الأحد، 30 أكتوبر 2016

ScienceDaily: Top News

ScienceDaily: Top News

Technique reveals the basis for machine-learning systems' decisions

Posted: 28 Oct 2016 01:22 PM PDT

In recent years, the best-performing systems in artificial-intelligence research have come courtesy of neural networks, which look for patterns in training data that yield useful predictions or classifications. Now researchers present a new way to train neural networks so that they provide not only predictions and classifications but rationales for their decisions.

When it comes to atomic-scale manufacturing, less really is more

Posted: 28 Oct 2016 01:21 PM PDT

Electrical currents can be now be switched on and off at the smallest conceivable scale enabling a new generation of 'green electronics' with the potential for great impact on the digital economy.

A tiny machine: Infinitesimal computing device

Posted: 28 Oct 2016 01:20 PM PDT

Electrical and computer engineers have developed a design for a functional nanoscale computing device. The concept involves a dense, three-dimensional circuit operating on an unconventional type of logic that could, theoretically, be packed into a block no bigger than 50 nanometers on any side.

See how Arctic sea ice is losing its bulwark against warming summers

Posted: 28 Oct 2016 01:19 PM PDT

Arctic sea ice, the vast sheath of frozen seawater floating on the Arctic Ocean and its neighboring seas, has been hit with a double whammy over the past decades: as its extent shrunk, the oldest and thickest ice has either thinned or melted away, leaving the sea ice cap more vulnerable to the warming ocean and atmosphere.

Treadmill running with heavier shoes tied to slower race times

Posted: 28 Oct 2016 01:18 PM PDT

It makes sense that running with heavier shoes on will cause you to exert more energy than running with lighter shoes. That was proven several decades ago. But does using more energy while running with heavier shoes translate into slower running times? That's also a yes, say researchers who designed a clever study to show that running times slow when running shoe weight is increased, even if only by a few ounces.

Autism spectrum disorder linked to mutations in some mitochondrial DNA

Posted: 28 Oct 2016 01:17 PM PDT

Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have greater numbers of harmful mutations in their mitochondrial DNA than family members, researchers report.

Colorado River's dead clams tell tales of carbon emission

Posted: 28 Oct 2016 11:21 AM PDT

Scientists have begun to account for the topsy-turvy carbon cycle of the Colorado River delta – once a massive green estuary of grassland, marshes and cottonwood, now desiccated dead land.

Exploring the evolution of spider venom to improve human health

Posted: 28 Oct 2016 06:01 AM PDT

More than 46,000 species of spiders creepy crawl across the globe. Each one produces a venom composed of an average of 500 distinct toxins, putting the conservative estimate of unique venom compounds at more than 22 million. Researchers are studying these toxins to increase our understanding of the evolution of spider venom and contribute to the development of new medicines, anti-venoms and research tools.

Stability of exhausted T cells limits durability of cancer checkpoint drugs

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 11:33 AM PDT

Reinvigorating exhausted T cells in mice using a PD-L1 blockade caused very few T memory cells to develop. After the blockade, re-invigorated T cells became re-exhausted if antigen from the virus remained high, and failed to become memory T cells when the virus was cleared, report scientists.
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