ScienceDaily: Top News

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• New perovskite research discoveries may lead to solar cell, LED advances
• Battle of the sexes? Not when negotiating with friends
• National education reformers target local school boards
• Ross River virus battle breakthrough
• Corporate social responsibility can backfire if employees don’t think it’s genuine
• In eastern Tibetan forest, signs of tree growth amid climate change
• Incubating climate change research
• White racism tied to fatal heart disease for blacks and whites
• Thrive or fail: Examining forest resilience in the face of fires
• Risk to small children from family dog often underestimated
• Future fisheries can expect $10 billion revenue loss due to climate change
• Flying the flag for an airship revolution
• New tumor analysis method identifies high-risk prostate cancer
• Model maps out molecular roots of learning and memory formation
• Antibacterial ingredients in indoor dust could contribute to antibiotic resistance
• Cognitive function tests reliable for people with intellectual disabilities, research shows
• How fungi help trees tolerate drought
• Driving or talking? The brain concentrates on one thing at a time
• Snake eats lizard eats beetle: Fossil food chain from the Messel Pit examined
• En route to better transformers
• Maternal smoking could lead to an increased risk for Tourette syndrome, tic disorders
• New treatment strategy against Alzheimer’s disease?
• Potential role for vitamin A in pancreatic cancer discovered
• Link between weather, chronic pain is emerging through an innovative national smartphone research project
• New research supports hep C treatment for people who use drugs
• Computer simulation reveals p53 weak spots, opens new avenues against cancer
• More evidence that TV ads may influence kids' drinking
• Overcrowding forces pheasants to cooperate in Hawaii
• Migrating birds speed up in spring
• Factor isolated from babies' cord blood could treat harmful inflammation, sepsis
• PSA failure predicts risk of death only in healthy men
• New breed of optical soliton wave discovered
• Aerosol emissions in East Asia driven by consumption in developed countries
• Tuning the instrument: Spider webs as vibration transmission structures
• Healthcare corruption taken to task by technology, study shows
• Throughout history, humans have preferred their pigs to be black, suggests study
• Simulation study highlights potential driving risk posed by patients with obstructive sleep apnea
• Research reveals artificial thyroid cancer epidemic
• Recessions are harmful to health
• Twins should be delivered at 37 weeks to minimize deaths, say experts
• Irregular heartbeat linked to wider range of serious conditions than previously thought
• New sensor could help fight deadly bacterial infections
• Discovery creates future opportunity in quantum computing
• Steroid use linked to worse outcomes in Lyme disease-associated facial paralysis
• Corticosteroid use linked to worse outcomes for patients with lyme disease-associated facial paralysis
• New PET scan for prostate cancer patients
• A tail of gene expression
• Nano-lipid particles from edible ginger could improve drug delivery for colon cancer, study finds
• Beat the stock market by satisfying customers
• Consumers may search online for 30 days, but buy close to what they found on the first day
• Effect of summer melt on Greenland ice sheet
• Flowers critical link to bacteria transmission in wild bees
• NFL players' careers most affected by surgery to patellar tendon, Achilles tendon and ACL
• What are the challenges of implementing new TB screening guidelines?
• Project investigates malnutrition in children, liver impairments
• New article-level metric measures the influence of scientific research
• Extending primary care hours is linked to fewer emergency department visits
• Structure of mammalian protein complex of respiratory chain solved at atomic level
• Rumor patterns on social media during emergencies
• Early study shows malaria vaccine efficacy may improve by changing dosing schedule

New perovskite research discoveries may lead to solar cell, LED advances Posted: 07 Sep 2016 08:36 AM PDT 'Promising' and 'remarkable' are two words a scientist has used to describe recent research results on organolead mixed-halide perovskites. Perovskites are optically active, semiconducting compounds that are known to display intriguing electronic, light-emitting and chemical properties.

Battle of the sexes? Not when negotiating with friends Posted: 07 Sep 2016 08:36 AM PDT Women are as savvy and exacting as their male counterparts when negotiating with or on behalf of friends, finds a new study on women in the workplace.

National education reformers target local school boards Posted: 07 Sep 2016 08:36 AM PDT Local school board elections increasingly are becoming a national political battleground, as millions of dollars in campaign cash pours in from out-of-state donors in the name of education reform, indicates new research.

Ross River virus battle breakthrough Posted: 07 Sep 2016 08:35 AM PDT A potential new therapeutic treatment for the global battle against mosquito-borne alphavirus infections, including the debilitating Ross River virus and chikungunya virus, has been uncovered by scientists.

Corporate social responsibility can backfire if employees don’t think it’s genuine Posted: 07 Sep 2016 06:57 AM PDT A new study looks at what happens when a company's employees view its efforts related to corporate social responsibility as substantive (perceived to be other-serving and genuinely aimed at supporting the common good) or symbolic (perceived as self-serving and performed primarily for reputation and to enhance profits). Using three samples aggregating more than 1000 working adults, researchers developed and tested a measure of substantive and symbolic corporate social responsibility.

In eastern Tibetan forest, signs of tree growth amid climate change Posted: 07 Sep 2016 06:55 AM PDT Word of mouth from nomadic herders led Lucas Silva into Tibetan forests and grasslands. What his team found was startling: rapid forest growth in tune with what scientists had been expecting from climatic changes triggered by rising levels of carbon dioxide.

Incubating climate change research Posted: 07 Sep 2016 06:55 AM PDT A group of scientists have designed and built an inexpensive incubator that could boost research into how animals and plants will be affected by climate change.

White racism tied to fatal heart disease for blacks and whites Posted: 07 Sep 2016 06:55 AM PDT Living in unabashedly racist communities can shorten the lives of both blacks and whites, according to new research. Researchers compared the racial biases of nearly 1.4 million people nationwide to death rates in more than 1,700 U.S. counties. Their findings suggest that blacks and, to a lesser degree, whites who reside in overtly racist communities are more prone to dying from heart disease and other circulatory diseases.

Thrive or fail: Examining forest resilience in the face of fires Posted: 07 Sep 2016 06:54 AM PDT Scientists outline a framework to help scientists better test, understand and predict when forests are resilient enough to recover from fire or when a combination of conditions could tip the scales, drastically altering forest landscapes.

Risk to small children from family dog often underestimated Posted: 07 Sep 2016 06:54 AM PDT Dog bites suffered by young children are often inflicted by the family dog. Such incidents frequently occur despite the presence of an adult. A survey of dog owners shows that people underestimate risky situations involving the family dog.

Future fisheries can expect $10 billion revenue loss due to climate change Posted: 07 Sep 2016 06:54 AM PDT Global fisheries stand to lose approximately $10 billion of their annual revenue by 2050 if climate change continues unchecked, and countries that are most dependent on fisheries for food will be the hardest hit, finds new research.

Flying the flag for an airship revolution Posted: 07 Sep 2016 06:54 AM PDT The rise of freight airships could go down like a lead balloon with traditional aircraft companies but could also represent a new high for Asian companies seeking to exploit new ways to reach world markets, according to new research.

New tumor analysis method identifies high-risk prostate cancer Posted: 07 Sep 2016 06:54 AM PDT A new way to identify which prostate cancer patients are likely to develop aggressive types of the disease, even if their tumors at first appear to be lower risk, has been created by investigators. The new findings could help physicians prescribe the most effective treatments for each patient based on how genes are activated in the individual tumor.

Model maps out molecular roots of learning and memory formation Posted: 07 Sep 2016 06:54 AM PDT A team of researchers has built a mathematical model that describes the molecular events associated with the beginning stage of learning and memory formation in the human brain. The research paves the way for understanding cognitive function and neurodegenerative diseases -- at the molecular and cellular levels.

Antibacterial ingredients in indoor dust could contribute to antibiotic resistance Posted: 07 Sep 2016 06:54 AM PDT Antibiotic-resistant bacteria, known as 'superbugs,' pose a major public health threat. Some officials have even warned of a post-antibiotic -- and sicker -- era. To better understand the problem, researchers have been piecing together its contributing factors. Now, scientists report for the first time a link between antimicrobial substances such as triclosan in indoor dust and levels of antibiotic-resistance genes, which can transfer from one bacterial cell to another.

Cognitive function tests reliable for people with intellectual disabilities, research shows Posted: 07 Sep 2016 05:22 AM PDT A battery of tests appears to have strong potential for measuring cognitive changes over time for people with intellectual disabilities, research concludes. The work could open new doors to research into whether drugs and specialized educational programs or treatments can improve function in people with Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome and other causes of intellectual disabilities.

How fungi help trees tolerate drought Posted: 07 Sep 2016 05:22 AM PDT Specific adaptations in the transcriptome of the most common ectomycorrhizal fungus could help their hosts be more resistant to drought stress, a finding that could be useful in developing more plant feedstocks for bioenergy amidst the changing climate.

Driving or talking? The brain concentrates on one thing at a time Posted: 07 Sep 2016 05:20 AM PDT When we are busy with something that requires the use of sight, the brain reduces hearing to make it easy for us, concludes a new study. The results give researchers a deeper understanding of what happens in the brain when we concentrate on something.

Snake eats lizard eats beetle: Fossil food chain from the Messel Pit examined Posted: 07 Sep 2016 05:20 AM PDT Scientists have examined a spectacular discovery from the UNESCO World Heritage site Messel Pit: A fossil snake in whose stomach a lizard can be seen, which in turn had consumed a beetle. The discovery of the approximately 48-million-year-old tripartite fossil food chain is unique for Messel; worldwide, only one single comparable piece exists.

En route to better transformers Posted: 07 Sep 2016 05:19 AM PDT Researchers have found a way of looking inside the iron core of transformers. Transformers are indispensable in regulating electricity both in industry and in domestic households. The better their iron cores are magnetized, the less energy they lose and the more efficiently they work. The groundbreaking investigatory method of neutron grating interferometry developed at the PSI has opened up the possibility of observing magnetic domains at work as they establish magnetic fields inside the iron core. This is a significant step towards understanding how transformers work.

Maternal smoking could lead to an increased risk for Tourette syndrome, tic disorders Posted: 07 Sep 2016 05:19 AM PDT An association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and an increased risk for Tourette syndrome and other chronic tic disorders has been uncovered by researchers. The link seems especially strong for complex presentations of Tourette syndrome in which two or more psychiatric disorders are present.

New treatment strategy against Alzheimer’s disease? Posted: 07 Sep 2016 05:19 AM PDT New research suggests that Alzheimer's disease may trigger increased expression of an enzyme called lysozyme, which attempts to counteract amyloid build-up in the brain.

Potential role for vitamin A in pancreatic cancer discovered Posted: 07 Sep 2016 05:19 AM PDT Vitamin A may have a role to play in tackling the commonest form of pancreatic cancer, scientists have discovered. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common type of malignancy of the pancreas, is extremely aggressive and very difficult to treat. Many scientists are currently investigating the genetic mutations and biochemical signalling pathways that enable cancer cells to spread to other parts of the body.

Link between weather, chronic pain is emerging through an innovative national smartphone research project Posted: 07 Sep 2016 05:19 AM PDT Preliminary findings from a mass participation study have indicated a link between weather conditions – specifically rain and lack of sunshine – and chronic pain.

New research supports hep C treatment for people who use drugs Posted: 07 Sep 2016 05:17 AM PDT Global health experts are today are calling for the removal of restrictions preventing people who use drugs from accessing new hepatitis C cures. So long as these restrictions exist, the goal of disease elimination will remain out of reach, they say.

Computer simulation reveals p53 weak spots, opens new avenues against cancer Posted: 07 Sep 2016 05:17 AM PDT Using microsecond timescale molecular dynamics simulations, a new study reveals p53 weak spots and sheds light on the protein instability, which is linked to its tendency to aggregate and form amyloid structures.

More evidence that TV ads may influence kids' drinking Posted: 07 Sep 2016 05:17 AM PDT The more advertising kids see for particular brands of alcohol, the more they consume of those brands, according to a new study. The work adds to evidence linking alcohol advertising to underage drinking. And it suggests that TV ads really do influence the amount of alcohol kids drink.

Overcrowding forces pheasants to cooperate in Hawaii Posted: 07 Sep 2016 05:17 AM PDT 'Survival of the fittest' usually means that animals put their own needs first, but occasionally it pays to work together. A new study describes an unusual example of cooperative breeding in an introduced pheasant population in Hawaii, where young males help care for chicks and defend against intruders rather than striking out on their own.

Migrating birds speed up in spring Posted: 07 Sep 2016 05:17 AM PDT It turns out being the early bird really does have its advantages. A new study shows that migrating birds fly faster and put more effort into staying on course in spring than in fall, racing to arrive to their breeding grounds as soon as possible to get an edge in raising the next generation.

Factor isolated from babies' cord blood could treat harmful inflammation, sepsis Posted: 06 Sep 2016 06:39 PM PDT A factor found in umbilical cord blood could become the basis for developing new drugs to fight harmful inflammation, researchers report. When given to mice, the newly discovered factor countered signs of inflammation and sepsis, such as fever, fluctuations in respiratory rate, and death. The factor circulates in the blood of newborns for about two weeks after birth and is not found in older babies or adults, according to the study.

PSA failure predicts risk of death only in healthy men Posted: 06 Sep 2016 06:36 PM PDT A rise in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in healthy men who have previously been treated for prostate cancer is significantly associated with a 1.6-fold increased risk of death, a new study has found.

New breed of optical soliton wave discovered Posted: 06 Sep 2016 06:36 PM PDT Sharks and minnows: Scientists discover an optical soliton wave that rides with and feeds off of other soliton waves, much like a pilot fish with a shark.

Aerosol emissions in East Asia driven by consumption in developed countries Posted: 06 Sep 2016 06:35 PM PDT Much of the influence on climate from air pollution in East Asia is driven by consumption in the developed countries of Western Europe and North America, according to research by atmospheric scientists.

Tuning the instrument: Spider webs as vibration transmission structures Posted: 06 Sep 2016 06:35 PM PDT Two years ago, scientists revealed that, when plucked like a guitar string, spider silk transmits vibrations across a wide range of frequencies, carrying information about prey, mates and even the structural integrity of a web. Now, a new collaboration has confirmed that spider webs are superbly tuned instruments for vibration transmission -- and that the type of information being sent can be controlled by adjusting factors such as web tension and stiffness.

Healthcare corruption taken to task by technology, study shows Posted: 06 Sep 2016 06:31 PM PDT Mobile phone technology could help to beat bad practices in healthcare delivery, research suggests. Innovations such as apps offer opportunities for improving governance in the healthcare sector, particularly in low and middle income countries, the study found.

Throughout history, humans have preferred their pigs to be black, suggests study Posted: 06 Sep 2016 06:31 PM PDT An international team of researchers studied the mitochondrial DNA and MC1R gene sequences in tissue samples collected from 57 modern feral Hawaiian pigs. They found a novel mutation in all the black-colored pigs which is different to the mutation in European and Asian domestic pigs with black coats. This finding suggests that for thousands of years, humans in different parts of the world have been independently selecting and breeding pigs for their black color.

Simulation study highlights potential driving risk posed by patients with obstructive sleep apnea Posted: 06 Sep 2016 06:31 PM PDT The potential driving risk posed by patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is highlighted in a simulation study.

Research reveals artificial thyroid cancer epidemic Posted: 06 Sep 2016 06:31 PM PDT Doctors around the world are over diagnosing the most common thyroid cancer, creating an artificial epidemic that costs billions of dollars each year in unnecessary medical costs, suggests new research.

Recessions are harmful to health Posted: 06 Sep 2016 06:31 PM PDT A review of studies investigating the 2008 recession in Europe show it was associated with adverse health outcomes, particularly for suicides and mental health problems, finds a study.

Twins should be delivered at 37 weeks to minimize deaths, say experts Posted: 06 Sep 2016 06:31 PM PDT Twins should be delivered at 37 weeks' gestation to minimize stillbirths and newborn deaths, and there is no clear evidence to support routine delivery before 36 weeks' gestation, finds a large international study.

Irregular heartbeat linked to wider range of serious conditions than previously thought Posted: 06 Sep 2016 06:31 PM PDT An irregular heartbeat (known as atrial fibrillation) is associated with a wide range of serious events, including heart attacks, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and sudden cardiac death, finds a large study.

New sensor could help fight deadly bacterial infections Posted: 06 Sep 2016 03:21 PM PDT Scientists have built a new sensor that can detect the potentially deadly E.coli bacteria in 15-20 minutes, much faster than traditional lab tests.

Discovery creates future opportunity in quantum computing Posted: 06 Sep 2016 03:21 PM PDT Perovskite systems have been shown to be highly efficient at converting sunlight to electricity. Now, scientists have discovered a new use for perovskites that runs counter to the intended usage of the hybrid organic-inorganic material.

Steroid use linked to worse outcomes in Lyme disease-associated facial paralysis Posted: 06 Sep 2016 03:21 PM PDT Researchers have found that patients who were prescribed corticosteroids as part of treatment for Lyme disease-associated facial paralysis had worse long-term outcomes of regaining facial function than those who were prescribed antibiotic therapy alone. Based on these findings the researchers urge caution in prescribing corticosteroids to patients with acute Lyme disease-associated facial paralysis.

Corticosteroid use linked to worse outcomes for patients with lyme disease-associated facial paralysis Posted: 06 Sep 2016 11:58 AM PDT Patients who were prescribed corticosteroids as part of treatment for Lyme disease-associated facial paralysis had worse long-term outcomes of regaining facial function than those who were prescribed antibiotic therapy alone, new research shows. Based on these findings, the researchers urge caution in prescribing corticosteroids to patients with acute Lyme disease-associated facial paralysis.

New PET scan for prostate cancer patients Posted: 06 Sep 2016 11:58 AM PDT A new effective PET/CT scan for prostate cancer patients can detect the location and extent of cancer that has recurred after initial treatment. Prostate PET/CT scans can detect cancer earlier than either CT scans alone or MRI scans.

A tail of gene expression Posted: 06 Sep 2016 11:57 AM PDT Messenger molecules that convey instructions from DNA to protein factories for protein synthesis require special molecular tails for their stability and function. Now, scientists have found that many messenger molecules in the flatworm Schmidtea mediterranea have alternate forms that vary in the lengths and positions of their tails.

Nano-lipid particles from edible ginger could improve drug delivery for colon cancer, study finds Posted: 06 Sep 2016 11:57 AM PDT Edible ginger-derived nano-lipids created from a specific population of ginger nanoparticles show promise for effectively targeting and delivering chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat colon cancer, according to a study.

Beat the stock market by satisfying customers Posted: 06 Sep 2016 11:57 AM PDT Satisfy your customers and win in the stock market, says a new study by a team of researchers who found positive stock returns on customer satisfaction far out-distance competitive market measures that have been in play for more than half a century.

Consumers may search online for 30 days, but buy close to what they found on the first day Posted: 06 Sep 2016 11:57 AM PDT Retailers and advertisers are keen to influence the search and final purchase through better product recommendations and targeted advertising. A new article studies online search and purchase behavior of consumers in the digital camera category and finds that even though consumers may search for extended periods of time, what they purchase tends to be remarkably close to items they searched and found in their very first search.

Effect of summer melt on Greenland ice sheet Posted: 06 Sep 2016 11:56 AM PDT Operation IceBridge, NASA's airborne survey of polar ice, is flying in Greenland for the second time this year, to observe the impact of the summer melt season on the ice sheet.

Flowers critical link to bacteria transmission in wild bees Posted: 06 Sep 2016 11:56 AM PDT Flowers are a hot spot of transmission of bacteria that end up in the microbiome of wild bees, new research has found. The work shows for the first time that multiple flower and wild bee species share several of the same types of bacteria. Bees therefore obtain both food and bacteria from flowers. These bacteria may play important roles in bee health.

NFL players' careers most affected by surgery to patellar tendon, Achilles tendon and ACL Posted: 06 Sep 2016 11:56 AM PDT The first comprehensive injury database that compares return-to-play rate and performance-based outcomes in NFL players who had orthopaedic surgery has now been released. Nearly 80 percent of the 559 players included in the database returned to play after surgery. Surgery for tendon injuries results in worse career trajectory than with other surgeries, say the authors, emphasizing that understanding performance outcomes may lead to alterations in training regimens and help guide postoperative expectations for an athlete's career

What are the challenges of implementing new TB screening guidelines? Posted: 06 Sep 2016 11:56 AM PDT An editorial accompanies the publication of new US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) screening recommendations for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection in primary care settings. The editorial points out the urgent need for TB-related research to identify new tools and diagnostics that will identify patients who are at high risk from progressing from latent TB infection to active TB disease.

Project investigates malnutrition in children, liver impairments Posted: 06 Sep 2016 11:55 AM PDT A gene, PEX2, has been identified as an essential requirement for the loss of peroxisomes in cells cultured without enough nutrients. The study's findings contribute to a project on novel treatment strategies for severely malnourished children.

New article-level metric measures the influence of scientific research Posted: 06 Sep 2016 11:55 AM PDT Scientists have developed a new metric, known as the Relative Citation Ratio, which will allow researchers and funders to quantify and compare the influence of a scientific article. RCR measures a scientific publication's influence in a way that is article-level and field-independent.

Extending primary care hours is linked to fewer emergency department visits Posted: 06 Sep 2016 11:55 AM PDT Keeping primary care practices open for more hours on nights and weekends was linked to a reduction in patient-initiated emergency department visits for minor problems, according to a new study.

Structure of mammalian protein complex of respiratory chain solved at atomic level Posted: 06 Sep 2016 10:16 AM PDT The mitochondrial Complex I plays a central role in cellular respiration and energy metabolism. The ~1 Megadalton L-shaped protein complex is the largest protein assembly of the respiratory chain and now the largest asymmetric membrane protein assembly solved to date.

Rumor patterns on social media during emergencies Posted: 06 Sep 2016 10:16 AM PDT Chat and social media apps like WhatsApp and Facebook have drastically sped up the pace of rumor proliferation during emergencies. This research was conducted in real-time to identify the rumors that had spread on WhatsApp in Israel, but mainly to trace their source and the people disseminating them.

Early study shows malaria vaccine efficacy may improve by changing dosing schedule Posted: 06 Sep 2016 10:16 AM PDT Researchers recently published results of a phase II study which demonstrated that by changing the dosing regimen, the efficacy of malaria vaccine candidate, RTS,S/AS01, was improved to approximately 87 percent, compared with 63 percent using the current standard regimen.

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