ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Teens in therapeutic boarding school adopt atypical gender behaviors to reassert dominance
• That's not fair! Managing envy in the workplace
• Why do they treat me like that? Taking the mask off of envy
• Refining optogenetic methods to map synaptic connections in the brain
• The comet that disappeared: What happened to Ison?
• How to keep the superhot plasma inside tokamaks from chirping
• Standing up for beliefs in face of group opposition is worth the effort, study shows
• New discovery about sensory system of deep-sea fish
• Study finds better definition of homelessness may help minimize HIV risk
• MRI technology quantifies liver response in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients
• Keeping mosquitoes away: Insect repellent and children
• Researchers find herpes strain in the nervous system
• Proton pump found to regulate blood pH in stingrays
• New study challenges assumption of asbestos' ability to move in soil
• Increased eye cancer risk linked to pigmentation genes that dictate eye color
• A new Goldilocks for habitable planets
• Flesh-eating infections in rheumatoid arthritis patients spur new discovery
• Electrical synapses in the brain offer new avenue for epilepsy research and possible treatment
• Young, gifted, first-generation minority science students motivated by prosocial values
• Seawalls, forests show mixed effectiveness at reducing deaths, damage from tsunami
• From pollution to caffeine intake: Researcher reveals dementia risks
• 2014 Napa earthquake continued to creep, weeks after main shock
• Spider silk: Mother Nature's bio-superlens
• Cybersecurity student researches how to keep cars safe from hacking
• Revolutionary method to map brains at single-neuron resolution successfully demonstrated
• First 3-D map of cell-building protein linked to cancer
• Researchers innovate brain preservation technique
• Physicists discover 'apparent departure from the laws of thermodynamics'
• Swimming is an effective part of the treatment for fibromyalgia, study suggests
• Vertebroplasty helps reduce acute pain among patients with spinal fractures
• Cloth masks offer poor protection against air pollution
• Europe's oldest known living inhabitant
• Scientists have created a ceramic, resistant to extreme temperatures
• The first stage of the cascade
• NASA monitors the 'new normal' of sea ice
• Mathematical analysis conducted of a rare cavernicolous crustacean
• Tool or weapon? Research throws light on stone artifacts' use as ancient projectiles
• Powerful new metric quickly reveals network structure at multiple scales
• People favour expressive, communicative robots over efficient and effective ones
• Maternal language shapes infants' cry melodies
• The golfer's steady gaze
• Vaping may lead to fewer respiratory infections for ex-smokers
• How safe are our tattoos and permanent makeup?
• Brain more robust than previously thought
• Hawaiian fruit flies had multiple ancestors
• 'Missing evolutionary link' of a widely used natural drug source found
• Researcher provides recommendations to stop violence against clinicians in China
• 'Born to be bad' or 'born to be benign:' Testing cells for esophageal cancer risk
• Bartending and family life might not mix, study says
• Being the primary breadwinner is bad for men's psychological well-being and health
• Majority of parents support HPV vaccination requirements for school, but with opt-outs
• Ethnicity of women undergoing fertility treatment can affect outcomes, study finds
• Smoking marijuana provides more pain relief for men than women

Teens in therapeutic boarding school adopt atypical gender behaviors to reassert dominance Posted: 20 Aug 2016 06:14 AM PDT While studying the rapid growth of the therapeutic boarding school industry, an expert observed that troubled young men in at least one program most often displayed a type of 'hybrid masculinity.'

That's not fair! Managing envy in the workplace Posted: 19 Aug 2016 04:12 PM PDT In a recent study, researchers looked at envy in the workplace. The research found a strong link between an employee's feelings of envy after they perceive a supervisor has treated them worse relative to their co-workers and the length of time by which they process this information.

Why do they treat me like that? Taking the mask off of envy Posted: 19 Aug 2016 04:12 PM PDT While overt signs of envy can often be received badly, research indicates that how that envy is perceived and attributed by the envied person makes all the difference in how it is handled.

Refining optogenetic methods to map synaptic connections in the brain Posted: 19 Aug 2016 04:12 PM PDT A fundamental question in neuroscience is how neuronal circuits give rise to brain function, as disruptions in these connections can lead to brain disorders. Translating the rules governing the functional organization of neural circuits requires knowledge of the synaptic connections among identified classes of neurons as well as the strength and dynamics of these connections. Researchers now report that they have optimized optogenetics to map the neural circuits of the brain of rodents with single neuron resolution.

The comet that disappeared: What happened to Ison? Posted: 19 Aug 2016 01:23 PM PDT Comet ISON, a bright ball of frozen matter from the earliest days of the universe, was inbound from the Oort Cloud at the edge of the solar system and expected to pierce the Sun's corona on November 28. Scientists were expecting quite a show. A new study suggests the comet actually broke up before reaching the sun.

How to keep the superhot plasma inside tokamaks from chirping Posted: 19 Aug 2016 01:23 PM PDT Physicists have learned which conditions within fusion plasma make the occurrence of chirping modes more likely.

Standing up for beliefs in face of group opposition is worth the effort, study shows Posted: 19 Aug 2016 01:23 PM PDT A new study that assessed bodily responses suggests that standing up for your beliefs, expressing your opinions and demonstrating your core values can be a positive psychological experience, report researchers.

New discovery about sensory system of deep-sea fish Posted: 19 Aug 2016 01:23 PM PDT Little is known about most of the fishes that live deep in the oceans, where the pressures are extreme, light is nearly absent, and the water temperatures are especially low. These fishes are difficult to observe in their natural environment, and it is equally difficult to bring undamaged specimens to the surface or conduct experiments on them. New research provides new information on the dragonfish, a deep-sea fish, suggesting that it has a highly evolved system for detecting water flows.

Study finds better definition of homelessness may help minimize HIV risk Posted: 19 Aug 2016 01:22 PM PDT Being homeless puts people at greater risk of HIV infection than those with stable housing, but targeting services to reduce risk behaviors is often complicated by fuzzy definitions of homelessness, say authors of a new report.

MRI technology quantifies liver response in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients Posted: 19 Aug 2016 01:22 PM PDT Researchers have found that a form of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that non-invasively measures fat density in the liver corresponds with histological (microscopic tissue analyses) responses in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Keeping mosquitoes away: Insect repellent and children Posted: 19 Aug 2016 12:33 PM PDT Summer is here and backyard barbecues, camping trips and youth camp sessions are in full swing. Amidst all of these fun activities is often a far less welcoming sign of summer: mosquitoes.

Researchers find herpes strain in the nervous system Posted: 19 Aug 2016 12:32 PM PDT There are a couple strains of herpes so common that researchers estimate 90% of the human population have them. These strains, human herpes 6 and human herpes 7, usually do not cause severe symptoms when people acquire them. But researchers know that under certain circumstances, dormant herpes viruses in the body can unexpectedly come roaring back and cause complications not typically associated with herpes virus.

Proton pump found to regulate blood pH in stingrays Posted: 19 Aug 2016 12:30 PM PDT Researchers have discovered the same enzyme used by 'boneworms' to dissolve whale carcasses, and that helps promote photosynthesis in corals, also regulates blood pH in stingrays. The study could help scientists better understand the enzyme's function in human kidneys to regulate blood and urine functions.

New study challenges assumption of asbestos' ability to move in soil Posted: 19 Aug 2016 12:30 PM PDT A new study challenges the long-held belief that asbestos fibers cannot move through soil. The findings have important implications for current remediation strategies aimed at capping asbestos-laden soils to prevent human exposure of the cancer-causing material.

Increased eye cancer risk linked to pigmentation genes that dictate eye color Posted: 19 Aug 2016 12:30 PM PDT New research links specific inherited genetic differences to an increased risk for eye (uveal) melanoma, a rare form of melanoma that arises from pigment cells that determine eye color. scientists report the first evidence of a strong association between genes linked to eye color and development of uveal melanoma. Reported data suggests that inherited genetic factors associated with eye and skin pigmentation could increase a person's risk for uveal melanoma.

A new Goldilocks for habitable planets Posted: 19 Aug 2016 12:30 PM PDT The search for habitable, alien worlds needs to make room for a second 'Goldilocks,' according to a researcher. A new study suggests that simply being in the habitable zone isn't sufficient to support life. A planet also must start with an internal temperature that is just right.

Flesh-eating infections in rheumatoid arthritis patients spur new discovery Posted: 19 Aug 2016 12:30 PM PDT Rheumatoid arthritis patients taking medications that inhibit interleukin-1beta, a molecule that stimulates the immune system, are 300 times more likely to experience invasive Group A Streptococcal infections than patients not on the drug, according to researchers. Their study also uncovers a critical new role for IL-1beta as the body's independent early warning system for bacterial infections.

Electrical synapses in the brain offer new avenue for epilepsy research and possible treatment Posted: 19 Aug 2016 11:19 AM PDT A child with absence epilepsy may be in the middle of doing something—she could be dancing, studying, talking—when all of a sudden she stares off into space for a few moments. Then, as quickly as she drifted off, the child snaps back into whatever she was doing, unaware that the episode occurred. That brief moment of disconnect from reality is called an absence seizure. Researchers now suggest that electrical signals directly exchanged between brain cells may hold promise as a potential target for absence epilepsy treatments.

Young, gifted, first-generation minority science students motivated by prosocial values Posted: 19 Aug 2016 10:26 AM PDT There are as many motives as there are undergraduates taking introductory science courses, but if you look closely at groups of freshmen science students such as those from underrepresented minority (URM) backgrounds, you can see striking motivational differences across and within these groups, shows a new survey of 249 freshmen by psychology researchers in California.

Seawalls, forests show mixed effectiveness at reducing deaths, damage from tsunami Posted: 19 Aug 2016 09:36 AM PDT The Pacific coast of the Tohoku region has been struck by four large tsunamis in just over a century - in 1896, 1933, 1960 and 2011. Many critics claim that seawalls are detrimental because they offer a false sense of security, and prevent residents from being able to see the approaching danger first-hand. Moreover, they also say that the presence of seawalls tends to encourage residents to build homes in vulnerable areas rather than in safer places further inland or uphill.

From pollution to caffeine intake: Researcher reveals dementia risks Posted: 19 Aug 2016 09:36 AM PDT Dementia strikes 47 million people worldwide. Yet scientists are still urgently trying to find why the disease affects some but not others. Among the findings from the latest research are that eating a large amount of fatty foods and living in a polluted area may increase dementia risk, whereas taking regular exercise and keeping cholesterol at healthy levels may lower risk.

2014 Napa earthquake continued to creep, weeks after main shock Posted: 19 Aug 2016 09:04 AM PDT On August 24, 2014, just south of Napa, California, a fault in Earth suddenly slipped, violently shifting and splitting huge blocks of solid rock, 6 miles below the surface. The underground upheaval generated severe shaking at the surface, lasting 10 to 20 seconds. When the shaking subsided, the magnitude 6.0 earthquake left in its wake crumpled building facades, ruptured water mains, and fractured roadways. Scientists now report that this earthquake continued to creep, weeks after the main shock.

Spider silk: Mother Nature's bio-superlens Posted: 19 Aug 2016 09:04 AM PDT Hot on the heels of a paper revealing that a team of researchers has used a nanobead-derived superlens to break the perceived resolution barrier, the same team has achieved another world first by using spider silk as a superlens to increase the microscope's potential.

Cybersecurity student researches how to keep cars safe from hacking Posted: 19 Aug 2016 08:49 AM PDT Cybersecurity student researches spent the summer researching how to keep cars safe from cyberattacks during an intensive eight-week cybersecurity summer research program.

Revolutionary method to map brains at single-neuron resolution successfully demonstrated Posted: 19 Aug 2016 08:46 AM PDT Neuroscientists have published details of a revolutionary new way of mapping the brain at the resolution of individual neurons, which they have successfully demonstrated in the mouse brain. It involves introducing unique RNA barcodes into individual neurons and later identifying these barcodes, via sequencing, in distant brain areas.

First 3-D map of cell-building protein linked to cancer Posted: 19 Aug 2016 08:46 AM PDT Researchers have revealed, for the first time, the three-dimensional molecular 'map' of a protein that has been pinpointed as a driver of many types of cancers.

Researchers innovate brain preservation technique Posted: 19 Aug 2016 08:46 AM PDT By figuring out how to preserve specimens in the remote locations in which they are found -- locations almost completely opposite those of a controlled laboratory or 21st century urban area -- researchers have given science one more way to study a wide range of creatures, particularly those threatened by global climate change.

Physicists discover 'apparent departure from the laws of thermodynamics' Posted: 19 Aug 2016 08:46 AM PDT Physicists have revolutionized our understanding of a popular technique, known as buffer gas cooling, which is crucial in fields ranging from forensics to the production of antimatter.

Swimming is an effective part of the treatment for fibromyalgia, study suggests Posted: 19 Aug 2016 08:46 AM PDT Swimming is as effective as walking to relieve pain and improve quality of life for patients with fibromyalgia, that experience chronic diffuse non-inflammatory pain in the musculoskeletal system deriving from malfunctioning of the system that transmits and modulates the transmission of nervous stimuli between the periphery of the body and the brain. The study involved 75 sedentary women who had fibromyalgia.

Vertebroplasty helps reduce acute pain among patients with spinal fractures Posted: 19 Aug 2016 08:46 AM PDT Vertebroplasty is a safe and effective procedure to reduce acute pain and disability in patients who have experienced spinal fractures within a 6-week period, according to a new study. In this procedure, a special cement is injected in the fractured vertebra to stabilize the fracture and relieve patients of pressure. The study also found patients' hospital stays reduced by 5.5 days with vertebroplasty.

Cloth masks offer poor protection against air pollution Posted: 19 Aug 2016 08:42 AM PDT Inexpensive cloth masks worn by people who hope to reduce their exposure to air pollution vary widely in effectiveness and could be giving users a false sense of security, especially in highly polluted areas, results of a new study by environmental health scientists suggest.

Europe's oldest known living inhabitant Posted: 19 Aug 2016 08:42 AM PDT A Bosnian pine (Pinus heldreichii) growing in the highlands of northern Greece has been dendrocronologically dated to be more than 1,075 years old. This makes it currently the oldest known living tree in Europe.

Scientists have created a ceramic, resistant to extreme temperatures Posted: 19 Aug 2016 08:42 AM PDT Scientists managed to create a new multi-layered ceramic material with heat resistance of the upper layer of more than 3,000 degrees Celsius.

The first stage of the cascade Posted: 19 Aug 2016 08:42 AM PDT G proteins are molecular switches on the insides of cell membranes. They convey important signals to the inner workings of the cells. The associated receptors are targeted by all kinds of medications. Scientists are now shedding light on precisely how the individual amino acids of the G protein move during the switching process. The discovered mechanism signposts new approaches to the design of new active agents.

NASA monitors the 'new normal' of sea ice Posted: 19 Aug 2016 08:42 AM PDT This year's melt season in the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas started with a bang, with a record low maximum extent in March and relatively rapid ice loss through May. One NASA sea ice scientist describes this as 'the new normal.'

Mathematical analysis conducted of a rare cavernicolous crustacean Posted: 19 Aug 2016 08:42 AM PDT A scientific collaboration has discovered previously unknown regularities of arthropod limbs based on studies of the remipede Speleonectes tulumensis, a rare crustacean found in saline waters of caves.

Tool or weapon? Research throws light on stone artifacts' use as ancient projectiles Posted: 19 Aug 2016 05:48 AM PDT Scientists contend that ancient stones discovered at an archeological site nearly 30 years ago served not as tools, as previously thought, but as weapons for defense and hunting.

Powerful new metric quickly reveals network structure at multiple scales Posted: 19 Aug 2016 05:47 AM PDT Three researchers have devised a new network community detection technique that hopscotches over the limitations of other methods, revealing network structure at the microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic levels quickly and simultaneously.

People favour expressive, communicative robots over efficient and effective ones Posted: 19 Aug 2016 05:46 AM PDT Making an assistive robot partner expressive and communicative is likely to make it more satisfying to work with and lead to users trusting it more, even if it makes mistakes, a new study suggests.

Maternal language shapes infants' cry melodies Posted: 19 Aug 2016 05:46 AM PDT The very first cry of neonates is marked by their maternal language. This seems to be especially apparent in tonal languages, where pitch and pitch fluctuation determine the meaning of words. Chinese and German scientists have demonstrated this phenomenon for the first time by with newborn babies from China and Cameroon.

The golfer's steady gaze Posted: 19 Aug 2016 05:46 AM PDT Researchers are investigating motor learning by studying the golfer's steady gaze. Not only can the researchers measure what advantages professionals have over novices: in their studies, they are also testing training concepts that can be used by golfers to optimize how they perform their movements on the green.

Vaping may lead to fewer respiratory infections for ex-smokers Posted: 19 Aug 2016 05:46 AM PDT The majority of smokers who successfully switch to vaping say they have fewer respiratory infections, according to a study. The researchers say that this is because smoking increases susceptibility to respiratory infections and stopping smoking can be expected to have a positive effect. In addition to this, vaping may also provide some antimicrobial protection through the e-liquid ingredient propylene glycol, though further evidence is needed to confirm this.

How safe are our tattoos and permanent makeup? Posted: 19 Aug 2016 05:46 AM PDT Tattoos are becoming ever more popular. In the EU, the number of people with tattoos has increased from 5% in 2003 to 12% in 2016 (60 million people in the EU-28), with at least half of them having more than one tattoo. A new report explores the safety and regulation of the inks used for tattoos and permanent makeup.

Brain more robust than previously thought Posted: 19 Aug 2016 05:46 AM PDT The brain is well capable of coping with the erratic way individual brain cells transmit information. This robustness is quite useful because variation in signal transmission doesn't merely concern noise, but also contains valuable information, explain neuroscientists.

Hawaiian fruit flies had multiple ancestors Posted: 19 Aug 2016 05:46 AM PDT Hawaiian drosophilids (fruit flies) had plural ancestors that hailed from continents, refuting the "single Hawaiian origin" hypothesis, a team of researchers has discovered.

'Missing evolutionary link' of a widely used natural drug source found Posted: 19 Aug 2016 05:46 AM PDT A well-known family of natural compounds, called "terpenoids," have a curious evolutionary origin. In particular, one question relevant to future drug discovery has puzzled scientists: exactly how does Nature make these molecules?

Researcher provides recommendations to stop violence against clinicians in China Posted: 19 Aug 2016 05:44 AM PDT Responding to the number of violent attacks on physicians in China, researchers organized an initiative to rebuild patient-physician trust with recommendations published in a new article.

'Born to be bad' or 'born to be benign:' Testing cells for esophageal cancer risk Posted: 19 Aug 2016 05:44 AM PDT Genetically analyzing lesions in the food pipe could provide an early and accurate test for esophageal cancer, according to research. Barrett's Esophagus is a common condition that affects millions of people, although many are undiagnosed. This condition involves normal cells in the esophagus (food pipe) being replaced by an unusual cell type called Barrett's Esophagus, and is thought to be a consequence of chronic reflux (heartburn).

Bartending and family life might not mix, study says Posted: 19 Aug 2016 05:43 AM PDT If you want to mix drinks for a living, don't expect to have a typical family life, a new article suggests. The study examines the relationship between bartenders and their perceptions of successful adulthood through access to romantic relationships and parenthood. It finds that bartenders perceive their lack of legitimate work to be the main barrier in achieving such normalcy.

Being the primary breadwinner is bad for men's psychological well-being and health Posted: 19 Aug 2016 05:43 AM PDT Gendered expectations in marriage are not just bad for women, they are also bad for men, according to a new study.

Majority of parents support HPV vaccination requirements for school, but with opt-outs Posted: 19 Aug 2016 05:43 AM PDT Parents were more likely to agree that laws requiring students to be vaccinated against HPV for school entry are a 'good idea' when there is an opt-out clause, new research indicates. However, this opt-out provision could make the laws far less effective. It also means physicians and other health care providers are key to improving HPV vaccination rates.

Ethnicity of women undergoing fertility treatment can affect outcomes, study finds Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:29 PM PDT The ethnicity of women undergoing fertility treatments like IVF can affect the rate of successful live births, according to new research. After adjusting for certain factors including age of patient at time of treatment, cause of female or male infertility, and type of treatment, the study found that White Irish, South Asian Indian, South Asian Bangladeshi, South Asian Pakistani, Black African, and Other Asian women had a significantly lower odds of a live birth than White British women.

Smoking marijuana provides more pain relief for men than women Posted: 18 Aug 2016 01:59 PM PDT Men had greater pain relief than women after smoking marijuana, a new study has found. Despite differences in pain relief, men and women did not report differences in how intoxicated they felt or how much they liked the effect of the active cannabis.

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