ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Brain activity, response to food cues differ in severely obese women, study shows
• Genes find their partners without matchmakers
• Maternal intake of past-its-prime fish oil linked to newborn death, rat study finds
• U. S. land capacity for feeding people could expand with dietary changes
• Three-drug combinations could help counter antibiotic resistance, biologists report
• Lack of sleep increases a child's risk for emotional disorders later
• Researchers identify way to predict, prevent damage in donated kidneys
• New remote-controlled microrobots for medical operations
• Third of pregnant women iron deficient, risk thyroid-related pregnancy complications
• Blood disorders cost €23 billion to European economy
• Gastrointestinal disorders involve both brain-to-gut and gut-to-brain pathways
• Most surgical meniscus repairs are unnecessary
• Why apnea patients are prone to suffer from glaucoma
• Forms of HIV can cross from chimps to humans, study confirms
• Designer protein gives new hope to scientists studying Alzheimer's disease
• Significant pain increases the risk of opioid addiction by 41 percent
• Shaken baby syndrome accepted as diagnosis by majority of physicians
• Novel compounds arrested epilepsy development in mice
• Smokers quitting tobacco also drink less alcohol
• New review concludes that evidence for alcohol causing cancer is strong
• Ancient feces provides earliest evidence of infectious disease being carried on Silk Road
• Ecologists create a framework for predicting new infectious diseases
• A more powerful way to develop therapeutics?
• Predatory prawns eliminate a major parasite more effectively than drugs alone
• Neural networks: Why larger brains are more susceptible to mental illnesses
• Stop the snails: Control of snail hosts critical to schistosomiasis elimination
• Fluorescent trypanosomes reveal invasion of skin and beyond following tsetse fly bites
• Gene controls regeneration of injured muscle by adult stem cells
• Cerebrospinal fluid signals control the behavior of stem cells in the brain
• Regenerative medicine improves strength, function in severe muscle injuries
• Pharmacogenetics experts establish common vocabulary in bid to advance precision medicine
• Researchers ID cancer gene-drug combinations ripe for precision medicine
• Airbags, seat belts associated with reduced likelihood of facial fractures
• Are provider-related factors affecting the likelihood of breast preservation?
• Algorithm characterizes how cancer genomes get scrambled

Brain activity, response to food cues differ in severely obese women, study shows Posted: 22 Jul 2016 09:32 AM PDT The brain's reward centers in severely obese women continue to respond to food cues even after they've eaten and are no longer hungry, in contrast to their lean counterparts, according to a recent study.

Genes find their partners without matchmakers Posted: 22 Jul 2016 08:23 AM PDT A new study provides more evidence that identical sections of DNA can match up with each other without the help of other molecules.

Maternal intake of past-its-prime fish oil linked to newborn death, rat study finds Posted: 22 Jul 2016 07:45 AM PDT Nearly 30 percent of newborn pups born to pregnant rats fed highly-oxidized ("off") fish oil died within two days after birth, finds a new study.

U. S. land capacity for feeding people could expand with dietary changes Posted: 22 Jul 2016 07:45 AM PDT A new "food-print" model that measures the per-person land requirements of different diets suggests that, with dietary changes, the U.S. could feed significantly more people from existing agricultural land.

Three-drug combinations could help counter antibiotic resistance, biologists report Posted: 22 Jul 2016 07:41 AM PDT Bacteria resistance to antibiotics can be offset by combining three antibiotics that interact well together, even when none of the individual three, nor pairs among them, might be very effective in fighting harmful bacteria, life scientists report. This is an important advance because approximately 700,000 people each year die from drug-resistant infections.

Lack of sleep increases a child's risk for emotional disorders later Posted: 22 Jul 2016 07:41 AM PDT Children who experience inadequate or disrupted sleep are more likely to develop depression and anxiety disorders later in life according to recent research. The study seeks to determine the precise ways inadequate sleep in childhood produces elevated risk for emotional disorders in later years.

Researchers identify way to predict, prevent damage in donated kidneys Posted: 22 Jul 2016 07:41 AM PDT A panel of genes has been identified that can help predict whether a transplanted kidney will later develop fibrosis, an injury which can cause the organ to fail.

New remote-controlled microrobots for medical operations Posted: 22 Jul 2016 07:41 AM PDT Scientists have developed a new method for building microrobots that could be used in the body to deliver drugs and perform other medical operations.

Third of pregnant women iron deficient, risk thyroid-related pregnancy complications Posted: 22 Jul 2016 06:35 AM PDT A third of pregnant women have iron deficiency, putting them at increased risk of having a thyroid disorder and suffering complications such as miscarriages and preterm births, a new study suggests.

Blood disorders cost €23 billion to European economy Posted: 22 Jul 2016 06:35 AM PDT Healthcare costs per patient with blood cancers are two times higher than average cancer costs, due to long hospital stays and complex treatment and diagnosis, a new report outlines.

Gastrointestinal disorders involve both brain-to-gut and gut-to-brain pathways Posted: 22 Jul 2016 06:32 AM PDT New research indicates that in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or indigestion, there is a distinct brain-to-gut pathway, where psychological symptoms begin first, and separately a distinct gut-to-brain pathway, where gut symptoms start first. In the study, higher levels of anxiety and depression were significant predictors of developing IBS or indigestion within 1 year.

Most surgical meniscus repairs are unnecessary Posted: 22 Jul 2016 06:32 AM PDT Three out of four people could avoid knee surgery with a new form of exercise therapy, with significant cost savings for society, say researchers in a new report.

Why apnea patients are prone to suffer from glaucoma Posted: 22 Jul 2016 06:32 AM PDT Scientists have successfully measured the eye pressure of sleeping patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome for the first time, finding an unexpected correlation with glaucoma.

Forms of HIV can cross from chimps to humans, study confirms Posted: 22 Jul 2016 06:29 AM PDT The first in vivo evidence that strains of chimpanzee-carried simian immunodeficiency viruses can infect human cells has been reported by a team of scientists.

Designer protein gives new hope to scientists studying Alzheimer's disease Posted: 22 Jul 2016 06:29 AM PDT Researchers have designed a new protein which strongly resembles Abeta. In people with Alzheimer's, Amyloid-beta (Abeta) proteins stick together to make amyloid fibrils which form clumps between neurons in the brain. It's believed the build-up of these clumps causes brain cells to die, leading to the cognitive decline in patients suffering from the disease.

Significant pain increases the risk of opioid addiction by 41 percent Posted: 22 Jul 2016 06:29 AM PDT What do we really know about the relationship between the experience of pain and risk of developing opioid use disorder? Results from a recent study -- the first to directly address this question -- show that people with moderate or more severe pain had a 41 percent higher risk of developing prescription opioid use disorders than those without, independent of other demographic and clinical factors.

Shaken baby syndrome accepted as diagnosis by majority of physicians Posted: 22 Jul 2016 06:29 AM PDT Survey data reveals a high degree of medical consensus that shaking a young child is capable of producing subdural hematoma (a life-threatening pooling of blood outside the brain), severe retinal hemorrhage, coma or death, according to a study.

Novel compounds arrested epilepsy development in mice Posted: 22 Jul 2016 06:29 AM PDT Neuroprotective compounds have been developed by scientists that may prevent the development of epilepsy. The researchers explained that the compounds prevented seizures and their damaging effects on dendritic spines, specialized structures that allow brain cells to communicate. In epilepsy, these structures are damaged and rewire incorrectly, creating brain circuits that are hyper-connected and prone to seizures, an important example of pathological plasticity.

Smokers quitting tobacco also drink less alcohol Posted: 21 Jul 2016 06:09 PM PDT People who have recently begun an attempt to quit smoking tobacco are more likely to try to drink less alcohol than other smokers, according to research.

New review concludes that evidence for alcohol causing cancer is strong Posted: 21 Jul 2016 04:40 PM PDT A new review of epidemiological evidence supports a causal association between alcohol consumption and cancers at seven sites in the body: oropharynx, larynx, esophagus, liver, colon, rectum and female breast.

Ancient feces provides earliest evidence of infectious disease being carried on Silk Road Posted: 21 Jul 2016 04:40 PM PDT Intestinal parasites as well as goods were carried by travelers on the iconic route, say researchers examining an ancient latrine.

Ecologists create a framework for predicting new infectious diseases Posted: 21 Jul 2016 03:05 PM PDT Ecologists are leading a global effort to predict where new infectious diseases are likely to emerge. In a new paper, they describe how macroecology—the study of ecological patterns and processes across broad scales of time and space—can provide insights about disease.

A more powerful way to develop therapeutics? Posted: 21 Jul 2016 03:03 PM PDT Scientists have developed a new method for identifying the raw ingredients necessary to build 'biologics,' a powerful class of medications that has revolutionized treatment of diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and some cancers.

Predatory prawns eliminate a major parasite more effectively than drugs alone Posted: 21 Jul 2016 12:14 PM PDT A new study upends the status quo to combatting schistosomiasis, which affects 250 million people worldwide. The team suggests that the spread of the parasitic disease is curbed more effectively with ecological intervention than drug treatment alone.

Neural networks: Why larger brains are more susceptible to mental illnesses Posted: 21 Jul 2016 12:12 PM PDT In humans and other mammals, the cerebral cortex is responsible for sensory, motor, and cognitive functions. A new study shows that the global architecture of the cortical networks in large-brained primates and small-brained rodents is organized by common principles. However, primate brains have weaker long-distance connections, which could explain why large brains are more susceptible to mental illnesses including schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.

Stop the snails: Control of snail hosts critical to schistosomiasis elimination Posted: 21 Jul 2016 12:10 PM PDT A study reports that successful Schistosomiasis control programs over the past century relied, at least in part, on reducing the freshwater snails that are an essential host in the parasite life cycle.

Fluorescent trypanosomes reveal invasion of skin and beyond following tsetse fly bites Posted: 21 Jul 2016 12:10 PM PDT Trypanosome parasites cause sleeping sickness in Africa. If left untreated, the infection causes coma and eventually death. A study takes a close look at what happens after an infected tsetse fly transmits parasites into the skin of a mouse host and shows that very few parasites are needed to successfully colonize the host. In addition, multiplication of parasites at the bite site creates a reservoir from which parasites can be picked up by subsequent tsetse fly bites.

Gene controls regeneration of injured muscle by adult stem cells Posted: 21 Jul 2016 11:34 AM PDT A key gene enables the repair of injured muscle throughout life, according to a study in mice. The study results further suggest that this "overlooked" gene may play an important role in sarcopenia, the loss of muscle tissues with age.

Cerebrospinal fluid signals control the behavior of stem cells in the brain Posted: 21 Jul 2016 11:34 AM PDT The choroid plexus, a largely ignored structure in the brain that produces the cerebrospinal fluid, is an important regulator of adult neural stem cells, research indicates. The study also shows that signals secreted by the choroid plexus dynamically change during aging which affects aged stem cell behavior.

Regenerative medicine improves strength, function in severe muscle injuries Posted: 21 Jul 2016 11:34 AM PDT Patients with severe muscle loss surgically implanted with bioscaffolds derived from pig tissue showed significant improvement in strength and range of motion, as well as evidence for skeletal muscle regeneration, report researchers.

Pharmacogenetics experts establish common vocabulary in bid to advance precision medicine Posted: 21 Jul 2016 11:28 AM PDT A new project to promote the use of pharmacogenetics -- the study of how genetics influence drug response -- has the goal of improving medication safety and effectiveness.

Researchers ID cancer gene-drug combinations ripe for precision medicine Posted: 21 Jul 2016 11:28 AM PDT In an effort to expand the number of cancer gene mutations that can be specifically targeted with personalized therapies, researchers looked for combinations of mutated genes and drugs that together kill cancer cells. The study uncovered 172 new combinations that could form the basis for future cancer therapies.

Airbags, seat belts associated with reduced likelihood of facial fractures Posted: 21 Jul 2016 11:27 AM PDT Nearly 11 percent of patients examined at trauma centers following motor vehicle collisions had at least one facial fracture, and airbags and seat belts were associated with reduced likelihood of those fractures, according to an article.

Are provider-related factors affecting the likelihood of breast preservation? Posted: 21 Jul 2016 11:27 AM PDT Do regional practice patterns for radiotherapy for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) breast cancer increase the likelihood of mastectomy when there is a second breast cancer in women who did not receive radiotherapy at the initial DCIS diagnosis? A new research study intended to find the answer to this question.

Algorithm characterizes how cancer genomes get scrambled Posted: 21 Jul 2016 11:27 AM PDT A new method for analyzing the scrambled genomes of cancer cells gives researchers for the first time the ability to simultaneously identify two different types of genetic changes associated with cancers and to identify connections between the two.

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