ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Study investigates whether it is safe for GPs to prescribe fewer antibiotics
• Dishonesty is aggressively punished in the world of paper wasps
• Seeing RNA at the nanoscale
• New technique helps link complex mouse behaviors to genes that influence them
• Immune-based therapy in mice shows promise against pancreatic cancer
• Researchers reveal dominant player in human T helper cell maturation
• Discovery could dramatically boost efficiency of perovskite solar cells
• Study shows how genes affect immunity in response to pathogens
• Researchers reveal new therapeutic avenue in the fight against cancer
• HPV vaccine reduced cervical abnormalities in young women
• New screening tool to help physicians tell if a fainting episode heralds something serious
• Expanding Antarctic sea ice linked to natural variability
• Rechargeable batteries that last longer and re-charge more rapidly
• Dancing neurons
• New research to prevent blindness
• A giant impact: Solving the mystery of how Mars' moons formed
• Mitochondrial DNA levels as a marker of embryo viability in IVF
• Still no strong evidence that adjunctive treatment with human growth hormone in IVF improves results
• How lifestyle intervention for weight loss affects birth rates in women with a high BMI
• From climate killer to fuels and polymers
• Robotic rectum may aid prostate cancer diagnosis
• Sustainable Chemistry students solve decades-old oxidation puzzle
• Many elderly are prescribed antihypertensive medication despite already having low blood pressure
• Greener method of carbon capture using waste biomass
• Does home comfort promote complacency?
• New insights for personalized cancer treatment
• Fine-tuning prosthetics for cyclists
• Rapid test identifies disease pathogens
• New probiotic identified in fermented Japanese vegetable: Enzyme improves colon health in rats
• Formation of the browning pigment melanin decoded
• New study confirms that migration leads to larger wings in monarch butterfly populations
• Alma finds a swirling, cool jet that reveals a growing, supermassive black hole
• Endometrial scratch appears beneficial in couples trying to conceive
• Children growing up in solo mother families are well adjusted and developing well
• Be wary of knotweed advice on the web, researchers warn
• Urban hedgehogs are more at home in the city than you thought
• Electronic nose smells pesticides, nerve gas
• Three in four women starting fertility treatment will have a baby within five years
• Teaching drones about the birds and the bees
• Scamming Nemo: How cleaning fish are the 'con-men' of the coral reef
• Genetically engineered mice suggest new model for how Alzheimer's causes dementia

Study investigates whether it is safe for GPs to prescribe fewer antibiotics Posted: 04 Jul 2016 07:34 PM PDT A new study has found that reducing antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections -- such as coughs, colds, sore throats and ear infections -- is not linked to an increase in the most serious bacterial complications, such as bacterial meningitis. The study investigated whether reducing antibiotic prescribing for people attending their GP with respiratory tract infections could have an effect on safety.

Dishonesty is aggressively punished in the world of paper wasps Posted: 04 Jul 2016 12:38 PM PDT Is honesty really the best policy? Isn't it more beneficial to cheat, if you can get away with it? Not if you're a paper wasp, shows new research.

Seeing RNA at the nanoscale Posted: 04 Jul 2016 11:57 AM PDT A technique known as expansion microscopy has been adapted to visualize RNA molecules at high resolution in tissue samples. They have also made the technique easier to use, with off-the-shelf components.

New technique helps link complex mouse behaviors to genes that influence them Posted: 04 Jul 2016 11:57 AM PDT Mice are one of the most commonly used laboratory organisms, widely used to study everything from autism to infectious diseases. Yet genomic studies in mice have lagged behind those in humans. In a study, researchers used 1,200 outbred mice, which are more similar to a natural population, to test a new cost-effective technique to search for specific genes linked with 66 different physical and behavioral traits.

Immune-based therapy in mice shows promise against pancreatic cancer Posted: 04 Jul 2016 11:57 AM PDT While immune therapy has proven effective in treating certain types of cancer, especially lung cancer and melanoma, tumors of the pancreas remain among the most difficult to treat and, so far, are impervious to immune-based therapies. Now, a new study in mice has shown that immunotherapy against pancreatic cancer can be effective when given in conjunction with drugs that break up the fibrous tissue in these tumors.

Researchers reveal dominant player in human T helper cell maturation Posted: 04 Jul 2016 11:57 AM PDT A powerful arm of the immune system is production of antibodies that circulate through the blood and neutralize invading pathogens. Although B cells actually manufacture antibody proteins, the process is aided by neighboring T cells, which shower B cells with cytokines to make them churn out high-quality antibody proteins -- and remember how to do so. Given the essential function of 'helper' T cells, researchers have long sought to define biological signals that encourage their development.

Discovery could dramatically boost efficiency of perovskite solar cells Posted: 04 Jul 2016 11:57 AM PDT Scientists have discovered a possible secret to dramatically boosting the efficiency of perovskite solar cells hidden in the nanoscale peaks and valleys of the crystalline material.

Study shows how genes affect immunity in response to pathogens Posted: 04 Jul 2016 11:57 AM PDT A study that is first of its kind has looked at how far genetic factors control the immune cell response to pathogens in healthy individuals. A team investigated the response of immune cells from 200 healthy volunteers when stimulated with a comprehensive list of pathogens ex vivo, and has correlated these responses with 4 million genetic variants.

Researchers reveal new therapeutic avenue in the fight against cancer Posted: 04 Jul 2016 11:57 AM PDT A team of researchers has identified NEAT1, a non-coding RNA, as a potential therapeutic target in the fight against cancer. Researchers have shown that NEAT1 plays an important role in the survival of highly dividing cells -- and in particular of cancer cells. These findings can help develop new drugs that target NEAT1, in order to kill cancer cells more effectively.

HPV vaccine reduced cervical abnormalities in young women Posted: 04 Jul 2016 11:57 AM PDT Young women who received the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine through a school-based program had fewer cervical cell anomalies when screened for cervical cancer, found a new Canadian study.

New screening tool to help physicians tell if a fainting episode heralds something serious Posted: 04 Jul 2016 11:57 AM PDT A simple nine-question tool could help emergency physicians uncover the sometimes dangerous hidden conditions that cause some people to faint, according to a new study.

Expanding Antarctic sea ice linked to natural variability Posted: 04 Jul 2016 11:54 AM PDT The recent trend of increasing Antarctic sea ice extent -- seemingly at odds with climate model projections -- can largely be explained by a natural climate fluctuation, according to a new study.

Rechargeable batteries that last longer and re-charge more rapidly Posted: 04 Jul 2016 11:42 AM PDT Materials researchers have developed a very simple and cost-effective procedure for significantly enhancing the performance of conventional Li-ion rechargeable batteries. The procedure is scalable in size, so the use of rechargeable batteries will be optimized in all areas of application-whether in wristwatches, smartphones, laptops or cars, explain scientists. Battery storage capacity will be significantly extended, and charging times reduced, they say.

Dancing neurons Posted: 04 Jul 2016 11:42 AM PDT Scientists have shown how synaptic connections in the brain force nerve cells to coordinate their work.

New research to prevent blindness Posted: 04 Jul 2016 11:42 AM PDT A researcher has been awarded a new award that enables the scientist to expand the field of stem cell-based tissue engineering applications in the eye.

A giant impact: Solving the mystery of how Mars' moons formed Posted: 04 Jul 2016 11:42 AM PDT Where did the two natural satellites of Mars, Phobos and Deimos, come from? For a long time, their shape suggested that they were asteroids captured by Mars. However, the shape and course of their orbits contradict this hypothesis. Two independent and complementary studies provide an answer to this question. One of these studies rules out the capture of asteroids, and shows that the only scenario compatible with the surface properties of Phobos and Deimos is that of a giant collision. In the second study, researchers used cutting-edge digital simulations to show how these satellites were able to form from the debris of a gigantic collision between Mars and a protoplanet one-third its size.

Mitochondrial DNA levels as a marker of embryo viability in IVF Posted: 04 Jul 2016 07:11 AM PDT Despite the claims and counter-claims for new embryo assessment techniques introduced over the past two decades, the search for the holy grail of assisted reproduction -- the key to the embryo destined to implant -- continues. Genetic screening techniques so far have relied largely on the assessment of one component of the embryo's genetic constitution, the number of chromosomes in its cells.

Still no strong evidence that adjunctive treatment with human growth hormone in IVF improves results Posted: 04 Jul 2016 07:11 AM PDT Despite its occasional use as an adjunct in IVF, human growth hormone appears of little benefit to women having difficulty conceiving. Indeed, in an Australian/New Zealand collaborative placebo-controlled randomised trial, live birth rates were no better in poor-responding patients (under the age of 41) given growth hormone as a supplement than in those given placebo.

How lifestyle intervention for weight loss affects birth rates in women with a high BMI Posted: 04 Jul 2016 07:11 AM PDT Women who are overweight or obese pose an ongoing challenge for the fertility clinic. Many studies show that these patients are at increased risk of infertility and are less likely than normal-weight women to conceive after fertility treatment.

From climate killer to fuels and polymers Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:30 AM PDT Researchers have discovered a catalyst that performs highly selective conversion of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide into ethylene – an important source material for the chemical industry. A new article describes how plasma-treated copper can be used for this purpose.

Robotic rectum may aid prostate cancer diagnosis Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:30 AM PDT A robotic rectum may help doctors and nurses detect prostate cancer. The technology, which consists of prosthetic buttocks and rectum with in-built robotic technology.

Sustainable Chemistry students solve decades-old oxidation puzzle Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:29 AM PDT A group of students has designed a new catalyst that can render important chemical processes more sustainable. Their catalyst can create selective peroxide-like reagents literally from thin air and uses those to oxidize alcohols to carbonyl compounds in a dual-action mechanism.

Many elderly are prescribed antihypertensive medication despite already having low blood pressure Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:29 AM PDT A significant proportion of patients over 70 remain on antihypertensive medication despite having low blood pressure, new research reveals. This, the study argues, has a significant effect on increased mortality rates and admissions to hospital.

Greener method of carbon capture using waste biomass Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:29 AM PDT Scientists have developed an innovative new green method of capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from power stations, chemical and other large scale manufacturing plants. Starbons, made from waste biomass including food peelings and seaweed, were discovered and first reported 10 years ago. Using these renewable materials provides a greener, more efficient and selective approach than other commercial systems of reducing emissions.

Does home comfort promote complacency? Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:29 AM PDT Youth who experienced high parental warmth and support are less civically engaged in young adulthood -- in comparison to their peers who received less parental affection. The surprising finding challenges the widely held belief that positive parenting leads to positive outcomes for children and youth in virtually all life domains.

New insights for personalized cancer treatment Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:28 AM PDT Doctors increasingly work with large quantities of digitized patient data – and yet the insights it contains often remain unexploited. Researchers have now developed a software program that allows doctors to extract information from multiple patient files to quickly obtain new pointers for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Fine-tuning prosthetics for cyclists Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:28 AM PDT Disabled cyclists will be among those competing at the Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro in September 2016. Ensuring top performance calls for prosthetics of superior design, but tailoring them to handle the combination of movements cyclists make has always been a problem. Now, in a new movement lab, a test prosthesis is helping to quickly and precisely optimize these artificial limbs.

Rapid test identifies disease pathogens Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:28 AM PDT At present, bacteria, fungi or viruses can generally only be detected with certainty by way of elaborate laboratory tests or animal experiments. The food and pharmaceutical industries would like to have faster tests to check their products. Researchers are now developing a stick that works like a pregnancy test and quickly delivers a result. In the future, it is also to be used for detecting allergens and disease pathogens in the blood.

New probiotic identified in fermented Japanese vegetable: Enzyme improves colon health in rats Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:28 AM PDT An enzyme produced by fermenting a vegetable common in Japanese cuisine may be responsible for increasing the amount of at least one beneficial bacterium associated with healthy colons in a study using rats.

Formation of the browning pigment melanin decoded Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:28 AM PDT Researchers have uncovered the molecular mechanism behind the synthesis of melanin using a technique involving mutation of the relevant enzyme tyrosinase.

New study confirms that migration leads to larger wings in monarch butterfly populations Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:28 AM PDT How does migration boosts the size of monarch butterflies? This was the question scientists asked in their recent study, which found that in fact migration can increase the size of wings in these butterflies.

Alma finds a swirling, cool jet that reveals a growing, supermassive black hole Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:28 AM PDT Astronomers have made the surprising discovery of a jet of cool, dense gas in the center of a galaxy located 70 million light years from Earth. The jet, with its unusual, swirling structure, gives new clues to a long-standing astronomical mystery -- how supermassive black holes grow.

Endometrial scratch appears beneficial in couples trying to conceive Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:27 AM PDT There is a much disputed claim that 'injury' to the lining of the uterus -- whether inadvertent or deliberate -- increases the chance of embryo implantation and thus the chance of pregnancy in certain groups of women having IVF.

Children growing up in solo mother families are well adjusted and developing well Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:27 AM PDT The number of children born to single women is increasing, partly as a result of social and legislative changes (in most jurisdictions) in the rights to parenthood. While technology has been readily able to meet this rising demand through donor insemination and even IVF, little is known about how children think, feel and fare growing up in the families formed by single women.

Be wary of knotweed advice on the web, researchers warn Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:27 AM PDT Gardeners turning to the Internet for advice about Japanese knotweed are likely to find a wide range of sometimes contradictory and potentially misleading advice that could put them on the wrong side of the law, scientists have found.

Urban hedgehogs are more at home in the city than you thought Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:27 AM PDT A species that is 15 million years old, hedgehogs have survived all kinds of environmental changes over the years, including urbanization. Surprisingly, cities have often been found to have higher hedgehog populations than rural areas. Understanding why this is could help us to protect them in the future.

Electronic nose smells pesticides, nerve gas Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:27 AM PDT To improve the detection of pesticides and nerve gas in very low concentrations, an international team of researchers has built a very sensitive electronic nose with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).

Three in four women starting fertility treatment will have a baby within five years Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:27 AM PDT Three in four women starting fertility treatment will have a baby within five years, whether as a result of the treatment or following natural conception. The figures emerged from a large cohort study analysing the birth records of almost 20,000 women having fertility treatment in Denmark between 2007 and 2010. The majority of these women (57%) had their baby as a result of the treatment, but a significant proportion (14%) conceived spontaneously without treatment. More than half (57%) gave birth within two years.

Teaching drones about the birds and the bees Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:27 AM PDT Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) of the future will be able to visually coordinate their flight and navigation just like birds and flying insects do, without needing human input, radar or even GPS satellite navigation.

Scamming Nemo: How cleaning fish are the 'con-men' of the coral reef Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:26 AM PDT Cleaner wrasse perform a cleaning service for coral reef fish -- namely eating parasites off their customer's skin. However, what the females of some species actually want is to lure in clients and 'cheat' them by biting off some tasty mucus before escaping.

Genetically engineered mice suggest new model for how Alzheimer's causes dementia Posted: 04 Jul 2016 05:26 AM PDT Using a novel, newly developed mouse model that mimics the development of Alzheimer's disease in humans, researchers say they have been able to determine that a one-two punch of major biological 'insults' must occur in the brain to cause the dementia that is the hallmark of the disease.

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