ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Cord blood outperforms matched, unrelated donor in bone marrow transplant
• Real-time imaging of fish gut ties bacterial competition to gut movements
• Research tracks interplay of genes and environment on physical, educational outcomes
• New evidence: How amino acid cysteine combats Huntington's disease
• Medicaid expansion increased Medicaid enrollment among liver transplant recipients
• Genome-editing 'toolbox' targets multiple genes at once
• Study in mice suggests stem cells could ward off glaucoma
• Health insurance coverage is associated with lower odds of alcohol use by pregnant women
• Nanoparticles used to break up plaque and prevent cavities
• Repeated experiences of racism most damaging to mental health
• Protein insights to help find heart disease cure
• New genetics clues into motor neuron disease
• Hospital data helps predict risk of pneumonia after heart surgery
• Overlooked benefit of successful healthy lifestyle programs: Improved quality-of-life
• Major new study provides important insights for effective treatment of heart failure with pEF
• Biological explanation for wheat sensitivity found
• Cracking the mystery of Zika virus replication
• How animals keep their cells identical
• Researchers identify protein role in pathway required for Ebola replication
• Study links gymnastics equipment to exposure to flame-retardant chemicals
• Childhood illness not linked to higher adult mortality
• Can a brain scan early in a period of stress predict eventual memory loss?
• Elite cyclists are more resilient to mental fatigue
• Survival, surgical interventions for children with rare, genetic birth disorder
• Trends in late preterm, early term birth rates and association with clinician-initiated obstetric interventions
• Task force maybe too stringent in not yet recommending melanoma screening
• Study compares cognitive outcomes for treatments of brain lesions
• Evidence insufficient to make recommendation regarding visual skin examination by a clinician
• Americans worried about using gene editing, brain chip implants and synthetic blood
• Why baby boomers need a hepatitis C screening
• 'Gestational Sleep Apnea': Wake Up to a New Diagnosis
• New era in global fightback against deadly antibiotic resistance
• Markers that cause toxic radiotherapy side-effects in prostate cancer identified
• Height rankings revealed: Dutch men and Latvian women tallest in world
• Severity of enzyme deficiency central to favism
• Doping in sports and society: a growing problem
• Historical love-affair with indulgent foods
• Streetcar tracks increase risk of bike crashes
• Researchers unveil new data, diagnostic tool at the world's largest Alzheimer's forum
• Web-based technology improves pediatric ADHD care and patient outcomes
• Cells from same cell bank lots may have vast genetic variability
• Male hormone reverses cell aging in clinical trial
• Transcriptome differences in prostate cancer highlight racial disparities, vitamin D
• Common diabetes drug may help prevent preterm birth
• National survey says many, not all, open to doctors talking about guns
• Novel statistical method captures long-term health burden of pediatric cancer cures
• 1 in 3 overweight and 1 in 7 obese in north east China (Jilin Province)
• BRCA1 mutations in breast, ovarian cancer can predict treatment resistance
• Statins improve birth outcomes for mothers with an autoimmune disorder
• Rat fathers' diets may affect offspring's breast cancer risk
• Migratory birds are not a reservoir for highly pathogenic flu viruses, evidence suggests
• Visual pigment rhodopsin forms two-molecule complexes in vivo
• New theory explains how beta waves arise in the brain
• Scientists test nanoparticle drug delivery in dogs with osteosarcoma
• Climate disasters increase risk of armed conflict in multi-ethnic countries
• Changes in teenage brain structure provide clues to onset of mental health problems
• An unprecedented look at DNA damage

Cord blood outperforms matched, unrelated donor in bone marrow transplant Posted: 26 Jul 2016 07:12 PM PDT A new study finds that three years post-bone marrow transplant, the incidence of severe chronic graft-versus-host disease was 44 percent in patients who had received transplants from matched, unrelated donors (MUD) and 8 percent in patients who had received umbilical cord blood transplants (CBT).

Real-time imaging of fish gut ties bacterial competition to gut movements Posted: 26 Jul 2016 12:51 PM PDT In recent years, numerous diseases have been tied to variations in gut microbiota. The probiotics industry targets gut and intestinal health by developing products built mostly around enzyme cultures and bacteria. But a new study suggests that the underlying health and physical forces of the gut are as important as the bacteria inside in shaping communities of intestinal microbiota, and offers insights into the problems experienced by humans with a birth defect called Hirschsprung's disease.

Research tracks interplay of genes and environment on physical, educational outcomes Posted: 26 Jul 2016 11:23 AM PDT Over the course of the 20th century, genes began to play a greater role in the height and body mass index (BMI) of Americans, while their significance decreased in educational outcomes and occurrence of heart disease.

New evidence: How amino acid cysteine combats Huntington's disease Posted: 26 Jul 2016 11:22 AM PDT Researchers have reported they have identified a biochemical pathway linking oxidative stress and the amino acid cysteine in Huntington's disease.

Medicaid expansion increased Medicaid enrollment among liver transplant recipients Posted: 26 Jul 2016 11:22 AM PDT Researchers have found that Medicaid expansion increased Medicaid enrollment among people who received liver transplants funded by commercial insurance.

Genome-editing 'toolbox' targets multiple genes at once Posted: 26 Jul 2016 11:22 AM PDT Scientists have designed a system to modify, or edit, multiple genes in the genome simultaneously, while also minimizing unintended effects. The gene-editing 'toolbox' provides a user-friendly solution that scientists can apply to research on cancer and other disciplines, the researchers said.

Study in mice suggests stem cells could ward off glaucoma Posted: 26 Jul 2016 10:17 AM PDT An infusion of stem cells could help restore proper drainage for fluid-clogged eyes at risk for glaucoma, suggests a new mouse study.

Health insurance coverage is associated with lower odds of alcohol use by pregnant women Posted: 26 Jul 2016 10:17 AM PDT Researchers have studied the relationship between health insurance coverage and tobacco and alcohol use among reproductive age women in the US, and whether there were differences according to pregnancy status. The findings showed that pregnant women with insurance coverage had lower odds of alcohol use in the past month; however the odds of tobacco use were not affected. For non-pregnant women, insurance coverage resulted in higher odds of alcohol use but lower odds of using tobacco.

Nanoparticles used to break up plaque and prevent cavities Posted: 26 Jul 2016 10:16 AM PDT The bacteria that live in dental plaque and contribute to tooth decay often resist traditional antimicrobial treatment, as they can 'hide' within a sticky biofilm matrix, a glue-like polymer scaffold. A new strategy took a more sophisticated approach.

Repeated experiences of racism most damaging to mental health Posted: 26 Jul 2016 09:40 AM PDT For the first time, research reveals how harmful repeated racial discrimination can be on mental and physical health. The study looked at the accumulation of experiences of racial attacks over time including being shouted at, being physically attacked, avoiding a place, or feeling unsafe because of one's ethnicity.

Protein insights to help find heart disease cure Posted: 26 Jul 2016 09:39 AM PDT New insights into how the human genome gets through the daily grind with the help of RNA-binding proteins has been uncovered in a discovery that could ultimately lead to a cure for heart disease.

New genetics clues into motor neuron disease Posted: 26 Jul 2016 09:38 AM PDT Researchers have contributed to the discovery of three new genes which increase the risk of motor neuron disease, opening the door for targeted treatments.

Hospital data helps predict risk of pneumonia after heart surgery Posted: 26 Jul 2016 09:38 AM PDT A new risk model could help patients avoid a common post-surgical complication, reports a new article. The new preoperative risk model is designed to guide clinical decision-making and physician-patient conversations about regimens to pursue before an operation so patients can avoid pneumonia later.

Overlooked benefit of successful healthy lifestyle programs: Improved quality-of-life Posted: 26 Jul 2016 09:37 AM PDT The value of a healthy lifestyle isn't only reflected by the numbers on the scale or the blood pressure cuff. Researchers have demonstrated that it can also be measured through improved 'health-related quality-of-life.'

Major new study provides important insights for effective treatment of heart failure with pEF Posted: 26 Jul 2016 09:37 AM PDT The number of patients hospitalized with HFpEF is now comparable to those with traditional heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and is projected to exceed that of HFrEF within the next few years. Therefore, it has become even more important to characterize the typical HFpEF patient and uncover factors that influence poor outcomes. In a new report published in the American Journal of Medicine, researchers analyzed over five million hospitalizations for acute heart failure, which provided much needed insights.

Biological explanation for wheat sensitivity found Posted: 26 Jul 2016 09:36 AM PDT People with non-celiac wheat sensitivity have a weakened intestinal barrier, which leads to a systemic immune response after ingesting wheat and related cereals, new research confirms.

Cracking the mystery of Zika virus replication Posted: 26 Jul 2016 09:36 AM PDT Zika virus, it is thought, can cause microcephaly, a birth defect where a baby's head is smaller than usual. Additionally, it is associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome, a neurological disorder that could lead to paralysis and even death. However, how this microbe replicates in the infected cells remains a mystery. Now, an international team has unraveled the puzzle of how Zika virus replicates.

How animals keep their cells identical Posted: 26 Jul 2016 09:35 AM PDT A regulatory protein named ERI-1 helps ensure that all cells in a tissue remain identical to one another, a research team has discovered for the first time. The work involved an unusual collaboration between developmental biologists and linguists, with the latter contributing their expertise with machine learning software. The finding could bring biologists one step closer to understanding some cancers and other age-related diseases.

Researchers identify protein role in pathway required for Ebola replication Posted: 26 Jul 2016 09:35 AM PDT A newly identified requirement of a modified human protein in ebolavirus replication, may unlock the door for new approaches to treating Ebola.

Study links gymnastics equipment to exposure to flame-retardant chemicals Posted: 26 Jul 2016 09:34 AM PDT As the summer Olympics get underway, a new study reports that popular gymnastics training equipment contains mixtures of flame-retardant chemicals that have been linked to increased risks of ADHD, cancer and brain development delays.

Childhood illness not linked to higher adult mortality Posted: 26 Jul 2016 09:33 AM PDT Exposure to infections in early life does not have long-lasting consequences for later-life survival and reproduction, a new biological study has found.

Can a brain scan early in a period of stress predict eventual memory loss? Posted: 26 Jul 2016 09:32 AM PDT New research shows that even a brief period of stress -- as few as three days -- can cause the hippocampus to start shrinking. This shrinking of the hippocampus -- a change in the brain's structure -- actually precedes the onset of a change in behavior, namely, the loss of memory.

Elite cyclists are more resilient to mental fatigue Posted: 26 Jul 2016 09:32 AM PDT As British cyclist Chris Froome celebrates his third Tour de France victory, research shows for the first time that elite endurance athletes have superior ability to resist mental fatigue. The new finding showed that while the recreational cyclists slowed down after performing a computerized cognitive task to induce mental fatigue, the professional cyclists' time trial performance was not affected.

Survival, surgical interventions for children with rare, genetic birth disorder Posted: 26 Jul 2016 09:29 AM PDT Among children born with the chromosome disorders trisomy 13 or 18 in Ontario, Canada, early death was the most common outcome, but 10 percent to 13 percent survived for 10 years, according to a study. Among children who underwent surgical interventions, one-year survival was high.

Trends in late preterm, early term birth rates and association with clinician-initiated obstetric interventions Posted: 26 Jul 2016 09:28 AM PDT Between 2006 and 2014, late preterm and early term birth rates decreased in the United States and an association was observed between early term birth rates and decreasing clinician-initiated obstetric interventions, according to a study.

Task force maybe too stringent in not yet recommending melanoma screening Posted: 26 Jul 2016 09:28 AM PDT Two clinical experts question a USPSTF determination that there isn't enough evidence to recommend that clinicians visual screen for skin cancer, such as melanoma.

Study compares cognitive outcomes for treatments of brain lesions Posted: 26 Jul 2016 09:28 AM PDT Among patients with one to three brain metastases, the use of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone, compared with SRS combined with whole brain radiotherapy, resulted in less cognitive deterioration at three months, according to a study.

Evidence insufficient to make recommendation regarding visual skin examination by a clinician Posted: 26 Jul 2016 09:28 AM PDT The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has concluded that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of visual skin examination by a clinician to screen for skin cancer in asymptomatic adults.

Americans worried about using gene editing, brain chip implants and synthetic blood Posted: 26 Jul 2016 09:28 AM PDT Many in the general public think scientific and technological innovations bring helpful change to society, but they are more concerned than excited when it comes to the potential use of emerging technologies to make people's minds sharper, their bodies stronger and healthier than ever before, according to a new survey. A majority of Americans would be 'very' or 'somewhat' worried about gene editing (68%); brain chips (69%); and synthetic blood (63%), while no more than half say they would be enthusiastic about each of these developments. While some people say they would be both enthusiastic and worried, overall, concern outpaces excitement.

Why baby boomers need a hepatitis C screening Posted: 26 Jul 2016 06:50 AM PDT Hepatitis C affects a disproportionate amount of older Americans, born between 1945-1965. A new strategy is helping them get tested.

'Gestational Sleep Apnea': Wake Up to a New Diagnosis Posted: 26 Jul 2016 06:48 AM PDT Approximately one quarter of pregnant women may suffer from Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), the recurrent cessation or limitation of normal breathing during sleep, new research suggests. In addition to being the cause of daytime fatigue, the consequences of untreated OSA include but are not limited to high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and heart disease.

New era in global fightback against deadly antibiotic resistance Posted: 26 Jul 2016 06:47 AM PDT 2016 marks the year a 'long overdue' scientific fightback against the threat of antibiotic resistance finally gets underway.

Markers that cause toxic radiotherapy side-effects in prostate cancer identified Posted: 26 Jul 2016 06:47 AM PDT A new study has looked at the genetic information of more than 1,500 prostate cancer patients and identified two variants linked to increased risk of radiotherapy side-effects.

Height rankings revealed: Dutch men and Latvian women tallest in world Posted: 26 Jul 2016 06:44 AM PDT Dutch men and Latvian women are the tallest on the planet, according to the largest ever study of height around the world.

Severity of enzyme deficiency central to favism Posted: 26 Jul 2016 06:43 AM PDT The congenital disease favism causes sickness and even jaundice in patients after they consume beans. The culprit is a particular enzyme deficiency, which destroys the red blood cells. Scientists have now discovered that, in the event of a severe or complete enzyme deficiency, patients can also suffer from an immunodeficiency. Patients need to be treated differently depending on the severity of their deficiency.

Doping in sports and society: a growing problem Posted: 26 Jul 2016 06:42 AM PDT The use of doping has spread from elite sports to include recreational sport and the growing "fitness movement". It is now being practiced particularly by young and early middle aged people who are unhappy with their body image. Androgenic anabolic steroids seem to be most commonly used, followed by various types of stimulants.

Historical love-affair with indulgent foods Posted: 26 Jul 2016 06:41 AM PDT Our desire for indulgent meals may be over 500 years old. A new analysis of European and American paintings across five centuries shows that salt, bread, sausage, and shellfish were among the most commonly depicted foods in paintings of meals from 1500 to 2000 AD.

Streetcar tracks increase risk of bike crashes Posted: 26 Jul 2016 06:41 AM PDT One-third of bike crashes in Toronto's downtown involved the city's streetcar tracks, according to a new study that suggests that separated bike routes could reduce risk to cyclists.

Researchers unveil new data, diagnostic tool at the world's largest Alzheimer's forum Posted: 26 Jul 2016 06:41 AM PDT A new diagnostic tool that can identify Alzheimer's disease long before the onset of symptoms has been presented by researchers. They add that the tool also highlights the increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in Ontario.

Web-based technology improves pediatric ADHD care and patient outcomes Posted: 26 Jul 2016 06:41 AM PDT As cases of ADHD continue to rise among US children, pediatricians at busy community practices are getting an assist from a web-based technology to improve the quality of ADHD care and patient outcomes. A multi-institutional study reports that a new web-based software program is helping reduce ADHD behavioral symptoms in children receiving care at community pediatric practices by coordinating care and ensuring patients get the most effective ADHD medications.

Cells from same cell bank lots may have vast genetic variability Posted: 26 Jul 2016 06:41 AM PDT In a surprise finding, researchers working with breast cancer cells purchased at the same time from the same cell bank discovered that the cells responded differently to chemicals, even though the researchers had not detected any difference when they tested them for authenticity at the time of purchase.

Male hormone reverses cell aging in clinical trial Posted: 25 Jul 2016 07:40 PM PDT Sex hormones can stimulate production of telomerase, an enzyme naturally found in the human organism, new research shows. The strategy was tested in patients with genetic diseases associated with mutations in the gene that codes for this enzyme, such as aplastic anemia and pulmonary fibrosis. The authors say that the results suggest that the approach can combat the damage caused to the organism by telomerase deficiency.

Transcriptome differences in prostate cancer highlight racial disparities, vitamin D Posted: 25 Jul 2016 07:40 PM PDT Investigators report clinical research showing that African-American and European-American men with prostate cancer exhibit significantly different expression of genes associated with immune response and inflammation. Systems-level, RNA analyses support the concept that inflammatory processes may contribute to racial disparities in disease progression and that vitamin D3 supplementation can modulate pro-inflammatory transcripts.

Common diabetes drug may help prevent preterm birth Posted: 25 Jul 2016 07:39 PM PDT Metformin, a medication routinely used by millions of people with type 2 diabetes, may also play an unexpected role in blocking a significant cause of preterm birth, report researchers.

National survey says many, not all, open to doctors talking about guns Posted: 25 Jul 2016 07:38 PM PDT In perhaps the first national survey of its kind, two-thirds of people sampled said it is at least sometimes appropriate for health care providers to talk to patients about firearms. The remainder said it is never appropriate.

Novel statistical method captures long-term health burden of pediatric cancer cures Posted: 25 Jul 2016 07:38 PM PDT Researchers have developed a metric that showed therapy-related cardiovascular disease takes a heavier toll on pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma survivors than previously recognized.

1 in 3 overweight and 1 in 7 obese in north east China (Jilin Province) Posted: 25 Jul 2016 07:38 PM PDT One in three people is overweight and one in seven is obese in Jilin Province, north east China, finds a new large study. China is the largest developing country, with the largest population, in the world. Its rapid economic growth has spawned changes in dietary habits and lifestyle that are associated with growing levels of overweight/obesity in developed nations.

BRCA1 mutations in breast, ovarian cancer can predict treatment resistance Posted: 25 Jul 2016 07:38 PM PDT Two new studied have investigated the mechanisms underlying the treatment resistance associated with some BRCA1 mutations, and the findings provide information that may help predict which treatments will be effective in women with breast and ovarian cancer.

Statins improve birth outcomes for mothers with an autoimmune disorder Posted: 25 Jul 2016 07:38 PM PDT A new statin treatment shows promise for reducing premature births and increasing babies' chances of survival for mothers with an autoimmune disease. The small preliminary study of 21 women found that all babies of mothers treated with statins survived compared with the standard treatment group; maternal health also improved after treatment with statins.

Rat fathers' diets may affect offspring's breast cancer risk Posted: 25 Jul 2016 07:38 PM PDT The dietary habits of rat fathers may affect their daughters' breast cancer risk, a study in 60 male rats and their offspring has found. The female offspring of male rats that had been fed a diet rich in animal fats had an increased risk of breast cancer, report the researchers. A diet that was rich in vegetable fats reduced the offspring's risk of breast cancer.

Migratory birds are not a reservoir for highly pathogenic flu viruses, evidence suggests Posted: 25 Jul 2016 04:24 PM PDT The H5 avian influenza A virus that devastated North American poultry farms in 2014-15 was initially spread by migratory waterfowl, but evidence suggests such highly pathogenic flu viruses do not persist in wild birds.

Visual pigment rhodopsin forms two-molecule complexes in vivo Posted: 25 Jul 2016 04:23 PM PDT For the first time, researchers have demonstrated the most likely configuration of rhodopsin in a living organism, and hope this discovery will help develop future therapies for retinitis pigmentosa, a degenerative eye disease for which there is no known cure.

New theory explains how beta waves arise in the brain Posted: 25 Jul 2016 04:23 PM PDT A team of neuroscientists proposes a new theory -- backed by data from people, animal models and computational simulation -- to explain how beta waves emerge in the brain.

Scientists test nanoparticle drug delivery in dogs with osteosarcoma Posted: 25 Jul 2016 04:23 PM PDT An engineer teamed up with a veterinarian to test a bone cancer drug delivery system in animals bigger than the standard animal model, the mouse. They chose dogs -- mammals closer in size and biology to humans -- with naturally occurring bone cancers, which also are a lot like human bone tumors.

Climate disasters increase risk of armed conflict in multi-ethnic countries Posted: 25 Jul 2016 04:23 PM PDT Climate disasters like heat-waves or droughts enhance the risk of armed conflicts in countries with high ethnic diversity, scientists found. They used a novel statistical approach to analyze data from the past three decades. While each conflict is certainly the result of a complex and specific mix of factors, it turns out that the outbreak of violence in ethnically fractionalized countries is often linked to natural disasters that may fuel smoldering social tensions.

Changes in teenage brain structure provide clues to onset of mental health problems Posted: 25 Jul 2016 04:23 PM PDT Scientists have mapped the structural changes that occur in teenagers' brains as they develop, showing how these changes may help explain why the first signs of mental health problems often arise during late adolescence.

An unprecedented look at DNA damage Posted: 25 Jul 2016 04:23 PM PDT Researchers have mapped the damage of ultraviolet radiation on individual units of DNA, opening a new avenue in the search for how sunlight causes skin cancer and what might be done to prevent it.

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