ScienceDaily: Top News

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• How to (better) model beam transport
• No identity: One in five Aboriginal births unregistered in western Australia
• Advanced colorectal cancer: Anti-interleukin-1 alpha antibody MABp1 improves outcomes significantly over placebo
• Trauma induces more alcohol craving than stress among veterans with PTSD and co-occurring alcohol dependence
• Researchers identify human fingerprint on Indo-Pacific warm pool growth
• Dividing T cells: A potential target for improving cancer immunotherapy
• Decoding the complete genome of the Mediterranean's most emblematic tree: The olive
• Fetal surgery stands to advance from new glues inspired by mussels
• Reasons for delays in early autism diagnoses in Australia
• New anti-cancer strategy mobilizes both innate and adaptive immune response
• High-pressure generator using a superconducting diamond developed
• Analysis of anatomy and diet finds evolution follows least resistant path
• Natural metabolite can suppress inflammation

How to (better) model beam transport Posted: 03 Jul 2016 08:57 AM PDT Electrically charged wire meshes are used throughout science and engineering to guide, focus and analyse charged particles and may be found in areas as diverse as unmanned satellite propulsion systems, mass spectrometers and particle accelerators. Understanding particle motion is a necessity to optimise the performance of devices such as these. Experts have carried out extensive studies into mesh based systems to improve the understanding of the dynamics of charged particles which pass through them.

No identity: One in five Aboriginal births unregistered in western Australia Posted: 03 Jul 2016 08:57 AM PDT Nearly one in five Aboriginal children aged less than 16 years old in Western Australia had unregistered births according to new research that means thousands of Aboriginal children are likely to have no official identity.

Advanced colorectal cancer: Anti-interleukin-1 alpha antibody MABp1 improves outcomes significantly over placebo Posted: 02 Jul 2016 11:44 AM PDT A novel anti-interleukin 1-alpha antibody has shown a significant impact on symptoms, and a high level of safety and tolerability in patients with advanced colorectal cancer, according to phase III data.

Trauma induces more alcohol craving than stress among veterans with PTSD and co-occurring alcohol dependence Posted: 01 Jul 2016 03:34 PM PDT Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol dependence (AD) are two of the most common and debilitating disorders diagnosed among American military veterans. AD and PTSD often occur together, and this co-occurrence has a worse prognosis than either disorder alone. Alcohol craving is related to relapse, but the relationship between PTSD symptoms, craving, and relapse is not well understood. This study is the first to explore the effects of trauma-induced and stress-induced imagery on alcohol craving, affect, and cardiovascular and cortisol responses in a laboratory setting.

Researchers identify human fingerprint on Indo-Pacific warm pool growth Posted: 01 Jul 2016 03:32 PM PDT Scientists have provided the first quantitative attribution of the Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) warming and its expansion over the course of the past 60 years, examining human influences and natural contributions.

Dividing T cells: A potential target for improving cancer immunotherapy Posted: 01 Jul 2016 11:23 AM PDT When an immune T cell divides into two daughter cells, the activity of an enzyme called mTORC1, which controls protein production, splits unevenly between the progeny, producing two cells with different properties. Such 'asymmetric division,' uncovered by researchers using lab-grown cells and specially bred mice, could offer new ways to enhance cancer immunotherapy and may have other implications for studying how stem cells differentiate.

Decoding the complete genome of the Mediterranean's most emblematic tree: The olive Posted: 01 Jul 2016 11:23 AM PDT A team of scientists from three Spanish centers has sequenced, for the first time ever, the complete genome of the olive tree. This work will facilitate genetic improvement for production of olives and olive oil, two key products in the Spanish economy and diet. The specimen sequenced is an olive tree of the Farga variety, one of the most widespread in eastern Spain, and over 1,300 years old.

Fetal surgery stands to advance from new glues inspired by mussels Posted: 01 Jul 2016 09:05 AM PDT Bioengineers are making better glues for medical procedures inside the body, a wet environment, applying what he and others before him have learned about underwater superglue-making techniques that have been developed and elaborated upon through eons of evolution by mussels, a brainless bivalve.

Reasons for delays in early autism diagnoses in Australia Posted: 01 Jul 2016 09:03 AM PDT A new study has found many Australian children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may not be diagnosed until long after initial signs appear, prompting calls for improvements to the diagnostic process.

New anti-cancer strategy mobilizes both innate and adaptive immune response Posted: 01 Jul 2016 06:39 AM PDT Scientists have developed a new vaccine that involves injecting cells that have been modified so that they can stimulate both an innate immune response and the more specific adaptive response, which allows the body to keep memories and attack new tumor cells as they form.

High-pressure generator using a superconducting diamond developed Posted: 30 Jun 2016 03:02 PM PDT Researchers have developed a new diamond anvil cell by micro-fabricating a superconducting diamond, which conducts electricity like metal and serves as electrodes, on the world's hardest and chip-proof-nano-polycrystalline diamond.

Analysis of anatomy and diet finds evolution follows least resistant path Posted: 30 Jun 2016 01:38 PM PDT Evolution follows the path of least resistance, which can result in suboptimal physical traits that don't ideally match the functional need, according to a new analysis.

Natural metabolite can suppress inflammation Posted: 30 Jun 2016 12:53 PM PDT An international research team has revealed a substance produced in humans that can suppress the pro-inflammatory activity of macrophages -- specific immune cells. The substance known as itaconate is released in large quantities by macrophages themselves and according to the scientists, acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. These properties make itaconate promising for the treatment of such pathologies as cardiac ischemia, metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases which may be associated with excessive inflammation or oxidative stress.

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