breath analysis aims to reduce unnecessary prescriptions Posted: 08 Jun 2016 07:00 AM PDT The overuse of antibiotics gives harmful bacteria the opportunity to evolve into drug resistant strains that threaten health care. To help tackle the problem, scientists have begun a pilot study examining biomarkers exhaled by patients. The team's goal is to develop an efficient (fast, accurate, painless and affordable) test that will assist doctors in prescribing antibiotics only when the treatment is absolutely necessary.

Barley lowers not one but two types of 'bad cholesterol,' review suggests Posted: 08 Jun 2016 06:56 AM PDT Eating barley or foods containing barley significantly reduced levels of two types of 'bad cholesterol' associated with cardiovascular risk, a research paper has found.

Mathematical simulation of open-heart surgery lends clues to kidney failure Posted: 08 Jun 2016 06:55 AM PDT No one can deny that open-heart surgery, where the heart is exposed and the blood is made to bypass it, is one of the most invasive of all medical procedures. Nearly one-third of all patients undergoing heart surgery experience kidney failure, yet little is known about why kidney injury occurs or how to prevent it.

Hidden electronic anti-theft systems remain a threat to cardiac device patients Posted: 08 Jun 2016 06:55 AM PDT Electronic anti-theft systems still pose a threat to cardiac device patients.

Study sheds light on uncategorized genetic mutations in cystic fibrosis Posted: 07 Jun 2016 07:06 PM PDT A new study on cystic fibrosis sheds light on some the genetic mutations implicated, and the impact for those who carry them. CF is a progressive, genetic disease that causes persistent lung infections and limits the ability to breathe over time. According to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, in the United States alone about 12 million people are carriers, and every year 2,500 babies are born with the disease which occurs when the child inherits two defective genes.

Bleeding hearts predict future heart failure Posted: 07 Jun 2016 07:06 PM PDT The amount a heart 'bleeds' following a heart attack can predict the severity of future heart failure, according to new research.

Sexual transmission of ebola likely to impact course of outbreaks Posted: 07 Jun 2016 07:06 PM PDT Sexual transmission of the Ebola virus could have a major impact on the dynamics of the disease, potentially reigniting an outbreak that has been contained by public health interventions, according to research.

Fat tissue shows a robust circadian rhythm in a dish Posted: 07 Jun 2016 07:01 PM PDT Researchers have investigated whether human adipose (fat) tissue possesses its own circadian rhythm in insulin sensitivity that could contribute to this phenomenon.

Pneumococcal vaccine watches bacteria, strikes only when needed Posted: 07 Jun 2016 07:01 PM PDT Conventional vaccines indiscriminately destroy bacteria and other disease-causing agents. The approach works, but there is growing concern that it creates opportunity other pathogens to harm the body -- similar to antibiotic resistance resulting in new and more potent pathogens. A new, protein-based pneumococcal vaccine takes a different approach. It allows pneumonia-causing bacteria to colonize in the body and -- like a nightclub bouncer -- swings into action only if the bacteria becomes harmful.

US counties could gain $1 million in annual health benefits from a power plant carbon standard Posted: 07 Jun 2016 07:01 PM PDT Nearly all US regions stand to gain economic benefits from power plant carbon standards that set moderately stringent emission targets and allow a high level of compliance flexibility, according to a new study.

Stress exposure during pregnancy observed in mothers of children with autism Posted: 07 Jun 2016 07:01 PM PDT Stress during pregnancy has been linked to several conditions, including some instances of autism spectrum disorder. Now, researchers have observed a variant of a stress-sensitive gene and exposure to stress during pregnancy among two groups of mothers of children with autism. The finding could be a step toward helping identify women who have greater risks for having children with autism when exposed to stressors during pregnancy.

Screening for syphilis recommended for persons at increased risk of infection Posted: 07 Jun 2016 08:32 AM PDT New research has found convincing evidence that screening for syphilis infection in asymptomatic, nonpregnant persons at increased risk for infection provides substantial benefit.

Findings suggest small increase in obesity among U.S. teens in recent years Posted: 07 Jun 2016 08:32 AM PDT Among U.S. children and adolescents 2 to 19 years of age, the prevalence of obesity in 2011- 2014 was 17 percent, and over approximately the last 25 years, the prevalence has decreased in children age 2 to 5 years, leveled off in children 6 to 11 years, and increased among adolescents 12 to 19 years of age, according to a study.

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