ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Osteoblastic metastases distinguished from enostoses using CT attenuation measurements
• Uncovering a new pathway to halting metastasis
• Nivolumab in advanced lung cancer: Indication of major added benefit
• Brivaracetam in epilepsy: Added benefit still not proven
• Emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in HIV infection: Added benefit not proven
• Postoperative telephone clinic can be used in lieu of in-person care for some patients
• Ramucirumab in stomach cancer: Added benefit not proven
• Afatinib in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: Added benefit not proven
• New report presents bundled payment model for breast cancer screening
• Unexplained developmental disorder linked to gene involved in essential cellular processes
• Greater intake of dietary omega-3 fatty acids associated with lower risk of diabetic retinopathy
• Zika infection may affect adult brain cells
• How mutations disrupt ALS-linked protein
• Diabetes drug may also offer vascular protection
• How cancer cells protect chromosomes from decay
• Innovative device simulates cataract replacement experience
• Study highlights importance of regular lung cancer screenings for those at high risk
• Female forensic scientists more stressed than males
• Common cold viruses originated in camels, just like MERS
• Polyunsaturated fat in adipose tissue linked to lower mortality
• Face changing tech showing sun damage is most effective at promoting sun safe behavior
• Urbanization affects diets of butterflies
• Not all tumor cells are equal
• Study identifies how Zika virus infects the placenta
• Concussion rates rising significantly in adolescents
• Natural compound from a deep-water marine sponge found to reduce pancreatic tumor size
• New research sheds light on the real experience of calling the GP surgery
• Study to explore the scale of physical activity, nutritional health messaging at major sporting events
• Scientists find potential treatment for 'painful blindness' form of dry eye
• First study to explore language and LSD since the 1960s: New study shows LSD's effects on language
• Olympic stomach upsets: Leaky gut symdrome?
• Unhealthy diet during pregnancy could be linked to ADHD
• Gene associated with age-related hearing loss
• Acetaminophen does not aggravate children's asthma
• Study links two genes to breast cancer survival
• Genetic tests for potentially fatal heart anomaly can misdiagnose condition in black Americans
• Of mice and muscles: How do athletes endure their grueling runs, swims, and rides?
• The battle against aedes aegypti, the mosquito that spreads Zika
• Anemic adults may have a higher risk of death after stroke
• Calcium supplements linked to dementia risk in women with certain health conditions
• Lab team spins ginger into nanoparticles to heal inflammatory bowel disease
• New mechanism discovered for Alzheimer's risk gene
• Personalized wearable tech can help adults diagnosed with autism manage anxiety
• Normalizing tumor oxygen supply could be key factor in the fight against cancer
• Can't stand the heat? Study reveals how we figure out if we're too hot
• Survey shows broad support for national precision medicine study
• Unveiled: Earth's viral diversity
• Safer opioid painkiller made from scratch
• New techniques boost understanding of how fish fins became fingers
• Steroid treatments with fewer side effects?
• Twitter shows promise in rapid assessment of collective traumas' local impact
• Isotope research opens new possibilities for cancer treatment
• Scientists discover possible new weapon in the fight against gum disease
• Researchers shed light on vascular growth factors in thyroid eye disease
• Life expectancy in some CKD patients could be improved with nephron-sparing treatment
• Free sports physicals reveal high rates of obesity in student athletes

Osteoblastic metastases distinguished from enostoses using CT attenuation measurements Posted: 18 Aug 2016 11:18 AM PDT CT attenuation measurements can be used to distinguish untreated osteoblastic (bone-related) metastases from enostoses (benign bone lesions), a team of researchers has found.

Uncovering a new pathway to halting metastasis Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:28 AM PDT New research could lead to new therapies to treat patients who suffer from metastatic disease, report scientists. Metastasis, the process by which cancer cells leave the primary tumor and spread to other sites in the body, is responsible for more than 90 percent of cancer deaths.

Nivolumab in advanced lung cancer: Indication of major added benefit Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:15 AM PDT Patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC who have already undergone chemotherapy survive longer with the drug Nivolumab than with docetaxel.

Brivaracetam in epilepsy: Added benefit still not proven Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:15 AM PDT An indirect comparison between lacosamide and Brivaracetam for epilepsy treatment is methodologically better and covers more outcomes than the previous indirect comparisons. However, an added benefit still cannot be derived, say investigators.

Emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in HIV infection: Added benefit not proven Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:15 AM PDT When investigators reviewed Emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in HIV infection, they found that partly no data were available, and partly the appropriate comparator therapy was not adhered to. The risk of nervous system disorders was increased for one patient group, they conclude.

Postoperative telephone clinic can be used in lieu of in-person care for some patients Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:15 AM PDT Implementation of a telephone postoperative clinic at a Veterans Affairs facility significantly improved utilization of surgeon and facility resources while maintaining satisfactory patient outcomes, according to study results.

Ramucirumab in stomach cancer: Added benefit not proven Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:15 AM PDT Two studies submitted were unsuitable for the assessment of an added benefit because they did not meet the specifications on the comparator therapy and on the target population.

Afatinib in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: Added benefit not proven Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:15 AM PDT Considering Afatinib in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, neither the direct nor the indirect comparison conducted by the drug manufacturer allows conclusions on advantages or disadvantages in comparison with the appropriate comparator therapy.

New report presents bundled payment model for breast cancer screening Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:11 AM PDT Mammography may present an opportunity for the expanded use of bundled payments in radiology, suggests new research. The study reports that breast cancer screening provides a framework for radiologist-led bundled payment models, and can be implemented with different services included in the bundle depending upon a practice's specific patient panel.

Unexplained developmental disorder linked to gene involved in essential cellular processes Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:11 AM PDT A neurodevelopmental disorder for which there was no known cause has been linked to SON, a gene that is involved in essential mechanisms a cell uses to translate DNA into protein, as well as in DNA replication and cell division, reports a multidisciplinary, international team of researchers from 10 institutions.

Greater intake of dietary omega-3 fatty acids associated with lower risk of diabetic retinopathy Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:11 AM PDT In middle-aged and older individuals with type 2 diabetes, intake of at least 500 mg/d of dietary long-chain ?-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, easily achievable with two weekly servings of oily fish, was associated with a decreased risk of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy, according to a study.

Zika infection may affect adult brain cells Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:11 AM PDT A new study shows for the first time that the Zika virus can infect the mouse adult brain in regions that are vital to learning and memory. The researchers observed that infection correlated with evidence of cell death and reduced generation of new neurons. The findings suggest that the virus could have more subtle effects than have been recognized, perhaps contributing to such conditions as long-term memory loss or depression.

How mutations disrupt ALS-linked protein Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:11 AM PDT Structural biologists provide a new explanation for how ALS-associated genetic flaws interfere with the proper function and behavior of the protein TDP-43.

Diabetes drug may also offer vascular protection Posted: 18 Aug 2016 08:14 AM PDT Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with vascular stiffening and the development of cardiovascular disease. Obese and diabetic premenopausal women are most at risk -- even more than men of the same age who have similar health issues. A study found that a diabetes medication offered protection against arterial stiffness in overweight female mice, a finding that may have future implications for disease prevention in humans.

How cancer cells protect chromosomes from decay Posted: 18 Aug 2016 08:14 AM PDT Scientists have used CRISPR gene editing technology and live cell, single molecule microscopy to watch in real-time, for the first time, the essential interaction between telomerase and telomeres.

Innovative device simulates cataract replacement experience Posted: 18 Aug 2016 08:14 AM PDT A vision simulator works to help patients test artificial lens designs prior to implantation in the eye.

Study highlights importance of regular lung cancer screenings for those at high risk Posted: 18 Aug 2016 08:14 AM PDT A new study has found patients who tested negative for lung cancer by a detailed X-ray screening called low-dose helical computed tomography but later went on to develop lung cancer within the following two years had poorer outcomes than patients who initially had a non-cancerous positive LDCT screen.

Female forensic scientists more stressed than males Posted: 18 Aug 2016 07:26 AM PDT Women may be at the forefront of the fast-growing forensic science field, but they're also more stressed than their male counterparts, indicates new research.

Common cold viruses originated in camels, just like MERS Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:34 AM PDT There are four globally endemic human coronaviruses which, together with the better known rhinoviruses, are responsible for causing common colds. Usually, infections with these viruses are harmless to humans. Researchers have now found the source of 'HCoV-229E,' one of the four common cold coronaviruses, to have originated in camels, just like the dreaded MERS virus.

Polyunsaturated fat in adipose tissue linked to lower mortality Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:34 AM PDT The fatty acid linoleic acid (Omega 6) in subcutaneous adipose tissue was linked to lower mortality among older men followed over a 15-year period.

Face changing tech showing sun damage is most effective at promoting sun safe behavior Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:33 AM PDT Researchers examined the way sun safe messages are conveyed to young women, and found that visual communication using technology to age participant's faces to emphasis sun damage and premature aging is most effective.

Urbanization affects diets of butterflies Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:33 AM PDT Researchers have revealed that most tropical butterflies feed on a variety of flower types, but those that are 'picky' about their flower diets tend to prefer native plants and are more dependent on forests. These 'picky' butterflies also have wings that are more conspicuous and shorter proboscis.

Not all tumor cells are equal Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:33 AM PDT Scientists have found that colorectal tumors present epigenetic heterogeneity relates to the clinical course of the disease. This heterogeneity can be used as a predictive biomarker.

Study identifies how Zika virus infects the placenta Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:33 AM PDT In a new study, researchers demonstrate Zika virus infection of cells derived from human placentas. The research provides insight into how Zika virus may be transmitted from expectant mother to fetus, resulting in infection of the fetal brain.

Concussion rates rising significantly in adolescents Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:06 AM PDT The number of Americans diagnosed with concussions is growing, most significantly in adolescents, according to researchers. They recommend that adolescents be prioritized for ongoing work in concussion education, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

Natural compound from a deep-water marine sponge found to reduce pancreatic tumor size Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:05 AM PDT A deep-water marine sponge collected off of Fort Lauderdale's coast contains leiodermatolide, a natural product that has the ability to inhibit the growth of cancer cells as well as block cancer cells from dividing using extremely low concentrations of the compound, report scientists.

New research sheds light on the real experience of calling the GP surgery Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:01 AM PDT A new study has examined, for the first time, how receptionists interact with patients over the telephone. The pioneering has revealed how patients have to 'push' for effective service.

Study to explore the scale of physical activity, nutritional health messaging at major sporting events Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:01 AM PDT An international consortium is examining how physical activity and nutritional health messages are promoted in the run up to and during large-scale sporting events.

Scientists find potential treatment for 'painful blindness' form of dry eye Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:00 AM PDT The eye's lacrimal gland is small but mighty. This gland produces moisture needed to heal eye injuries and clear out harmful dust, bacteria and other invaders. The eye's lacrimal glands can be repaired by injecting a kind of regenerative "progenitor" cell, a new study in animal models suggests.

First study to explore language and LSD since the 1960s: New study shows LSD's effects on language Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:00 AM PDT The consumption of LSD, short for lysergic acid diethylamide, can produce altered states of consciousness. This can lead to a loss of boundaries between the self and the environment, as might occur in certain psychiatric illnesses. Now a team of researchers studies how this psychedelic substance works in the brain.

Olympic stomach upsets: Leaky gut symdrome? Posted: 18 Aug 2016 05:58 AM PDT A number of competitors at the Rio Olympics have reported stomach problems. Team GB officials have denied that athletes have fallen victim to food poisoning at the Olympic athletes' village in Rio, despite a number complaining of upset stomachs. A gastro-intestinal expert suggests that the culprit may, in some cases, be 'leaky gut' syndrome.

Unhealthy diet during pregnancy could be linked to ADHD Posted: 18 Aug 2016 05:58 AM PDT A high-fat, high-sugar diet during pregnancy may be linked to symptoms of ADHD in children who show conduct problems early in life, new research indicates.

Gene associated with age-related hearing loss Posted: 18 Aug 2016 05:58 AM PDT A large screening program has identified several genes associated with age-related conditions including hearing loss, retinal degeneration and osteoarthritis. The animal study may lead to studies of the equivalent human gene and help develop screening programs to identify the risk of developing an age-related condition many years before symptoms appear.

Acetaminophen does not aggravate children's asthma Posted: 17 Aug 2016 03:53 PM PDT Contrary to earlier reports, giving acetaminophen (Tylenol, etc.) for pain and fever does not worsen asthma in young children with the condition, concludes a randomized trial.

Study links two genes to breast cancer survival Posted: 17 Aug 2016 03:53 PM PDT Testing for the activity of two genes could pick out women who are at increased risk of dying from their breast cancers, suggests a new study of almost 2,000 patients.

Genetic tests for potentially fatal heart anomaly can misdiagnose condition in black Americans Posted: 17 Aug 2016 03:53 PM PDT Researchers trace the roots of this diagnostic disparity to the lack of racial diversity in decades-old studies that misidentified benign genetic variants as disease causing. Benign variants on genes implicated in the disease are far more common in black Americans than in white Americans. The findings underscore a pressing need to reevaluate decades-old genetic studies by using new racially diverse sequencing data.

Of mice and muscles: How do athletes endure their grueling runs, swims, and rides? Posted: 17 Aug 2016 02:18 PM PDT As the Rio Olympic Games continue, many armchair spectators of the Games may be wondering: How do those athletes endure their grueling runs, swims, and rides?

The battle against aedes aegypti, the mosquito that spreads Zika Posted: 17 Aug 2016 02:17 PM PDT The UC Mosquito Research Laboratory in Parlier is the epicenter of California research on the Aedes aegypti mosquito, a tiny, black and white mosquito that can spread the Zika virus.

Anemic adults may have a higher risk of death after stroke Posted: 17 Aug 2016 02:15 PM PDT Anemic adults may have a higher risk of death after stroke, research indicates. Hemoglobin levels may also influence stroke deaths. Researchers suggest increased awareness and interventions are needed for stroke patients with anemia.

Calcium supplements linked to dementia risk in women with certain health conditions Posted: 17 Aug 2016 02:15 PM PDT Calcium supplements may be associated with an increased risk of dementia in older women who have had a stroke or other signs of cerebrovascular disease, according to a new study.

Lab team spins ginger into nanoparticles to heal inflammatory bowel disease Posted: 17 Aug 2016 01:37 PM PDT Researchers have developed 'edible ginger-derived nanoparticles' that they believe may be good medicine for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease. The particles may also help fight cancer linked to colitis, according to experiments in mice.

New mechanism discovered for Alzheimer's risk gene Posted: 17 Aug 2016 01:37 PM PDT Scientists reveal why people with the ApoE4 gene are more susceptible to Alzheimer's disease. Late-onset Alzheimer's disease--the subset of the disorder occurring in people age 65 and over--affects more than 5 million Americans, and is characterized by progressive memory loss and dementia. Scientists have put forth a variety of hypotheses on its causes, including the accumulation of protein clusters called beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain.

Personalized wearable tech can help adults diagnosed with autism manage anxiety Posted: 17 Aug 2016 11:30 AM PDT Personalized wearable digital technology can help adults diagnosed with autism understand and manage their anxiety, say researchers.

Normalizing tumor oxygen supply could be key factor in the fight against cancer Posted: 17 Aug 2016 11:29 AM PDT The lack of oxygen in tumor cells changes the cells' gene expression, thereby contributing to the growth of cancer, suggest researchers. The findings are far-reaching, as the study also proved that maintaining a proper oxygen supply in tumors inhibits these so-called 'epigenetic aberrations.'

Can't stand the heat? Study reveals how we figure out if we're too hot Posted: 17 Aug 2016 11:27 AM PDT With temperatures soaring, our ability to detect and avoid places that are too warm is vital for regulating our body temperature. However, until now, little was known about the molecular mechanisms responsible for detecting warmth in the sensory neurons of our skin.

Survey shows broad support for national precision medicine study Posted: 17 Aug 2016 11:27 AM PDT In a recent survey designed to measure public attitudes about the Precision Medicine Initiative Cohort Program, a majority of respondents expressed willingness to participate in the nationwide research effort.

Unveiled: Earth's viral diversity Posted: 17 Aug 2016 11:27 AM PDT Plumbing Earth's microbial diversity requires learning more about the poorly-studied relationships between microbes and the viruses that infect them, impacting their abilities to regulate global cycles. Researchers utilized the largest collection of assembled metagenomic datasets to uncover over 125,000 partial and complete viral genomes. This single effort increases the number of known viral genes by a factor of 16, and provides researchers with a unique resource of viral sequence information.

Safer opioid painkiller made from scratch Posted: 17 Aug 2016 11:25 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new opioid drug candidate that blocks pain without triggering the dangerous side effects of current prescription painkillers. Their secret? Starting from scratch -- with computational techniques that let them explore more than four trillion different chemical interactions.

New techniques boost understanding of how fish fins became fingers Posted: 17 Aug 2016 11:25 AM PDT The cells that make fin rays in fish play a central role in forming the fingers and toes of four-legged creatures, one of the great transformations required for the descendants of fish to become creatures that walk on land.

Steroid treatments with fewer side effects? Posted: 17 Aug 2016 11:25 AM PDT An improved therapy to replace essential steroids in the body is a step closer thanks to new research. The treatment could help people unable to produce a class of steroids called corticosteroids, which are involved in physiological processes including regulating metabolism and blood pressure, and helping the body to cope with physical stress. The therapy for people with adrenal gland disorders is expected to have fewer side effects than existing treatments.

Twitter shows promise in rapid assessment of collective traumas' local impact Posted: 17 Aug 2016 10:31 AM PDT An alternative to using Twitter geotags and hashtags to identify community members who have experienced collective trauma, such as a school shooting, shows promise in helping researchers rapidly assess local effects. The approach was deployed to study the impact of deadly gun violence at UC Santa Barbara, Northern Arizona University and Oregon's Umpqua Community College.

Isotope research opens new possibilities for cancer treatment Posted: 17 Aug 2016 10:21 AM PDT A new study greatly improves scientists' understanding of the element actinium. The insights could support innovation in creating new classes of anticancer drugs.

Scientists discover possible new weapon in the fight against gum disease Posted: 17 Aug 2016 10:21 AM PDT If you hate going to the dentist, here's some good news. New research shows that melanocortin agonism may effectively control the inflammation that often occurs in gum tissue.

Researchers shed light on vascular growth factors in thyroid eye disease Posted: 17 Aug 2016 10:21 AM PDT Researchers have identified new underlying mechanisms of proptosis in patients with acute thyroid eye disease. Researchers describe vascular growth factors causing an abnormal proliferation of blood vessels, as well as the rare formation of lymphatic vessels, that may contribute to the dangerous swelling and inflammation that occurs in the orbits of these patients.

Life expectancy in some CKD patients could be improved with nephron-sparing treatment Posted: 17 Aug 2016 10:21 AM PDT A nephron-sparing treatment selection for small renal masses based on the nephrometry score may improve life expectancy in patients with mild or moderate chronic kidney disease, a study suggests.

Free sports physicals reveal high rates of obesity in student athletes Posted: 17 Aug 2016 10:19 AM PDT Student-athletes were found to have similar rates of obesity and high blood pressure readings as the general adolescent population.

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