ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Skipping breakfast and not enough sleep can make children overweight
• Victims of childhood bullying more likely to be overweight as young adults
• Traumatic stress changes brains of boys, girls differently
• Protozoan parasite increases risk of colitis, study reveals
• Brain development: How a 'molecular compass' regulates proper cell division
• Skin bacteria could protect against disease
• New findings show promise for treatment of Graves' disease and other ocular disorders
• Link between constipation, kidney disease uncovered
• Sponge on a string test could replace endoscopies
• Global progress on reducing child deaths largely due to fewer cases of pneumonia, diarrhea, death during birth, malaria and measles
• Scientists create heart cells better, faster, stronger
• New eye pressure test could prevent vision loss in older adults
• 'Exceptional' nanosensor architecture based on exceptional points
• Repeatedly thinking about work-family conflict linked to health problems
• Will unanticipated genetic mutations lead to subsequent disease?
• Predators can drive increase in virus populations
• Increased smartphone screen-time associated with lower sleep quality
• DNA sequencing determines lymphoma origin, prognosis
• Particle clusters named a culprit in premature birth
• Multi-drug resistant infection spreading globally among cystic fibrosis patients
• Arthritis drug boosts effectiveness of antidepressant medication
• Huperzine A provides seizure protection in genetic epilepsy models
• How a common virus triggers blood cancer
• Fatty liver disease contributes to cardiovascular disease and vice versa
• Researchers develop inhibitors for autoimmune-relevant enzyme
• Pneumonia, diarrhea continue to kill hundreds of thousands of young children in many countries
• Researchers advance treatment of tuberculosis by targeting new enzyme
• Tiny barcodes provide huge advance in personalized cancer therapy
• Licorice compound interferes with sex hormones in ovary
• Presurgical endocrine therapy less toxic than chemotherapy for ER-positive breast cancer
• Probable scientific misconduct in bone health studies, new study suggests
• Key protein in prostate cancer energy production identified
• Novel method to identify illicit designer drugs developed

Skipping breakfast and not enough sleep can make children overweight Posted: 11 Nov 2016 10:29 AM PST Mothers smoking in pregnancy, children skipping breakfast and not having a regular bedtime or sufficient sleep all appear to be important factors in predicting whether a child will become overweight or obese, report investigators.

Victims of childhood bullying more likely to be overweight as young adults Posted: 11 Nov 2016 10:22 AM PST Children who are bullied in primary and secondary school are nearly twice as likely to be overweight at the age of 18 than non-bullied children, according to a new study.

Traumatic stress changes brains of boys, girls differently Posted: 11 Nov 2016 10:20 AM PST Traumatic stress affects the brains of adolescent boys and girls differently, according to a new brain-scanning study. Among youth with post-traumatic stress disorder, the study found structural differences between the sexes in one part of the insula, a brain region that detects cues from the body and processes emotions and empathy. The insula helps to integrate one's feelings, actions and several other brain functions.

Protozoan parasite increases risk of colitis, study reveals Posted: 11 Nov 2016 09:11 AM PST Mice infected with the common gut parasite Tritrichomonas muris are at an increased risk of developing inflammatory colitis, new research shows. These findings expand the type of gut-resident microorganism that can affect the health of their host and suggest that related parasites may cause gastrointestinal disease in humans.

Brain development: How a 'molecular compass' regulates proper cell division Posted: 11 Nov 2016 09:07 AM PST Researchers have unraveled how a tiny microRNA molecule controls growth and differentiation of brain cells.

Skin bacteria could protect against disease Posted: 11 Nov 2016 09:07 AM PST There are more and more examples of the ways in which we can benefit from our bacteria. According to new research, this is true for the skin as well. The work has shown that the most common bacteria on human skin secrete a protein which protects us from the reactive oxygen species thought to contribute to several skin diseases. The protein has an equally strong effect on dangerous oxygen species as known antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E.

New findings show promise for treatment of Graves' disease and other ocular disorders Posted: 11 Nov 2016 09:07 AM PST Aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands that block myofibroblast formation and collagen production in thyroid eye disease may be the key, according to a new report.

Link between constipation, kidney disease uncovered Posted: 10 Nov 2016 06:30 PM PST Individuals with constipation had a 13% higher likelihood of developing chronic kidney disease and a 9% higher likelihood of developing kidney failure compared with individuals without constipation, report investigators. More severe constipation was linked with an incrementally higher risk for both chronic kidney disease and kidney failure.

Sponge on a string test could replace endoscopies Posted: 10 Nov 2016 06:27 PM PST A 'sponge on a string' pill test can identify which people with a condition called Barrett's esophagus have a low risk of developing esophageal cancer - sparing them uncomfortable endoscopies.

Global progress on reducing child deaths largely due to fewer cases of pneumonia, diarrhea, death during birth, malaria and measles Posted: 10 Nov 2016 06:27 PM PST Estimates for 2015 suggest that 5.9 million children worldwide died before reaching the age of five, including 2.7 million newborns. Globally, four million fewer child deaths occurred in 2015 than in 2000, mainly thanks to reductions in deaths from pneumonia, diarrhea, death during birth, malaria and measles. However, progress on reducing newborn deaths has been slower meaning that as a whole the world failed to reach the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target of reducing child deaths by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015.

Scientists create heart cells better, faster, stronger Posted: 10 Nov 2016 01:29 PM PST Two chemicals have improved the speed, quantity, and quality of direct cardiac reprogramming, bringing the technology one step closer to regenerating damaged hearts, report scientists.

New eye pressure test could prevent vision loss in older adults Posted: 10 Nov 2016 01:00 PM PST By age 75, approximately half of all Americans will develop cloudy vision caused by cataracts. The most common complication from cataract surgery is high eye pressure, which can cause swelling and other issues that can lead to vision loss or even blindness. Now, researchers recommend a new test to check eye pressure to prevent possible vision loss.

'Exceptional' nanosensor architecture based on exceptional points Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:58 PM PST Researchers have developed a novel design for a compact, ultra-sensitive nanosensor that can be used to make portable health-monitoring devices and to detect minute quantities of toxins and explosives for security applications.

Repeatedly thinking about work-family conflict linked to health problems Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:58 PM PST Thinking over and over again about conflicts between your job and personal life is likely to damage both your mental and physical health, research suggests. The study included more than 200 people, with results showing that "repetitive thought" was a pathway between work-family conflict and negative outcomes in six different health categories.

Will unanticipated genetic mutations lead to subsequent disease? Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:56 PM PST People carrying a genetic mutation in certain cancer and cardiovascular conditions are at greater risk for those conditions regardless of family history, new research reveals.

Predators can drive increase in virus populations Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:53 PM PST The transparent belly of a tiny beast has revealed how algae-infecting chloroviruses bloom in freshwater around the world, says a new study.

Increased smartphone screen-time associated with lower sleep quality Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:50 PM PST Exposure to smartphone screens is associated with lower sleep quality, according to a study that used a smartphone app to record the daily screen-time of over 650 adults.

DNA sequencing determines lymphoma origin, prognosis Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:47 PM PST Sequencing tiny bits of DNA circulating in the blood of patients with lymphoma can accurately identify the cancer subtype and pinpoint mutations that might cause drug resistance, according to researchers.

Particle clusters named a culprit in premature birth Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:46 PM PST A new study of more than 100 pregnant women pinpoints the abnormal buildup of mineral-protein clusters in amniotic fluid (AF) as a potential culprit in premature birth. The findings open the door to developing therapies or dietary supplements that block the formation of these particles to prevent preterm birth, a leading cause of infant death and disability. Preterm birth is often preceded by premature rupture of fetal membranes, but without an identifiable cause (such as infection or inflammation).

Multi-drug resistant infection spreading globally among cystic fibrosis patients Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:24 PM PST A multi-drug resistant infection that can cause life-threatening illness in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and can spread from patient to patient has spread globally and is becoming increasingly virulent, according to new research.

Arthritis drug boosts effectiveness of antidepressant medication Posted: 10 Nov 2016 11:59 AM PST Giving severely depressed patients the arthritis drug celecoxib (Celebrex®) dramatically boosted the effectiveness of their antidepressant medication, a new study has found.

Huperzine A provides seizure protection in genetic epilepsy models Posted: 10 Nov 2016 09:53 AM PST The compound huperzine A can increase resistance to induced seizures in mouse models of genetic epilepsy, scientists have found. In particular, huperzine A shows potential for protecting against febrile seizures, which are a feature of both Dravet syndrome, a severe form of childhood epilepsy, and a related condition, GEFS+ (genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus).

How a common virus triggers blood cancer Posted: 10 Nov 2016 09:44 AM PST Scientists trying to uncover how the common Epstein-Barr virus causes blood cancer in adults and children, have discovered how the virus takes control of two genes involved in cancer development so it can switch them on or off.

Fatty liver disease contributes to cardiovascular disease and vice versa Posted: 10 Nov 2016 09:42 AM PST For the first time, researchers have shown that a bi-directional relationship exists between fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease. Fatty liver disease can lead to increased cardiovascular disease risk and vice versa.

Researchers develop inhibitors for autoimmune-relevant enzyme Posted: 10 Nov 2016 08:52 AM PST Highly selective new JAK3 inhibitors may offer new treatments for autoimmune conditions, report scientists.

Pneumonia, diarrhea continue to kill hundreds of thousands of young children in many countries Posted: 10 Nov 2016 06:40 AM PST A new report finds some progress in combating pneumonia and diarrhea among young children in the nations most severely impacted by the two diseases, but they remain responsible for hundreds of thousands of preventable deaths around the world.

Researchers advance treatment of tuberculosis by targeting new enzyme Posted: 10 Nov 2016 06:40 AM PST Researchers have laid the foundation to develop novel antibiotics that work against incurable, antibiotic-resistant bacteria like tuberculosis by targeting an enzyme essential to the production and integrity of bacterial cell walls.

Tiny barcodes provide huge advance in personalized cancer therapy Posted: 10 Nov 2016 06:40 AM PST Researchers are using synthetic DNA sequences as the tiniest of barcodes to determine which anticancer drugs will work best for each individual patient. It's all done within the patient's tumor, and before treatment even begins.

Licorice compound interferes with sex hormones in ovary Posted: 09 Nov 2016 03:27 PM PST A study of mouse reproductive tissues finds that exposure to isoliquiritigenin, a compound found in licorice, disrupts steroid sex hormone production in the ovary, researchers report. This is the first study to examine the effects of this chemical on the ovary.

Presurgical endocrine therapy less toxic than chemotherapy for ER-positive breast cancer Posted: 09 Nov 2016 03:27 PM PST Blocking estrogen signaling may be as effective as chemotherapy at reducing breast cancer tumor size with fewer toxic side effects, report scientists.

Probable scientific misconduct in bone health studies, new study suggests Posted: 09 Nov 2016 03:19 PM PST A new study suggests probable scientific misconduct in at least some of 33 bone health trials published in various medical journals. The study used statistical methods to detect scientific misconduct or research fraud and calls into question the validity of a body of research work led mainly by one researcher in Japan.

Key protein in prostate cancer energy production identified Posted: 09 Nov 2016 03:16 PM PST Scientists have demonstrated how a protein called TRAP1 – an important regulator of energy production in healthy and cancerous cells – is an important driver of prostate cancer and appears to be a valuable therapeutic target for the disease.

Novel method to identify illicit designer drugs developed Posted: 09 Nov 2016 08:43 AM PST A new technique has been identified that quickly and cheaply recognizes illegal designer drugs that normally evade detection.

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