ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Sandfly spit vaccinates mice against leishmaniasis infection
• Sunshine matters a lot to mental health; temperature, pollution, rain not so much
• Proteins secreted by beneficial gut microbes shown to inhibit salmonella, invasive E. coli
• Smoking a pack a day for a year causes 150 mutations in lung cells
• Later start times better for high school students: Poor self-regulation in teens linked to circadian rhythms
• Study links intestinal microbial population to production of inflammatory proteins
• Physicists reveal cocktails with Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde features
• Study reveals non-invasive prenatal genetic test is accurate five weeks into pregnancy
• Here's how your body transports zinc to protect your health
• Can you smell through your lungs?
• Reducing exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) lowers levels of this environmental estrogen in women
• Researchers show genetic variants and environmental exposures have mighty influence on health
• Roadmap to life after the worst injuries, in times of war and peace
• Body builders aren't necessarily the strongest athletes
• Major family of gene-regulating proteins has drug-sized pocket
• Scientists successfully tune the brain to alleviate pain
• High demand for psychological services for children demands new approach
• Music therapy reduces depression in children, adolescents, research finds
• Blood pressure may open door to personalized medicine for PTSD
• Energy-saving data glasses
• Not eating enough in hospital: Risk factors are the same all over the world
• Automated assessment of early autism
• Kids continue to consume too much salt, putting them at risk
• Lack of brain shrinkage may help predict who develops dementia with Lewy bodies
• Fluorescent sensor provides low-cost diagnosis of cystic fibrosis
• Engineering students creating scoliosis brace that focuses on comfort, fit, design
• Questionnaire predicts likelihood of unprotected sex, binge drinking
• First time physicists observed, quantified tiny nanoparticle crossing lipid membrane
• Prostate drug offers new relief for kidney stone sufferers
• Bioelectronics at the speed of life
• Most breast and cervical cancer deaths occur in developing countries, yet many could be prevented with cost-effective interventions

Sandfly spit vaccinates mice against leishmaniasis infection Posted: 03 Nov 2016 11:25 AM PDT A vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis, a skin infection caused by Leishmania parasites, may be spitting distance away -- sand fly spit, that is. Saliva from a species of the fly responsible for transmitting leishmaniasis can be used to vaccinate mice against the infection, researchers have shown.

Sunshine matters a lot to mental health; temperature, pollution, rain not so much Posted: 03 Nov 2016 11:17 AM PDT Sunshine matters. A lot. The idea isn't exactly new, but according to a recent study, when it comes to your mental and emotional health, the amount of time between sunrise and sunset is the weather variable that matters most.

Proteins secreted by beneficial gut microbes shown to inhibit salmonella, invasive E. coli Posted: 03 Nov 2016 11:16 AM PDT Few treatments exist for bacteria-caused intestinal inflammation that leads to diarrhea, fever and abdominal cramps. But now microbiologists have demonstrated a new approach that may lead to more effective remedies. In a new report, scientists provide the first evidence that small protein molecules called microcins, produced by beneficial gut microbes, play a critical part in blocking certain illness-causing bacteria in inflamed intestines.

Smoking a pack a day for a year causes 150 mutations in lung cells Posted: 03 Nov 2016 11:05 AM PDT Scientists have measured the catastrophic genetic damage caused by smoking in different organs of the body and identified several different mechanisms by which tobacco smoking causes mutations in DNA. Researchers found smokers accumulated an average of 150 extra mutations in every lung cell for each year of smoking one packet of cigarettes a day.

Later start times better for high school students: Poor self-regulation in teens linked to circadian rhythms Posted: 03 Nov 2016 10:03 AM PDT Chronic insufficient sleep is at epidemic levels in U.S. teens and has been associated with depression, substance use, accidents, and academic failure. Poor self-regulation or an inability to alter thinking, emotions, and behaviors to meet varying social demands is thought to be a key link between inadequate sleep in teens and poor health and school-related outcomes. However, a study has found that the number of hours teens sleep on school nights may not be the main problem.

Study links intestinal microbial population to production of inflammatory proteins Posted: 03 Nov 2016 10:00 AM PDT New research has begun to elucidate how differences in the gut microbiome - the microbial population of the gastrointestinal tract - affect the immune response in healthy individuals.

Physicists reveal cocktails with Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde features Posted: 03 Nov 2016 09:48 AM PDT A new sudy explains how long-range effects in 2-liquid cocktails have a bearing on the diffusion of their molecules, resulting in the coexistence of different characteristics within the same fluid.

Study reveals non-invasive prenatal genetic test is accurate five weeks into pregnancy Posted: 03 Nov 2016 09:46 AM PDT The latest developments in prenatal technology make it possible to test for genetic disorders a little more than one month into pregnancy, a new report outlines.

Here's how your body transports zinc to protect your health Posted: 03 Nov 2016 09:43 AM PDT Zinc is essential for wound healing, for vision, for DNA creation, for our senses of taste and smell, even for sexual health. But despite its importance, scientists have never fully understood the mechanism that moves the mineral through the body -- until now.

Can you smell through your lungs? Posted: 03 Nov 2016 09:42 AM PDT It was always thought that olfactory receptors' sole bodily function was to smell, and could only be found inside a nose. But now a new study has found two olfactory receptors in human lung tissue.

Reducing exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) lowers levels of this environmental estrogen in women Posted: 03 Nov 2016 09:41 AM PDT Women who avoided foods, cosmetics, and other products packaged in BPA-containing plastic containers for 3 weeks had significant reductions in urinary levels of BPA, a commonly used "endocrine disruptor" associated with negative health effects including weight gain. Over the 3-week study period, the women who participated in an intervention designed to minimize BPA exposure also had significant weight loss.

Researchers show genetic variants and environmental exposures have mighty influence on health Posted: 03 Nov 2016 09:22 AM PDT For the first time, scientists have shown the extent by which interactions between environmental exposures and genetic variation across individuals have a significant impact on human traits and diseases like diabetes, heart disease and obesity, strengthening the case for precision medicine initiatives.

Roadmap to life after the worst injuries, in times of war and peace Posted: 03 Nov 2016 08:54 AM PDT The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have produced a horrific type of medical trauma known as the "dismounted complex blast injury" (DCBI), in which an improvised explosive device detonates beneath a soldier patrolling on foot, often leading to multiple-limb loss. Previously, these injuries were considered deadly, but today, new training techniques are helping to manage DCBIs, and in many cases stabilize these critically injured patients and restore many normal functions. The lessons learned will not only save lives on the battlefield in the future but also in civilian trauma centers today.

Body builders aren't necessarily the strongest athletes Posted: 03 Nov 2016 08:51 AM PDT An increase in muscle size with exercise may not be directly related to an increase in muscle strength, according to a recent analysis of the literature.

Major family of gene-regulating proteins has drug-sized pocket Posted: 03 Nov 2016 06:12 AM PDT An entire class of proteins called transcription factors has largely been ignored by the pharmaceutical industry because it's difficult to design and screen drugs against them. But a new study suggests that a key group of transcription factors are in fact 'druggable,' including several that could be targeted to treat cancer, metabolic disease, or autoimmune conditions.

Scientists successfully tune the brain to alleviate pain Posted: 03 Nov 2016 06:10 AM PDT If the brain is 'tuned-in' to a particular frequency, pain can be alleviated, scientists have shown for the first time.

High demand for psychological services for children demands new approach Posted: 03 Nov 2016 06:10 AM PDT Psychological wellbeing services for children must be fundamentally rethought and reconfigured if we are to provide help for all those who need it, say authors of a new report.

Music therapy reduces depression in children, adolescents, research finds Posted: 03 Nov 2016 06:10 AM PDT Music therapy reduces depression in children and adolescents with behavioral and emotional problems, researchers have discovered.

Blood pressure may open door to personalized medicine for PTSD Posted: 03 Nov 2016 06:10 AM PDT Treatment with the drug prazosin effectively reduces symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for many people, but about one third of patients don't respond to the treatment at all. Attempts to understand why people respond differently have fallen short. Now, a new study reports that soldiers with higher blood pressure before beginning prazosin treatment see better results from the medication.

Energy-saving data glasses Posted: 03 Nov 2016 06:09 AM PDT Data glasses mirror information to the eye without interfering with the wearer's vision, report researchers.

Not eating enough in hospital: Risk factors are the same all over the world Posted: 03 Nov 2016 06:07 AM PDT Inadequate food intake and malnourishment in sick people is an area of concern for health policy and Public Health and one which impacts upon the social economics of countries with both high and low incomes.

Automated assessment of early autism Posted: 03 Nov 2016 06:07 AM PDT Autism Spectrum Disorder is usually diagnosed in early childhood, but genetic detection of this brain disorder could mean more timely interventions that improve life for the patient and their carers. Research suggests that machine learning might be used to analyze genetic data that points to an ASD diagnosis before symptoms become obvious.

Kids continue to consume too much salt, putting them at risk Posted: 03 Nov 2016 06:07 AM PDT Cardiovascular disease, including heart disease and stroke, kills more than 800,000 Americans each year. We know that too much salt may contribute to high blood pressure and increased cardiovascular risk. According to a new study, American children are consuming sodium at levels that far exceed the daily recommended limit. Taste preferences for high sodium foods, formed as children, follow individuals into adulthood and put them at increased risk for developing cardiovascular problems later in life.

Lack of brain shrinkage may help predict who develops dementia with Lewy bodies Posted: 02 Nov 2016 04:39 PM PDT Dementia with Lewy bodies is a progressive disease that causes hallucinations, decline in mental abilities, rigid muscles, slow movement and tremors. With symptoms similar to Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, a correct diagnosis can be difficult. A new study shows that a lack of shrinkage in the area of the brain called the hippocampus may be a sign that people with thinking and memory problems may develop dementia with Lewy bodies rather than Alzheimer's disease.

Fluorescent sensor provides low-cost diagnosis of cystic fibrosis Posted: 02 Nov 2016 12:52 PM PDT Scientists have developed a new diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis. The new device provides a cheaper, easier way to detect levels of chloride in sweat, which are elevated in cystic fibrosis patients.

Engineering students creating scoliosis brace that focuses on comfort, fit, design Posted: 02 Nov 2016 12:52 PM PDT Mechanical engineering students are collaborating with a local doctor and a private company to create a brace that, well, fits like a glove—and is just as comfortable.

Questionnaire predicts likelihood of unprotected sex, binge drinking Posted: 02 Nov 2016 12:52 PM PDT Researchers in the social sciences have been searching for a holy grail: an accurate way to predict who is likely to engage in problematic behavior, like using drugs. A new questionnaire significantly outperforms 14 other gold-standard measures frequently used in economics and psychology on these issues.

First time physicists observed, quantified tiny nanoparticle crossing lipid membrane Posted: 02 Nov 2016 11:43 AM PDT A new discovery may raise concerns about safety of nanomaterials for public health and may suggest to revise the security norms at nanoscale bringing attention to the safety of nanomaterials in general.

Prostate drug offers new relief for kidney stone sufferers Posted: 02 Nov 2016 11:35 AM PDT A prostrate treatment can also help ease the pain of passing kidney stones, new research suggests. One in 11 people in the United States suffer from kidney stones, which range in size from a grain of sand to a pearl or even larger, and can be excruciating to pass through the urinary tract.

Bioelectronics at the speed of life Posted: 02 Nov 2016 11:21 AM PDT With a microfabricated ion pump built from organic electronic components, ions can be sent to nerve or muscle cells at the speed of the nervous system and with a precision of a single cell, say scientists.

Most breast and cervical cancer deaths occur in developing countries, yet many could be prevented with cost-effective interventions Posted: 02 Nov 2016 05:01 AM PDT By 2030, the number of women diagnosed with breast cancer worldwide could almost double to 3.2 million a year unless urgent action is taken. Routine HPV vaccination of girls in the world's poorest countries over the next 4 years could prevent 600,000 future cervical cancer deaths, say researchers.

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