ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Eating your greens could enhance sport performance
• Scavenger cells repair muscle fibers
• Roundworms even more useful than researchers previously thought
• For normal heart function, look beyond the genes
• Treating persistent depression in older adults
• Severe burns, injuries from e-cigarette explosions go under-reported across the country
• Researchers map prostate cancer relapse using C-11 Choline PET and MRI
• Scientists identify new lead in search for Parkinson's cure
• Jet-lag is given the swerve by adjusting meal times on the ground, find researchers
• New method to detect aging cells, and aid rejuvenation therapies, developed by researchers
• Genome: It's all about architecture
• EBV-derived microRNAs silence immune alarm signals of the host cell
• Epigenetics provides new insights into the pathogenesis of lymphoma
• Vitamin E may prevent pneumonia in nonsmoking elderly men
• Revising the meaning of 'prion'
• Curing inherited disease by running a stop sign
• New technology helps pinpoint sources of water contamination
• Family Drug and Alcohol Court's 'humane' approach keeps more families together
• Exercise releases hormone that helps shed, prevent fat
• Low lead levels in children negatively affect test scores
• Ability to process speech declines with age
• Scientists find new path in brain to ease depression
• Culex mosquitoes do not transmit zika virus, study finds
• Sex before sport doesn't negatively impact performance
• Psychotherapy sessions are best in the morning when levels of helpful hormone are high
• Stimulating neurons could protect against brain damage
• Developing brain regions in children hardest hit by sleep deprivation
• Disease-causing gut bacteria common in children
• Bladder cancer research rife with new approaches
• Antibody drug conjugates may help personalize radiotherapy for patients with cancer
• NFL players get back in the game after upper spine surgery
• Certain LDL-C-lowering genetic variants associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes
• Use of therapeutic hypothermia and outcomes following in-hospital cardiac arrest
• Study compares treatments for urinary incontinence in women
• Gum disease genes identified by researchers
• Breast density matters in detection of breast cancer
• Researchers identify a key molecule in psoriasis development
• Fast lab-on-chip detects effects of poison
• Can you zap your brain back to health?
• Prions can pass on beneficial traits
• Exercise treadmills significant cause of hand burns in children

Eating your greens could enhance sport performance Posted: 05 Oct 2016 08:00 AM PDT Nitrate supplementation in conjunction with Sprint Interval Training in low oxygen conditions could enhance sport performance a study has found.

Scavenger cells repair muscle fibers Posted: 05 Oct 2016 07:55 AM PDT Everybody knows the burning sensation in the legs when climbing down a steep slope for a long time. It is caused by microruptures in the cell membrane of our muscle fibers. These holes in the cell envelopes must be closed as soon as possible as otherwise muscle cells will die off. Researchers were now able to observe this repair process using high-resolution real-time microscopy. It only takes a few seconds until proteins from the inside of the injured cell form a repair patch that finally closes the hole in the membrane. The researchers have now demonstrated that scavenger cells moving around within the muscle virtually perform nano-surgery to remove this repair patch later and restore the normal cell membrane structure.

Roundworms even more useful than researchers previously thought Posted: 05 Oct 2016 06:26 AM PDT The one millimetre long roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans has been used as a model organism in scientific research, and has therefore been extensively examined. A research group has now demonstrated that the worm is an even more complete model system than previously thought, which could enable more detailed research into areas such as early embryonic development.

For normal heart function, look beyond the genes Posted: 05 Oct 2016 06:16 AM PDT Researchers have shown that when parts of a genome known as enhancers are missing, the heart works abnormally, a finding that bolsters the importance of DNA segments once considered "junk" because they do not code for specific proteins.

Treating persistent depression in older adults Posted: 05 Oct 2016 05:43 AM PDT A $13.9 million grant has been awarded to evaluate treatment strategies for older adults with depression who have not responded to medications.

Severe burns, injuries from e-cigarette explosions go under-reported across the country Posted: 05 Oct 2016 05:43 AM PDT Doctors and public health officials differ on the potential long-term effects of vaping and the use of e-cigarettes as smoking cessation tools. But they agree the devices shouldn't explode in your face.

Researchers map prostate cancer relapse using C-11 Choline PET and MRI Posted: 05 Oct 2016 05:43 AM PDT A team of researchers has, for the first time, successfully mapped patterns of prostate cancer recurrence, following surgery. Using C-11 choline PET imaging and multiparametric MRI, researchers found an anatomically diverse pattern of recurrence, which may help optimize treatment of patients whose prostate cancer returns after surgery.

Scientists identify new lead in search for Parkinson's cure Posted: 05 Oct 2016 05:43 AM PDT A protein that may safeguard neurons from the ravages of Parkinson's disease has been identified by a team of scientists. Parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder that takes years to develop. A better understanding of Prokineticin-2 could turn up a means of slowing development of the disease or lead to new therapies, say the investigators.

Jet-lag is given the swerve by adjusting meal times on the ground, find researchers Posted: 05 Oct 2016 05:40 AM PDT Traditionally cabin crew rely on sleep strategies (sleeping in a dark room, avoiding caffeine before bedtime etc) to alleviate jetlag, but these do not reset body clocks. New research suggests that long-haul cabin crew can ease symptoms of jetlag by regulating meal times on their days off.

New method to detect aging cells, and aid rejuvenation therapies, developed by researchers Posted: 05 Oct 2016 05:40 AM PDT Scientists have discovered a new way to look for aging cells across a wide range of biological materials. The new method will boost understanding of cellular development and aging as well as the causes of diverse diseases.

Genome: It's all about architecture Posted: 05 Oct 2016 05:36 AM PDT Many serious diseases such as malaria or AIDS present a major challenge for medicine because the causative pathogens use the same strategy although they are completely different: by camouflaging themselves they evade the immune system.

EBV-derived microRNAs silence immune alarm signals of the host cell Posted: 05 Oct 2016 05:36 AM PDT Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) prevents infected cells from being attacked by the immune system. The virus drives production of small molecules, so-called microRNAs, that suppress alarm signals sent out by the infected cell. Scientists have elucidated this previously unknown mechanism.

Epigenetics provides new insights into the pathogenesis of lymphoma Posted: 05 Oct 2016 05:36 AM PDT Cancer cells have a different DNA methylation pattern from that of healthy cells. These patterns can be used to explain tumor-specific deviations in gene expression and to identify biomarkers for the detection of tumors, as well as associated prognosis and treatment planning. This is all possible thanks to epigenetics. Epigenetics looks at special regulation mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, which determine the gene expression pattern of different types of cell and are passed on to daughter cells, without there being any specific changes to the DNA base sequence. Using this technology, it is now also possible to identify the original tumor cells, by comparing them with healthy cells.

Vitamin E may prevent pneumonia in nonsmoking elderly men Posted: 05 Oct 2016 05:36 AM PDT Administration of 50 mg per day of vitamin E decreased the risk of pneumonia in elderly male smokers by 72% after they quit smoking, according to a new article.

Revising the meaning of 'prion' Posted: 04 Oct 2016 07:41 PM PDT Using an unbiased screen in yeast, a team of scientists have identified dozens of prion-like proteins that could change the defining characteristics of these unusual proteins.

Curing inherited disease by running a stop sign Posted: 04 Oct 2016 07:41 PM PDT New insight has been gained into the mechanism of action of the drug ataluren, which is showing promise in treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy and cystic fibrosis.

New technology helps pinpoint sources of water contamination Posted: 04 Oct 2016 11:15 AM PDT When the local water management agency closes your favorite beach due to unhealthy water quality, how reliable are the tests they base their decisions on? As it turns out, those tests, as well as the standards behind them, have not been updated in decades. Now scientists have developed a highly accurate, DNA-based method to detect and distinguish sources of microbial contamination in water.

Family Drug and Alcohol Court's 'humane' approach keeps more families together Posted: 04 Oct 2016 10:27 AM PDT Mothers reunited with their children after care proceedings in the Family Drug and Alcohol Court (FDAC) are more likely to stay off drugs and alcohol for longer and their family life less likely to be disrupted when compared with cases heard in ordinary care proceedings, a study shows.

Exercise releases hormone that helps shed, prevent fat Posted: 04 Oct 2016 10:08 AM PDT If a workout feels like more pain than gain, here's some motivation: Exercise releases a hormone that helps the body shed fat and keeps it from forming.

Low lead levels in children negatively affect test scores Posted: 04 Oct 2016 10:07 AM PDT Lead exposure among preschoolers can predict low reading scores in subsequent years, a new study using data from Rhode Island's lead-abatement program and repeated blood lead level tests has found.

Ability to process speech declines with age Posted: 04 Oct 2016 10:03 AM PDT Researchers have found clues to the causes of age-related hearing loss. The ability to track and understand speech in both quiet and noisy environments deteriorates due in part to speech processing declines in both the midbrain and cortex in older adults.

Scientists find new path in brain to ease depression Posted: 04 Oct 2016 10:03 AM PDT Scientists have discovered a new pathway in the brain that can be manipulated to alleviate depression. The pathway offers a promising new target for developing a drug that could be effective in individuals for whom other antidepressants have failed.

Culex mosquitoes do not transmit zika virus, study finds Posted: 04 Oct 2016 09:13 AM PDT A new study has found important results in the fight against Zika virus: Culex mosquitoes do not appear to transmit Zika virus.

Sex before sport doesn't negatively impact performance Posted: 04 Oct 2016 09:10 AM PDT Over the course of the Rio Olympics, 450,000 condoms were distributed around the athlete's village. This may be surprising considering the common view that abstinence from sexual activity can boost athletic performance. These long-standing views have now been challenged by a recent analysis of current scientific evidence.

Psychotherapy sessions are best in the morning when levels of helpful hormone are high Posted: 04 Oct 2016 09:09 AM PDT Patients make more progress toward overcoming anxiety, fears and phobias when their therapy sessions are scheduled in the morning, new research suggests.

Stimulating neurons could protect against brain damage Posted: 04 Oct 2016 09:04 AM PDT A breakthrough in understanding how brain damage spreads – and how it could potentially be limited – has been made through a collaboration between neuroscientists and engineers.

Developing brain regions in children hardest hit by sleep deprivation Posted: 04 Oct 2016 08:45 AM PDT Sleep is vital for humans. If adults remain awake for longer than usual, the brain responds with an increased need for deep sleep. This is measured in the form of "slow wave activity" using electroencephalography (EEG). In adults, these deep-sleep waves are most pronounced in the prefrontal cortex -- the brain region which plans and controls actions, solves problems and is involved in the working memory.

Disease-causing gut bacteria common in children Posted: 04 Oct 2016 08:29 AM PDT A type of bacteria, which can cause diarrhea and inhibit growth in children in developing countries, has been found in 14% of a sample of children in an industrialized country. However, the children had only mild gastrointestinal symptoms or no symptoms at all. Understanding why is the next step for these researchers.

Bladder cancer research rife with new approaches Posted: 04 Oct 2016 08:17 AM PDT The FDA approval of Tecentriq ushered in the first new treatment for advanced bladder cancer in 30 years.

Antibody drug conjugates may help personalize radiotherapy for patients with cancer Posted: 04 Oct 2016 08:16 AM PDT Many types of cancer become drug resistant, making them difficult to treat. Researchers have identified a strategy to selectively sensitize certain cancer cells to radiation therapy that may improve tumor control and reduce treatment-related side effects.

NFL players get back in the game after upper spine surgery Posted: 04 Oct 2016 08:16 AM PDT The majority of U.S. National Football League (NFL) players who undergo surgery for a herniated disc in the upper (cervical) spine are able to resume their careers and perform at a high level, suggests a study.

Certain LDL-C-lowering genetic variants associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes Posted: 04 Oct 2016 08:16 AM PDT The associations with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering genetic variants have been the focus of recent study.

Use of therapeutic hypothermia and outcomes following in-hospital cardiac arrest Posted: 04 Oct 2016 08:16 AM PDT A new study evaluated the association of hypothermia treatment with survival to hospital discharge and with favorable neurological survival at hospital discharge among patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Study compares treatments for urinary incontinence in women Posted: 04 Oct 2016 08:16 AM PDT Investigators assessed whether injection of onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox A) is superior to sacral neuromodulation (use of an implanted electrode for bladder control) in controlling episodes of refractory urgency urinary incontinence in women.

Gum disease genes identified by researchers Posted: 04 Oct 2016 07:36 AM PDT 41 master regulator genes have been identified that may cause gum disease, also known as periodontal disease. Identification of the genes represents a vital step toward developing compounds that can be used in targeted, individualized treatment of severe periodontitis, before loss of teeth and supportive bone occurs, say the researchers.

Breast density matters in detection of breast cancer Posted: 04 Oct 2016 07:36 AM PDT Almost 8% of women have extremely high breast density, which can make it harder for health professionals to detect breast cancer on a screening mammogram. These women are also more likely to develop breast cancer in the future, research shows.

Researchers identify a key molecule in psoriasis development Posted: 04 Oct 2016 07:33 AM PDT A potential therapeutic target for the treatment of psoriasis has been identified. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin that affects up to a 2% of the population and which has still no cure. The study shows that the TREX2 gene has a relevant role in the inflammatory response that develops during the illness.

Fast lab-on-chip detects effects of poison Posted: 04 Oct 2016 07:33 AM PDT A new lab-on-a-chip system is capable of fast analysis of the effects of toxic substances on hemoglobin, for example. It mimicks human metabolism.

Can you zap your brain back to health? Posted: 04 Oct 2016 06:04 AM PDT Rather than taking medication, a growing number of people who suffer from chronic pain, epilepsy and drug cravings are zapping their skulls in the hopes that a weak electric current will jolt them back to health. Here's the issue: Until now, scientists have been unable to look under the hood of this DIY therapeutic technique to understand what is happening.

Prions can pass on beneficial traits Posted: 03 Oct 2016 03:47 PM PDT Researchers have found nearly 50 helpful prions in yeast and comparable proteins in humans, suggesting that this dreaded protein type can boost survival and plays a role in evolution.

Exercise treadmills significant cause of hand burns in children Posted: 03 Oct 2016 11:22 AM PDT More than 12,000 children are treated in emergency departments for home exercise equipment-related injuries in the United States each year, a new study shows. A majority of the injuries are from the hand getting stuck in the treadmill and a running belt causing a friction burn.

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