ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Heredity a major factor in ADHD, binge eating and alcohol dependence
• Gene defect as a potential gateway for targeted prostate cancer therapy
• Gut bacteria affect immune recovery in HIV patients, study finds
• Aberrant epigenetic regulation behind the intestinal symptoms in celiac disease
• Biobank storage time affects blood test results
• New HIF-2 kidney cancer therapy more effective than current treatment, study shows
• Brain circuit that drives sleep-wake states, sleep-preparation behavior is identified
• Device rapidly measures growth of single cells simultaneously
• Biochemists' discovery could lead to vaccine against 'flesh-eating' bacteria
• How much do perfumes pollute? Pioneering study in the canals of Venice
• Discovery contributes to better understanding of acquired resistance to combination drug treatment in cancer
• Whole brain radiotherapy offers little benefit to people whose lung cancer has spread to the brain, despite its widespread use
• Cardioprotective drug helps prevent long-term heart damage in children receiving chemotherapy
• Physical activity reduces anxiety and depression in patients with COPD, study suggests
• Reduced fetal size linked to increased asthma risk and reduced lung function in children
• Small study shows the effects of smoking on reducing calorie intake
• Childhood BMI linked with asthma hospital admissions, but differs between men and women
• Benralizumab injections reduce exacerbations in severe, uncontrolled asthma, according to two trials
• Artificial intelligence could improve diagnostic power of lung function tests
• Asthma gene's effect on respiratory symptoms in infancy depends on breastfeeding status
• New research method questions traditional efficacy trial model
• Women at higher risk for alcoholic liver disease than men
• New hope for new Crohn's disease treatment
• Gonorrhoea: Encouraging decrease in certain antibiotic resistance levels of gonococci across Europe
• Drugs in the water? Don't blame the students

Heredity a major factor in ADHD, binge eating and alcohol dependence Posted: 05 Sep 2016 08:48 AM PDT It is mostly hereditary factors that lie behind adults with ADHD often developing alcohol dependence and binge eating, concludes new research. Since heredity plays such a large role, it is important that ADHD is treated at an early stage, and that measures are taken to prevent individuals developing these disorders later in life.

Gene defect as a potential gateway for targeted prostate cancer therapy Posted: 05 Sep 2016 08:48 AM PDT The loss of CHD1, one of the most frequently mutated genes in prostate tumors, sensitizes human prostate cancer cells to different drugs, including PARP inhibitors. This suggests CHD1 as a potential biomarker for targeted prostate cancer therapy, report scientists.

Gut bacteria affect immune recovery in HIV patients, study finds Posted: 05 Sep 2016 08:48 AM PDT Gut bacteria also play their role in the immune recovery of HIV patients, an international study has found. The implications of this finding are that new complementary therapies could be developed that target these bacteria to boost the efficiency of ART and prevent the complications associated with immune deficiency and chronic inflammation.

Aberrant epigenetic regulation behind the intestinal symptoms in celiac disease Posted: 05 Sep 2016 08:47 AM PDT A mechanism causing aberrancies in celiac disease and colorectal cancer has been discovered by researchers. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease in genetically susceptible individuals and is triggered by gluten, a protein found in wheat and other grains.

Biobank storage time affects blood test results Posted: 05 Sep 2016 08:47 AM PDT The amount of time a blood sample used for medical research has been stored at a biobank may affect the test results as much as the blood sample provider's age, new research finds. Until now, medical research has taken into account age, sex and health factors of the person providing the sample, but it turns out that storage time is just as important.

New HIF-2 kidney cancer therapy more effective than current treatment, study shows Posted: 05 Sep 2016 08:45 AM PDT A new class of drugs called HIF-2 inhibitors is more effective and better tolerated than the standard of care drug sunitinib in treating kidney cancer, researchers have found.

Brain circuit that drives sleep-wake states, sleep-preparation behavior is identified Posted: 05 Sep 2016 08:45 AM PDT A brain circuit that's indispensable to the sleep-wake cycle has now been identified by researchers. This same circuit is also a key component of the reward system, an archipelago of interconnected brain clusters crucial to promoting behavior necessary for animals, including humans, to survive and reproduce.

Device rapidly measures growth of single cells simultaneously Posted: 05 Sep 2016 08:45 AM PDT A new technique can precisely measure the growth of many individual cells simultaneously. The advance holds promise for fast drug tests, offers new insights into growth variation across single cells within larger populations, and helps track the dynamic growth of cells to changing environmental conditions.

Biochemists' discovery could lead to vaccine against 'flesh-eating' bacteria Posted: 05 Sep 2016 08:45 AM PDT Biochemists have uncovered patterns in the outer protein coat of group A Streptococcus that could finally lead to a vaccine against this highly infectious bacteria -- responsible for more than 500,000 deaths a year, including toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis or 'flesh-eating disease.'

How much do perfumes pollute? Pioneering study in the canals of Venice Posted: 05 Sep 2016 03:48 AM PDT Researchers have been investigating the canals to look for traces of these molecules which are referred to as 'perfumes ' in the ingredients of products that we use daily.

Discovery contributes to better understanding of acquired resistance to combination drug treatment in cancer Posted: 05 Sep 2016 03:48 AM PDT A new study on acquired resistance (AQR) to combination drug treatment in cancer has been conducted, with results demonstrating that the mechanisms of AQR for the combination drugs were different from that of the individual drugs. The findings from this study could potentially contribute to reducing AQR to combination drug treatment in cancer.

Whole brain radiotherapy offers little benefit to people whose lung cancer has spread to the brain, despite its widespread use Posted: 05 Sep 2016 03:44 AM PDT People with the most common type of lung cancer whose disease has spread to the brain could be spared potentially harmful whole brain radiotherapy, according to new research. The phase 3 randomized trial found that whole brain radiotherapy had no beneficial effect on length or quality of survival over treatment with steroids and other supportive care.

Cardioprotective drug helps prevent long-term heart damage in children receiving chemotherapy Posted: 05 Sep 2016 03:44 AM PDT A potent chemotherapy drug can be life saving for children with cancer, but a new review highlights how it can have long-lasting negative effects on the heart. A recent review also indicates that this chemotherapy-related heart damage may be prevented by a cardioprotective drug.

Physical activity reduces anxiety and depression in patients with COPD, study suggests Posted: 05 Sep 2016 03:44 AM PDT A new study shows that increased physical activity among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) reduces their risk of anxiety or depression.

Reduced fetal size linked to increased asthma risk and reduced lung function in children Posted: 05 Sep 2016 03:44 AM PDT New research shows that reduced fetal size is linked to increased asthma risk and reduced lung function in children aged 5 to 15 years.

Small study shows the effects of smoking on reducing calorie intake Posted: 05 Sep 2016 03:44 AM PDT A new study shows that smoking reduces calorie intake, possibly modulated by its effect on levels of the hormone ghrelin (also known as the hunger hormone).

Childhood BMI linked with asthma hospital admissions, but differs between men and women Posted: 05 Sep 2016 03:44 AM PDT Childhood body mass index (BMI) has been associated with hospital admissions for asthma in early adulthood, with overweight BMI measures increasing the risk of admission in women and underweight BMI measures increasing the risk in men.

Benralizumab injections reduce exacerbations in severe, uncontrolled asthma, according to two trials Posted: 05 Sep 2016 03:44 AM PDT A year's course of benralizumab injections has led to a significant decrease in the frequency of asthma exacerbations -- cutting the rate of exacerbations by a third to a half compared with placebo among people with the most severe form of asthma, according to two phase 3, double-blind, randomized controlled trials including more than 2,500 patients in total.

Artificial intelligence could improve diagnostic power of lung function tests Posted: 04 Sep 2016 03:12 PM PDT Artificial intelligence could improve the interpretation of lung function tests for the diagnosis of long-term lung diseases, according to the findings of a new study.

Asthma gene's effect on respiratory symptoms in infancy depends on breastfeeding status Posted: 04 Sep 2016 03:12 PM PDT Infants who have a genetic profile linked with asthma risk could be protected against respiratory symptoms if they are breastfeed, according to a new study.

New research method questions traditional efficacy trial model Posted: 04 Sep 2016 03:12 PM PDT Traditional efficacy trials have limited relevance to everyday clinical practice and should be changed, according the authors of a new study into chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatments.

Women at higher risk for alcoholic liver disease than men Posted: 02 Sep 2016 02:53 PM PDT Heavy drinking frequently causes liver inflammation and injury, and fatty acids (FAs) involved in pro- and anti-inflammatory responses could play a critical role in these processes. This study evaluated heavy drinking and changes in levels of omega-6 and omega-3 FAs in alcohol dependent (AD) patients who showed no clinical signs of liver injury.

New hope for new Crohn's disease treatment Posted: 02 Sep 2016 12:20 PM PDT Scientists have made a discovery that could potentially lead to treatments for a debilitating complication of Crohn's disease.

Gonorrhoea: Encouraging decrease in certain antibiotic resistance levels of gonococci across Europe Posted: 02 Sep 2016 08:12 AM PDT In 2014, the susceptibility of gonococci to two of the recommended antibiotics for gonorrhoea treatment has shown signs of improvement, according to recent results. At the same time, a significant increase in resistance to another antibiotic agent that is part of the suggested dual therapy of gonorrhea was observed.

Drugs in the water? Don't blame the students Posted: 01 Sep 2016 03:37 PM PDT A new study contradicts the common assumption that down-the-drain disposal is an important source of pharmaceutical pollution in wastewater.

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