الجمعة، 30 سبتمبر 2016

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

Human and avian running on uneven ground

Posted: 29 Sep 2016 06:53 AM PDT

Humans and birds adapt their movement when running on uneven ground. "And even though their adaptation mechanisms and strategies developed completely independently, they do so in very similar ways", outlines a new report that analyzes human and avian locomotion on uneven ground. 

Status drives men's reproductive success across non-industrial world

Posted: 29 Sep 2016 05:37 AM PDT

The reproductive success of men in non-industrialized societies is closely tied to their social status, finds a new meta-analysis.

Childhood hypertension associated with cognitive issues

Posted: 29 Sep 2016 05:20 AM PDT

Hypertension, more commonly known as high blood pressure, has increased significantly in children, paralleling the current childhood obesity epidemic.  Although we know that adult hypertension can affect the brain, little research has been done on the cognitive effects of childhood hypertension. Researchers have now found that hypertension is associated with cognitive issues in children and adolescents.

Rare Flu-Thwarting Mutation discovered

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 07:13 PM PDT

A rare and improbable mutation in a protein encoded by an influenza virus renders the virus defenseless against the body's immune system. This discovery could provide a new strategy for live influenza vaccines in the future, say scientists

Promising biomaterial to build better bones with 3-D printing

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 06:37 PM PDT

Engineers have developed a 3-D printable ink that produces a synthetic bone implant that rapidly induces bone regeneration and growth. This hyperelastic "bone" material, whose shape can be easily customized, one day could be especially useful for the treatment of bone defects in children.

Rest and well-being: World's largest survey

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 12:35 PM PDT

Over two thirds (68 per cent) of the public would like more rest, according to the world's largest ever survey on the topic. The study also revealed that nearly a third (32 per cent) of respondents said they need more rest than the average person, while 10 per cent think they need less.

Alcohol shown to act in same way as rapid antidepressants

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 12:35 PM PDT

Can having a few drinks help people with clinical depression feel better? Yes. At least in terms of biochemistry, say scientists.

Empowering diabetes patients through technology

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 12:35 PM PDT

Researchers have received a five-year, $4 million federal grant to study how mobile technology can assist African American and Hispanic patients in adhering to their diabetes treatment plans.

Dementia: Catching the memory thief

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 12:06 PM PDT

It's over a hundred years since the first case of Alzheimer's disease was diagnosed. Since then we've learned a great deal about the protein 'tangles' and 'plaques' that cause the disease. How close are we to having effective treatments -- and could we even prevent dementia from occurring in the first place?

How baby's genes influence birth weight and later life disease

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 12:05 PM PDT

Genetic differences have been found that help to explain why some babies are born bigger or smaller than others. It also reveals how genetic differences provide an important link between an individual's early growth and their chances of developing conditions such as type 2 diabetes or heart disease in later life.

Early onset menopausal symptoms could predict heart disease

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 11:44 AM PDT

Women who experience hot flashes and night sweats earlier in life are more likely to die from cardiovascular disease (CVD) when compared to women with later onset menopausal symptoms, according to research. Up to 80 percent of women experience menopausal symptoms, particularly hot flashes and night sweats, at some point during the menopause transition.

If legalizing pot, consider health, not profits, analysis says

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 11:42 AM PDT

A new analysis of marijuana legislation offers a framework for states that are considering legalizing the drug and want to protect public health, rather than corporate profits.

Moderate alcohol use linked to heart chamber damage, atrial fibrillation in new study

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 11:34 AM PDT

Researchers have found that even moderate alcohol consumption may change the structure of the heart in ways that increase the risk of atrial fibrillation.

New insight into eye diseases

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 11:30 AM PDT

Many diseases that lead to blindness, such as glaucoma and macular degeneration, are caused by the death of certain cells in the human retina that lack the ability to regenerate. But in species such as zebrafish these cells, known as Muller glial cells (MGs), do serve as retinal stem cells that are capable of generating new cells. In a new study, a research team investigated whether the regenerative power of cells in zebrafish could be recreated in mammals, specifically mice.

Researchers identify treatment target for blinding diseases

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 11:19 AM PDT

A common pathway involved in photoreceptor death has been identified in retinitis pigmentosa, advanced dry age-related macular degeneration and other retinal diseases, with early evidence of a possible halt to vision loss related to treatment of the pathway.

Identifying ecstasy's dangerous path

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 11:17 AM PDT

In an important discovery in the battle against the United States' growing drug epidemic, an economist has found the Carolinas could be a hotspot for the trafficking and production of the drug Ecstasy.

Acupuncture reduces hot flashes for half of women, study finds

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 11:17 AM PDT

Hot flashes – the bane of existence for many women during menopause – can be reduced in frequency by almost half for about 50 percent of women over eight weeks of acupuncture treatment, according to scientists.

Epigenetic clock predicts life expectancy

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 11:10 AM PDT

Why do some people lead a perfectly healthy lifestyle yet still die young? A new international study suggests that the answer lies in our DNA.

Paper offers insight on antidepressant-induced female sexual dysfunction

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 11:08 AM PDT

One in six women in the U.S. takes antidepressants to improve her well-being, but what is she to do when the medication that is meant to help disrupts another area of her life?

Breastfeeding saves mothers' lives, too, study shows

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 11:05 AM PDT

Breastfeeding is not only good for children, but also for their mothers, providing more health benefits and preventing more maternal diseases than previously known, new research shows.

Traveling through the body with graphene

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 10:59 AM PDT

Researchers have succeeded to place a layer of graphene on top of a stable fatty lipid monolayer, for the first time. Surrounded by a protective shell of lipids graphene could enter the body and function as a versatile sensor. The results are the first step towards such a shell, say authors of a new report.

Smoking fathers increase asthma-risk in future offspring

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 10:59 AM PDT

Offspring with a father who smoked prior to conception had more than three times higher chance of early-onset asthma than children whose father had never smoked. Both a father's early smoking debut and a father's longer smoking duration before conception increased non-allergic early-onset asthma in offspring. This suggests that not only the mother's environment plays a key role in child health, but also the father's lifestyle, shows a new study including 24,000 children.

Randomized trial suggests eating bread made with ancient grains could benefit heart health

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 10:59 AM PDT

Eating bread made with ancient grains could help lower cholesterol and blood glucose, a recent randomized trial suggests. Compared with modern grain varieties which are often heavily refined, ancient grains offer antioxidant and anti-inflammatory profiles. They also contain beneficial vitamins (B and E), minerals (eg, magnesium, iron, potassium), which protect against chronic diseases.

Brain's biological clock stimulates thirst before sleep

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 10:58 AM PDT

The brain's biological clock stimulates thirst in the hours before sleep, according to a study. Scientists have known that rodents show a surge in water intake during the last two hours before sleep. The study now reveals that this behavior is not motivated by any physiological reason, such as dehydration. So if they don't need to drink water, why do they?

Diabetes in children is a chronic, but treatable, disease

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 05:34 AM PDT

For those people living with diabetes, every day requires around-the-clock monitoring and management, explain experts. This daily monitoring can be a particular challenge for young people who also have to be attentive to when and what they eat and drink, as well as their activities at home, in school or while hanging out with friends. Even a minor ailment like a cold may require changes in the medical regimen because of the effect inflammation has on the blood sugar.

Time window to help people who have had a stroke longer than previously shown

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 05:34 AM PDT

Time is of the essence when getting people stricken with acute ischemic strokes to treatment. Current professional guidelines recommend that stent retrievers be used to remove blood clots from stroke patients within six hours for people to benefit. But new research finds that the procedure has benefits for people up to 7.3 hours following the onset of a stroke.

Fungus makes mosquitoes much more likely to become infected with malaria

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 05:33 AM PDT

A fungus that compromises the immune system of mosquitoes, making them more susceptible to infection with the parasite that causes malaria, has been discovered by scientists. Because environmental microorganisms can vary greatly from region to region, the researchers say the findings may help explain variations in the prevalence of malaria in different geographic areas.

Heart disease exercise program could work for bowel cancer patients

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 05:32 AM PDT

Could rehabilitation programs for heart disease patients be used to help people recovering from bowel cancer get back on their feet? That's the question cancer care experts have been exploring.

Brown adipose tissue is able to secrete factors that activate fat and carbohydrate metabolism

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 05:32 AM PDT

Brown adipose tissue – the main organ generating heat in the body -- is also an endocrine organ that secretes signaling factors that activate the fat and carbohydrates metabolism, report scientists.

New imaging technique in Alzheimer's disease opens up possibilities for new drug development

Posted: 28 Sep 2016 05:30 AM PDT

Tau PET is a new and promising imaging method for Alzheimer's disease. A case study in Sweden now confirms that tau PET images correspond to a higher degree to actual changes in the brain. According to the researchers behind the study, this increases opportunities for developing effective drugs.

Groundbreaking study sheds light on treating cancer

Posted: 27 Sep 2016 07:52 PM PDT

A new cancer treatment that uses red lights to target and kill cancer cells alternatively without surgery has been presented by researchers.

Energy drink use, with or without alcohol, contributes to drunk driving

Posted: 27 Sep 2016 07:51 PM PDT

Highly caffeinated energy drinks (EDs) have been of concern to the public-health community for almost a decade. Many young people consume EDs with alcohol to decrease alcohol's sedative effects and stay awake longer, enabling them to drink more alcohol. Adding to the growing body of research linking ED consumption with risk-taking and alcohol-related problems, this study examined its relationship with drunk driving. Importantly, the researchers differentiated between the different ways in which EDs are consumed: exclusively with alcohol, exclusively without alcohol, or both with and without alcohol depending on the occasion.

Low cancer symptom awareness linked to lower chance of survival

Posted: 27 Sep 2016 07:50 PM PDT

In regions where cancer survival is poorer, people on average have lower awareness of cancer symptoms, according to new research.

Freezing technique is an effective alternative to lumpectomy for early stage breast cancer, study finds

Posted: 27 Sep 2016 01:41 PM PDT

A deep-freezing technique known as cryoablation is a viable alternative to traditional surgery in many early-stage breast cancers, researchers have found in a new clinical study.

Tackling obesity in rural communities

Posted: 27 Sep 2016 01:40 PM PDT

Currently, excess body weight contributes to as many as 1 in 5 cancer-related deaths. Obesity is associated with increased risk of at least eight types of cancer. Now obesity has been identified as a health risk that is "quickly overtaking tobacco as the leading preventable cause of cancer."

Toxins from food mold weaken airways' defenses to cause more damage

Posted: 27 Sep 2016 11:30 AM PDT

Toxins from mold found growing on nuts or corn can weaken the airways' self-clearing mechanisms and immunity, opening the door for respiratory diseases and exacerbating existing ones, suggests a new study.

Interruptions to rehab are common after stroke or brain injury, but many are preventable

Posted: 27 Sep 2016 10:48 AM PDT

Patients in inpatient rehabilitation after a stroke, brain injury, or spinal cord injury have significant rates of interruptions of their rehab program—often including being transferred back to the hospital for treatment of complications, reports a new study.

Link between facility volume, radiation outcomes for head and neck cancers

Posted: 27 Sep 2016 10:41 AM PDT

The association between provider case volume and outcomes has long been suggested in cancer care. A research team has completed a review of outcomes for patients with locally advanced squamous cell head and neck cancers treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and found a distinct association between higher-volume treatment centers and improved overall survival.

Study reveals tremendous clinical, economic burden of common chronic liver disease

Posted: 27 Sep 2016 10:39 AM PDT

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease worldwide, is increasing in prevalence and is currently estimated to affect approximately one-quarter of the general population. A new study reveals the clinical and economic burden of NAFLD in the United States and Europe. The findings will help clinicians and policy makers develop strategies to deal with this serious chronic disease.

CRISPR toolbox expanded by protein that cuts RNA in two distinct ways

Posted: 27 Sep 2016 09:36 AM PDT

Researchers have expanded the role of the newly discovered CRISPR protein C2c2 that targets RNA instead of DNA. C2c2 has been described as an RNA-guided RNA-cutting enzyme; however, a full understanding of how this protein acts to cleave RNA was lacking before this study.
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