ScienceDaily: Top News

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• 300 Teeth: Duck-billed dinosaurs would have been dentist’s dream
• Solar activity has a direct impact on Earth's cloud cover
• Hitching a ride: Misfiring drugs hit the wrong targets
• Looking to saliva to gain insight on evolution
• Purslane production practices enhance nutritional value
• Scientists solve puzzle of converting gaseous carbon dioxide to fuel
• Underground radar used to locate post-Katrina damage
• Sea temperature and the lunar cycle predict the arrival of jellyfish in Israel
• Going green is for girls, but branding can make men eco-friendly
• Unexpected trove of gas discovered around larger stars
• Western diet increases Alzheimer's risk
• Fateful evolution: New study improves accuracy of cancer diagnosis
• Smokers with newly discovered genetic markers have higher lung cancer risk
• Mapping pluripotency differences between mice, monkeys, and humans
• New method in synthesis and development for pharmaceuticals
• Is prehospital stroke treatment associated with better outcomes?
• New strategy to fight mosquitoes in a more efficient and sustainable way
• What digital divide? Seniors embrace social technology
• How easy is it to spot a lie?
• Potentially deadly heart condition plagues family members around same age
• The more we know, the easier we are to deceive
• Clever car racking and intelligent software double number of cars in shipping containers
• Number of tuberculosis cases in India is double current estimates, says new study
• Designing better ways to let go of digital memories than 'delete'
• Nerve cells with a sense of rhythm
• Researchers identify possible pathway to reboot immune system after bone-marrow transplants
• Artificial retinas: Promising leads towards clearer vision
• Nanovesicles in predictable shapes
• Promising route to the scalable production of highly crystalline graphene films
• Sitting in traffic jams is officially bad for you
• An effective and low-cost solution for storing solar energy
• New study questions timing in mitral valve repairs
• Biofuels increase, rather than decrease, heat-trapping carbon dioxide emissions
• MRI-guided focused ultrasound effective to treat essential tremor
• New map shows alarming growth of the human footprint
• Zika virus detected in newborn until 2 months after birth
• Simulated patient study sheds new light on antibiotic use in India
• Conflicts subverting improved health conditions in Eastern Mediterranean Region
• Excess weight linked to eight more cancer types
• Seismic shield: Large-scale metamaterials combat earthquakes in 3-D model
• Hay fever from ragweed pollen could double due to climate change
• We are all 'wired' for addiction, says researcher
• Protein that promotes the breakdown of fat identified, potentially leading to new diabetes treatments
• You want shorter ER stays? Bring in the nurses
• Diet, exercise, both: All work equally to protect heart health
• Seniors with more continuity of care use the ER less
• Mental stress may cause reduced blood flow in hearts of young women with heart disease
• Biomarkers may help better predict who will have a stroke
• Can one cosmic enigma help solve another?
• Enigmatic molecules maintain equilibrium between fighting infection, inflammatory havoc
• Whiskers help animals sense the direction of the wind
• THC in marijuana makes rats lazy, less willing to try cognitively demanding tasks
• Global climate models do not easily downscale for regional predictions
• Feeling the force between sand grains
• Bio-inspired tire design: Where the rubber meets the road
• 35 years on, Voyager's legacy continues at Saturn
• In unstable times, the brain reduces cell production to help cope
• Cardiologist examines training, staffing, research in cardiac intensive care
• Study strengthens evidence that cognitive activity can reduce dementia risk
• Green light: Biochemists describe light-driven conversion of greenhouse gas to fuel

300 Teeth: Duck-billed dinosaurs would have been dentist’s dream Posted: 25 Aug 2016 09:02 AM PDT Imagine how much dental care you'd need if you had 300 or more teeth packed together on each side of your mouth.

Solar activity has a direct impact on Earth's cloud cover Posted: 25 Aug 2016 08:32 AM PDT Solar variations affect the abundance of clouds in our atmosphere, a new study suggests. Large eruptions on the surface of the Sun can temporarily shield Earth from so-called cosmic rays which now appear to affect cloud formation.

Hitching a ride: Misfiring drugs hit the wrong targets Posted: 25 Aug 2016 08:32 AM PDT Researchers have shown how anti-HIV protein inhibitor drugs can bind to the wrong protein, causing unwanted side effects.

Looking to saliva to gain insight on evolution Posted: 25 Aug 2016 08:32 AM PDT There's no need to reinvent the genetic wheel. That's one lesson of a new study that looks to the saliva of humans, gorillas, orangutans, macaques and African green monkeys for insights into evolution. The work shows that adaptation isn't just about creating new tools for survival -- it's also about tweaking the ones we have.

Purslane production practices enhance nutritional value Posted: 25 Aug 2016 08:32 AM PDT A study evaluated the influence of nitrogen fertility levels on biomass and concentrations of nutritionally important carotenoid and chlorophyll pigments in purslane. Two purslane cultivars were grown in nutrient solution culture under four nitrogen concentrations. Results showed no influence of nitrogen treatment concentration on purslane shoot tissue fresh weight accumulation. Nitrogen treatment significantly influenced purslane shoot tissue beta-carotene, lutein, neoxanthin, total carotenoids, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and the chlorophyll a to b ratio.

Scientists solve puzzle of converting gaseous carbon dioxide to fuel Posted: 25 Aug 2016 08:32 AM PDT Every year, humans advance climate change and global warming by injecting about 30 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Scientists believe they've found a way to convert all these emissions into energy-rich fuel in a carbon-neutral cycle that uses a very abundant natural resource: silicon. Readily available in sand, it's the seventh most-abundant element in the universe and the second most-abundant element in the earth's crust.

Underground radar used to locate post-Katrina damage Posted: 25 Aug 2016 08:32 AM PDT An innovative underground radar technology is helping the City of Slidell in south Louisiana to identify and document underground infrastructure damage that had gone undetected in the months and years following Hurricane Katrina.

Sea temperature and the lunar cycle predict the arrival of jellyfish in Israel Posted: 25 Aug 2016 07:23 AM PDT Large swarms of jellyfish reach the coast of Israel when the sea temperature ranges between 28.2 and 30 degrees Celsius and during the full moon, according to a new study. The study reveals, for the first time, the link between sea temperature and the lunar cycle and the arrival of swarms of Jellyfish s along the coast of Israel.

Going green is for girls, but branding can make men eco-friendly Posted: 25 Aug 2016 07:23 AM PDT Studies show that men are not as environmentally friendly as women. But could men be persuaded to go green? New research indicates the answer is yes — and it's all about branding.

Unexpected trove of gas discovered around larger stars Posted: 25 Aug 2016 07:23 AM PDT Astronomers using ALMA surveyed dozens of young stars -- some Sun-like and others approximately double that size -- and discovered that the larger variety have surprisingly rich reservoirs of carbon monoxide gas in their debris disks. In contrast, the lower-mass, Sun-like stars have debris disks that are virtually gas-free.

Western diet increases Alzheimer's risk Posted: 25 Aug 2016 07:21 AM PDT Globally, about 42 million people now have dementia, with Alzheimer's disease as the most common type of dementia. Rates of Alzheimer's disease are rising worldwide. The most important risk factors seem to be linked to diet, especially the consumption of meat, sweets, and high-fat dairy products that characterize a Western Diet. The evidence of these risk factors, which come from ecological and observational studies, also shows that fruits, vegetables, grains, low-fat dairy products, legumes, and fish are associated with reduced risk.

Fateful evolution: New study improves accuracy of cancer diagnosis Posted: 25 Aug 2016 07:11 AM PDT Researchers use evolutionary theory to make predictions about which Barrett's esophagus (BE) patients will go on to develop cancer. The results point the way toward more accurate medical assessments for patients with BE and the development of early-warning beacons of disease known as biomarkers.

Smokers with newly discovered genetic markers have higher lung cancer risk Posted: 25 Aug 2016 07:11 AM PDT Researchers discovered new genetic markers associated with a fast rate of nicotine metabolism, which potentially leads smokers to smoke more, thereby, increasing their risk for lung cancer.

Mapping pluripotency differences between mice, monkeys, and humans Posted: 25 Aug 2016 07:11 AM PDT New research shows that certain primate stem cells have pluripotency superior to some types derived from mice. The study maps how pluripotency differs among mice, monkeys, and humans, and illustrates for the first time the characteristics unique to primate stem cells.

New method in synthesis and development for pharmaceuticals Posted: 25 Aug 2016 07:11 AM PDT Scientists have developed a new synthetic methods that facilitate the design and synthesis of bioactive compounds and chemical tools for pharmacological studies, the team reports.

Is prehospital stroke treatment associated with better outcomes? Posted: 25 Aug 2016 07:11 AM PDT When treating a patient with stroke, every minute counts. A specialized stroke ambulance allows physicians to start specific treatment, such as thrombolysis, at scene. A recent study investigated whether this earlier response time leads to an improved prognosis.

New strategy to fight mosquitoes in a more efficient and sustainable way Posted: 25 Aug 2016 07:11 AM PDT Mosquitoes continue to build resistance to existing pesticides. Research has now shown that the chemical substances emitted by one of the mosquito's natural enemies -- the backswimmer -- makes the biological pesticide Bti more deadly. These so-called predator cues also impair the mosquito's immune system. Scientists argue that a cocktail of biological pesticides and synthetic predator cues may become the future strategy for mosquito control.

What digital divide? Seniors embrace social technology Posted: 25 Aug 2016 07:11 AM PDT Contrary to popular belief, older adults enjoy emailing, instant messaging, Facebook and other forms of social technology. Not only that, but such online networking appears to reduce seniors' loneliness and even improve their health.

How easy is it to spot a lie? Posted: 25 Aug 2016 07:09 AM PDT 'Who broke Grandma's favorite vase?' As you listen to a chorus of 'I don't know' and 'Not me,' how will you determine the culprit? Conventional wisdom says, divide and conquer, but what does scientific research show us about questioning a group of people at one time?

Potentially deadly heart condition plagues family members around same age Posted: 25 Aug 2016 05:51 AM PDT People with a family member who had an aortic dissection—a spontaneous tear in one of the body's main arteries—should take note of the age that family member was when the aortic dissection occurred. According to a new study, aortic dissections have the potential to run in families and often occur within 10 years of the same age.

The more we know, the easier we are to deceive Posted: 25 Aug 2016 05:49 AM PDT Knowing a lot about a subject means you are more likely to have false memories about it.

Clever car racking and intelligent software double number of cars in shipping containers Posted: 25 Aug 2016 05:49 AM PDT Shipping cars could be safer and more efficient than ever before, thanks to innovative solutions.

Number of tuberculosis cases in India is double current estimates, says new study Posted: 25 Aug 2016 05:48 AM PDT The number of cases of tuberculosis (TB) in India may be up to two to three times higher than current estimates, suggests a new study. TB is a bacterial infection, spread through inhaling tiny droplets from the coughs or sneezes of an infected person. India has the highest number of TB cases in the world, and accounts for at least a quarter of all cases worldwide.

Designing better ways to let go of digital memories than 'delete' Posted: 25 Aug 2016 05:48 AM PDT Researchers are looking at better ways of helping grieving people let go of emotionally-charged digital content after the death of loved ones or the break-up of relationships.

Nerve cells with a sense of rhythm Posted: 25 Aug 2016 05:48 AM PDT The performances of our brain like thinking, remembering, perceiving and motion control can only arise through the interaction of the network of nerve cells. Now, neuroscientists show how nerve cells communicate with each other in neural networks.

Researchers identify possible pathway to reboot immune system after bone-marrow transplants Posted: 25 Aug 2016 05:48 AM PDT New research has shown how a cell surface molecule, Lymphotoxin ? receptor, controls entry of T-cells into the thymus, and as such presents an opportunity to understanding why cancer patients who undergo bone-marrow transplant are slow to recover their immune system.

Artificial retinas: Promising leads towards clearer vision Posted: 25 Aug 2016 05:48 AM PDT A major therapeutic challenge, the retinal prostheses that have been under development during the past ten years can enable some blind subjects to perceive light signals, but the image thus restored is still far from being clear.  By comparing in rodents the activity of the visual cortex generated artificially by implants against that produced by "natural sight", scientists have identified two factors that limit the resolution of prostheses.  Based on these findings, they were able to improve the precision of prosthetic activation.

Nanovesicles in predictable shapes Posted: 25 Aug 2016 05:48 AM PDT Beads, disks, bowls and rods: scientists have demonstrated the first methodological approach to control the shapes of nanovesicles. This opens doors for the use of nanovesicles in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery in the body, they say.

Promising route to the scalable production of highly crystalline graphene films Posted: 25 Aug 2016 05:48 AM PDT Researchers discovered a procedure to restore defective graphene oxide structures that cause the material to display low carrier mobility. By applying a high-temperature reduction treatment in an ethanol environment, defective structures were restored, leading to the formation of a highly crystalline graphene film with excellent band-like transport. These findings are expected to come into use in scalable production techniques of highly crystalline graphene films.

Sitting in traffic jams is officially bad for you Posted: 25 Aug 2016 05:48 AM PDT Pollution levels inside cars were found to be up to 40% higher while in traffic jams or at a red traffic light compared to free-flowing traffic conditions, new research indicates. The World Health Organization has placed outdoor air pollution among the top ten health risks faced by humans, linking with seven million premature deaths a year.

An effective and low-cost solution for storing solar energy Posted: 25 Aug 2016 05:47 AM PDT Solar energy can be stored by converting it into hydrogen. But current methods are too expensive and don't last long. Using commercially available solar cells and none of the usual rare metals, researchers have now designed a device that outperforms in stability, efficiency and cost.

New study questions timing in mitral valve repairs Posted: 25 Aug 2016 05:47 AM PDT Doctors say new research is showing that patients who suffer from isolated mitral valve regurgitation may need surgery before symptoms appear.

Biofuels increase, rather than decrease, heat-trapping carbon dioxide emissions Posted: 25 Aug 2016 05:46 AM PDT A new study challenges the widely held assumption that biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel are inherently carbon neutral.

MRI-guided focused ultrasound effective to treat essential tremor Posted: 24 Aug 2016 06:22 PM PDT Treatment with MRI-guided focused ultrasound significantly improves tremors and quality of life in patients with essential tremor (ET), the most common movement disorder, according to a new study.

New map shows alarming growth of the human footprint Posted: 24 Aug 2016 06:22 PM PDT Scientists says a new map of the ecological footprint of humankind shows 97 percent of the most species-rich places on Earth have been seriously altered.

Zika virus detected in newborn until 2 months after birth Posted: 24 Aug 2016 06:22 PM PDT Researchers outline the case of a baby born with Zika infection in January 2016, who remained infected by the virus even two months and one week after birth. This is the first reported case of prolonged Zika infection in newborns.

Simulated patient study sheds new light on antibiotic use in India Posted: 24 Aug 2016 06:22 PM PDT As a result of the overuse or misuse of antibiotics, antimicrobial resistant superbugs represent an extraordinary threat to global health. This threat is particularly great in India, the world's largest consumer of antibiotics and the country facing the highest burden of tuberculosis (TB) in the world.

Conflicts subverting improved health conditions in Eastern Mediterranean Region Posted: 24 Aug 2016 06:22 PM PDT Improved health conditions and life expectancy over the past 20 years in the Eastern Mediterranean Region are being subverted by wars and civil unrest, according to a new scientific study.

Excess weight linked to eight more cancer types Posted: 24 Aug 2016 06:22 PM PDT There's yet another reason to maintain a healthy weight as we age. An international team of researchers has identified eight additional types of cancer linked to excess weight and obesity: stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, ovary, meningioma (a type of brain tumor), thyroid cancer and the blood cancer multiple myeloma.

Seismic shield: Large-scale metamaterials combat earthquakes in 3-D model Posted: 24 Aug 2016 06:22 PM PDT Numerical analysis considers both surface and guided waves, accounts for soil dissipation, and provides design guidelines for implementing earthquake protection using an array of ground-based cavities.

Hay fever from ragweed pollen could double due to climate change Posted: 24 Aug 2016 06:22 PM PDT Climate change could cause new hay fever misery for millions of people across Europe -- according to a new report. Hay fever is a common allergic condition that is caused by an allergy to pollen -- including tree pollen (released during spring), grass pollen (released during the end of spring and beginning of summer) or weed pollen (especially released late autumn).

We are all 'wired' for addiction, says researcher Posted: 24 Aug 2016 02:27 PM PDT Drug addicts and non-addicts may have more in common than ever thought, according to a researcher who found that to some degree, everyone's brain is "wired" to become addicted.

Protein that promotes the breakdown of fat identified, potentially leading to new diabetes treatments Posted: 24 Aug 2016 02:27 PM PDT A protein often located on the surface of fat droplets within cells -- and especially abundant in the muscles of endurance athletes -- can kick-start the more efficient and healthful breakdown of fat, scientists have discovered.

You want shorter ER stays? Bring in the nurses Posted: 24 Aug 2016 02:17 PM PDT Protocols allowing nurses to administer certain types of treatment in the emergency department can dramatically shorten length of stay for patients with fever, chest pain, hip fractures and vaginal bleeding during pregnancy, according to the results of a recent study.

Diet, exercise, both: All work equally to protect heart health Posted: 24 Aug 2016 02:17 PM PDT For those who need to lose weight, taking off a few pounds by dieting, exercising or both is powerful protection against cardiovascular disease.

Seniors with more continuity of care use the ER less Posted: 24 Aug 2016 02:17 PM PDT Seniors with traditional Medicare coverage who have more continuity of care -- defined as consistently seeing the same physician in an outpatient setting -- have lower chances of visiting an emergency department, according to the results of a recent study.

Mental stress may cause reduced blood flow in hearts of young women with heart disease Posted: 24 Aug 2016 02:17 PM PDT Mental stress may cause reduced blood flow in the heart muscle of younger women with heart disease. Younger women with heart disease are more susceptible to reduced blood flow from mental stress compared to men and older patients, new research has found.

Biomarkers may help better predict who will have a stroke Posted: 24 Aug 2016 02:17 PM PDT People with high levels of four biomarkers in the blood may be more likely to develop a stroke than people with low levels of the biomarkers, according to a new study.

Can one cosmic enigma help solve another? Posted: 24 Aug 2016 01:02 PM PDT Astrophysicists have proposed a clever new way to shed light on the mystery of dark matter, believed to make up most of the universe. The irony is they want to try to pin down the nature of this unexplained phenomenon by using another, an obscure cosmic emanation known as 'fast radio bursts.'

Enigmatic molecules maintain equilibrium between fighting infection, inflammatory havoc Posted: 24 Aug 2016 01:02 PM PDT Special RNA molecules called long non-coding RNAs are key controllers for maintaining immune health when fighting infection or preventing inflammatory disorders. The discovery offers a potential drug target for several inflammatory disorders characterized by an abnormal lifespan in a group of white blood cells, which can lead to organ damage.

Whiskers help animals sense the direction of the wind Posted: 24 Aug 2016 01:02 PM PDT Rats use information from their whiskers to localize an airflow source, new research has shown. This discovery could pave the way for the design of novel airflow measurement devices that imitate these biological sensors, say the researchers.

THC in marijuana makes rats lazy, less willing to try cognitively demanding tasks Posted: 24 Aug 2016 11:40 AM PDT New research suggests there may be some truth to the belief that marijuana use causes laziness -- at least in rats.

Global climate models do not easily downscale for regional predictions Posted: 24 Aug 2016 11:40 AM PDT One size does not always fit all, especially when it comes to global climate models, according to climate researchers who caution users of climate model projections to take into account the increased uncertainties in assessing local climate scenarios.

Feeling the force between sand grains Posted: 24 Aug 2016 11:40 AM PDT For the first time, researchers have measured how forces move through 3-D granular materials, determining how this important class of materials might pack and behave in processes throughout nature and industry.

Bio-inspired tire design: Where the rubber meets the road Posted: 24 Aug 2016 11:40 AM PDT Scientists have recently created new bio-inspired film-terminated structures with unique friction characteristics that could have positive industrial implications for, among other things, tires.

35 years on, Voyager's legacy continues at Saturn Posted: 24 Aug 2016 11:40 AM PDT Saturn, with its alluring rings and numerous moons, has long fascinated stargazers and scientists. After an initial flyby of Pioneer 11 in 1979, humanity got a second, much closer look at this complex planetary system in the early 1980s through the eyes of NASA's twin Voyager spacecraft.

In unstable times, the brain reduces cell production to help cope Posted: 24 Aug 2016 11:40 AM PDT A new study found that adult rats with disruptions in their social hierarchy produced far fewer new neurons, and reacted to the surrounding upheaval by favoring the company of familiar rats. The research is among the first to show that adult brain-cell growth, or neurogenesis, shapes social behavior and adaptation, and that responses to instability may be more measured than scientists have come to expect.

Cardiologist examines training, staffing, research in cardiac intensive care Posted: 24 Aug 2016 11:40 AM PDT The medical director of a cardiac intensive care unit examined the early growth and maturation of critical care cardiology, and the challenges and uncertainties that threaten to stymie the growth of this fledgling discipline.

Study strengthens evidence that cognitive activity can reduce dementia risk Posted: 24 Aug 2016 11:40 AM PDT A formal bias analysis of previous studies finding that cognitive activities can reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias concluded that any confounding factors in the earlier studies probably do not totally account for any associations between cognitive activity and dementia risk.

Green light: Biochemists describe light-driven conversion of greenhouse gas to fuel Posted: 24 Aug 2016 11:40 AM PDT By way of a light-driven bacterium, biochemists are a step closer to cleanly converting harmful carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion into usable fuels. Using the phototropic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris as a biocatalyst, the scientists generated methane from carbon dioxide in one enzymatic step.

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