ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Early exposure to excess hormone causes genital defects in females
• How brain surgery eliminates seizures in epilepsy patients
• Evolution purged many Neanderthal genes from human genome
• Tailored, dense-dose chemotherapy for early breast cancer does not result in significant improvement
• Supplemental, nutrient-enriched donor milk does not improve neurodevelopment in very low-birth-weight infants
• More frequent vaping among teens linked to higher risk of heavy cigarette smoking
• The messenger in Huntington's disease
• Genetic signaling pathway blocks formation of a cancer in the cerebellum
• First cellular atlas of DNA-binding molecule could advance precision therapies
• Lab-grown mini lungs successfully transplanted into mice
• Pancreatitis reduced by nearly 50% after gene therapy to treat lipoprotein lipase deficiency
• Behavior of Alzheimer-linked protein revealed
• Gestational age may impact academic performance
• Small association of surgical anesthesia before age 4, later academic performance
• Blood vessels control brain growth
• Key mechanisms of cancer, aging and inflammation uncovered
• Early planned birth linked to risk of poor child development
• Gold nanoparticles help deliver lethal one-two punch to cancer
• Treatment advances have not improved long-term health status of childhood cancer survivors
• Telephone-based intervention shows promise in combating alcohol abuse among soldiers
• Funding a set of essential medicines for low- and middle-income countries
• Scientists use advanced technology to better understand a devastating neurodegenerative disorder
• Mobile health interventions: No silver bullet for diabetes patients, says study
• Solving the puzzle of necroptosis
• Herpes, not quite so species specific after all
• Cannabis abuse possible cause of psychosis
• Collapse of mitochondria-associated membrane in ALS
• Personalized therapy reduces cancer risk for diabetes patients
• One in six women diagnosed with breast cancer has a symptom other than a lump
• How high-protein diets cause weight loss
• Researchers discover way to inhibit major cancer gene
• Changing cell behavior could boost biofuels, medicine
• How important is the gut microbiome? It may depend on your genetics
• Mouse study shows antibody can soothe raging, nerve-driven poison ivy itch
• Could an iron-grabbing molecule help prevent UTIs? New vaccine shows promise in mice
• Mosquito-borne illness spreads in and around homes, disproportionately hits women
• Getting a pacemaker soon after heart valve replacement linked with worse outcomes
• Quasimodo illuminates the secret to the ticking of our internal clocks
• Suppressing protein alleviates radiation-induced bone loss in animal model
• Understanding cancer worries could break down barriers to seeking help

Early exposure to excess hormone causes genital defects in females Posted: 08 Nov 2016 12:26 PM PST Researchers have identified cells targeted by a male hormone and found that an excess of that hormone at a specific time can cause genital defects in female mice.

How brain surgery eliminates seizures in epilepsy patients Posted: 08 Nov 2016 11:53 AM PST Surgery is an option for patients who do not respond to medications and have epileptic scar tissue that can be removed safely. In 60 to 70 percent of surgery patients, seizures are completely eliminated, and the success rate likely will improve as imaging and surgical techniques improve.

Evolution purged many Neanderthal genes from human genome Posted: 08 Nov 2016 11:52 AM PST Larger populations allowed humans to shed weakly deleterious gene variants that were widespread in Neanderthals, new research indicates.

Tailored, dense-dose chemotherapy for early breast cancer does not result in significant improvement Posted: 08 Nov 2016 10:16 AM PST Among women with high-risk early breast cancer, the use of tailored dose-dense chemotherapy compared with standard adjuvant chemotherapy did not result in a statistically significant improvement in breast cancer recurrence-free survival, and nonhematologic toxic effects were more frequent in the tailored dose-dense group, according to a study.

Supplemental, nutrient-enriched donor milk does not improve neurodevelopment in very low-birth-weight infants Posted: 08 Nov 2016 10:16 AM PST Among very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants, the use of supplemental donor milk compared with formula did not improve neurodevelopment at 18 months, according to a study.

More frequent vaping among teens linked to higher risk of heavy cigarette smoking Posted: 08 Nov 2016 10:15 AM PST Scientists examined associations of e-cigarette vaping with subsequent smoking frequency and heavy smoking among adolescents. E-cigarette vaping is reported by 37 percent of U.S. 10th-grade adolescents and is associated with subsequent initiation of combustible cigarette smoking, say investigators.

The messenger in Huntington's disease Posted: 08 Nov 2016 09:58 AM PST A research effort reveals new molecular mechanisms of Huntington's disease. The results question the approaches used up to now for treatment of the disease. They also point to messenger RNA as a key pathogenic component that will make it possible to define new therapeutic strategies.

Genetic signaling pathway blocks formation of a cancer in the cerebellum Posted: 08 Nov 2016 09:41 AM PST A signaling pathway has the potential to block a type of cancer in the cerebellum, suggests new research. The work is focused on brain tumor formation in animal models of medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor diagnosed in children.

First cellular atlas of DNA-binding molecule could advance precision therapies Posted: 08 Nov 2016 09:40 AM PST Biochemists have created the first atlas that maps where molecular tools that can switch genes on and off will bind to the human genome. It is a development they say could enable these tools to be targeted to specific parts of an individual's genome for use in precision medicine, developing therapies and treating disease.

Lab-grown mini lungs successfully transplanted into mice Posted: 08 Nov 2016 09:40 AM PST Scientists can now grow 3-D models of lungs from stem cells, creating new ways to study respiratory diseases, report scientists.

Pancreatitis reduced by nearly 50% after gene therapy to treat lipoprotein lipase deficiency Posted: 08 Nov 2016 09:38 AM PST Over a 6-year period, patients with the genetic disease lipoprotein lipase deficiency (LPLD) who received a single gene therapy treatment of alipogene tiparvovec had a marked reduction in the severity and frequency of pancreatitis. No cases of severe pancreatitis and only one admission to the intensive care unit for an LPLD-related abdominal event were reported in the study.

Behavior of Alzheimer-linked protein revealed Posted: 08 Nov 2016 09:38 AM PST Enzymes called kinases manage a wide range of cell processes, from metabolism, cell signaling, nutrient transport, and many others. Because they can affect so many different cell activities, kinases are tightly regulated within cells to make sure that the enzymes only act when necessary. Improperly activated kinases are linked to illnesses such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. A group of scientists has uncovered a new mechanism for controlling the activation of a kinase implicated in Alzheimer's disease, generating novel insights into how to control this protein's activity.

Gestational age may impact academic performance Posted: 08 Nov 2016 08:45 AM PST A new study indicates that being born either too early or too late may have a long-term effect on children's academic performance.

Small association of surgical anesthesia before age 4, later academic performance Posted: 08 Nov 2016 08:18 AM PST A study of children born in Sweden suggests a small association between exposure to anesthesia for surgery before the age 4 with slightly lower school grades at age 16 and slightly lower IQ scores at 18, according to an article.

Blood vessels control brain growth Posted: 08 Nov 2016 08:17 AM PST Blood vessels play a vital role in stem cell reproduction, enabling the brain to grow and develop in the womb, reveals new research in mice.

Key mechanisms of cancer, aging and inflammation uncovered Posted: 08 Nov 2016 08:13 AM PST New details about the biology of telomeres -- "caps" of DNA that protect the tips of chromosomes and play key roles in a number of health conditions, including cancer, inflammation and aging -- have been uncovered by a team of researchers.

Early planned birth linked to risk of poor child development Posted: 08 Nov 2016 07:06 AM PST Planned births occur where a considered decision is made to deliver an infant, and in recent years there have been significant changes in clinical practice resulting in an increase in planned births before the ideal time of birth at 39-40 weeks' gestation. This is mostly attributable to the increased use of elective caesarean section and induction of labour.

Gold nanoparticles help deliver lethal one-two punch to cancer Posted: 08 Nov 2016 05:59 AM PST Tagging gold nanoparticles with a small dose of radiation has helped researchers trace the precious metal as it delivers a drug right into the heart of cancer cells, according to new laboratory research.

Treatment advances have not improved long-term health status of childhood cancer survivors Posted: 08 Nov 2016 05:51 AM PST Despite therapeutic advances over the past 30 years, adult survivors of childhood cancer continue to report poor physical and mental health status.

Telephone-based intervention shows promise in combating alcohol abuse among soldiers Posted: 08 Nov 2016 04:35 AM PST Researchers tested a telephone-based intervention for military members struggling with alcohol abuse, with promising results. Participants significantly reduced their drinking over time, had lower rates of alcohol dependence and were more likely to seek treatment.

Funding a set of essential medicines for low- and middle-income countries Posted: 08 Nov 2016 04:35 AM PST As the world moves toward universal health coverage, the question arises: How can governments ensure equitable access to essential medicines in low- and middle-income countries? A section of The Lancet Commission on Essential Medicines Policies report finds that funding for a "basket" of these essential medicines may pose a challenge, but not necessarily an insurmountable one, for the global health community.

Scientists use advanced technology to better understand a devastating neurodegenerative disorder Posted: 08 Nov 2016 04:35 AM PST Scientists have examined more than a century of data of the genetic makeup of ataxias, a neurodegenerative disorder, to better understand the different forms of this devastating disease and how it affects patients. This research has the potential for scientists to have a better understanding on how to diagnose and treat the disease, which has no known cure for patients suffering from the condition.

Mobile health interventions: No silver bullet for diabetes patients, says study Posted: 08 Nov 2016 04:34 AM PST November 14 is World Diabetes Day. Globally about 442 million people live with this chronic condition, most of them in low-income countries, where health systems often function poorly. As they are not equipped to follow-up on patients or improve the quality of care, chronic disease management largely falls under the responsibility of the patients. One expert says that much-touted mobile technologies for self-management alone will not solve the problem.

Solving the puzzle of necroptosis Posted: 08 Nov 2016 04:31 AM PST Cell death is an essential physiological process for all multicellular organisms. Throughout life, cells in many tissues die naturally and are replaced by new cells. A proper balance between the death and production of new cells is important for the maintenance of healthy tissue function and for regeneration after injury. Increased cell production coupled with reduced cell death can lead to tumor development. On the other hand, excessive cell death can cause tissue damage and disease.

Herpes, not quite so species specific after all Posted: 08 Nov 2016 04:31 AM PST A new study challenges the tenet of herpes viruses being strictly host-specific. Scientists have discovered that gammaherpesviruses switch their hosts more frequently than previously thought. In fact, bats and primates appear to be responsible for the transfer of these viruses to other mammals in many cases.

Cannabis abuse possible cause of psychosis Posted: 08 Nov 2016 04:31 AM PST The risk of developing psychosis is more than tripled for those who abuse cannabis, according to results from a new twin study.

Collapse of mitochondria-associated membrane in ALS Posted: 08 Nov 2016 04:31 AM PST Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult onset, fatal neurodegenerative disease that selectively affects motor neurons. To date, more than 20 genes are identified as a causative of inherited ALS, and many researchers investigate the pathomechanism of ALS.

Personalized therapy reduces cancer risk for diabetes patients Posted: 08 Nov 2016 04:31 AM PST The links between Type 2 diabetes and cancer are complex: people suffering from diabetes mellitus essentially have a higher risk of developing cancer but, on top of that, some diabetes drugs are also suspected of increasing the risk in some cases. However, scientists have demonstrated that these risks can now be practically eliminated by using optimized, personalized therapy.

One in six women diagnosed with breast cancer has a symptom other than a lump Posted: 07 Nov 2016 04:11 PM PST Around one in six women (17 per cent) diagnosed with breast cancer goes to her doctor with a symptom other than a lump -- the most commonly reported breast cancer symptom, according to new research.

How high-protein diets cause weight loss Posted: 07 Nov 2016 04:11 PM PST A common end-product of digested protein -- phenylalanine -- triggers hormones that make rodents feel less hungry and leads to weight loss, according to a new study. A better understanding of the mechanism by which protein diets cause weight loss could lead to the development of drugs and diets that tackle the growing obesity epidemic.

Researchers discover way to inhibit major cancer gene Posted: 07 Nov 2016 04:08 PM PST A new way to block the action of genetic mutations found in nearly 30 percent of all cancers has now been discovered by researchers. They discovered that a synthetic binding protein they call "NS1 monobody," which they created in the lab, can block the activity of the RAS proteins.

Changing cell behavior could boost biofuels, medicine Posted: 07 Nov 2016 01:07 PM PST A computer scientist has developed a way to coax cells to do natural things under unnatural circumstances, which could be useful for stem cell research, gene therapy and biofuel production. A research team has designed an algorithm, called NetSurgeon, that recommends genes to surgically remove from a cell's genome to force it to perform a normal activity in a different environment or circumstance.

How important is the gut microbiome? It may depend on your genetics Posted: 07 Nov 2016 01:07 PM PST Investigators are shedding light on how the success of such microbiome treatments may be affected by genetics of the individual or animal being treated.

Mouse study shows antibody can soothe raging, nerve-driven poison ivy itch Posted: 07 Nov 2016 01:06 PM PST Scientists have developed a strategy to stop the uncontrollable itch caused by urushiol, the oily sap common to poison ivy, poison sumac, poison oak and even mango trees. The team found that by blocking an immune system protein in the skin with an antibody, they could halt the processes that tell the brain the skin is itchy.

Could an iron-grabbing molecule help prevent UTIs? New vaccine shows promise in mice Posted: 07 Nov 2016 01:06 PM PST For the first time, scientists have prevented urinary tract infections in mice by vaccinating them with tiny molecules that UTI bacteria usually use to grab iron from their host and fuel the growth of bacteria in the bladder.

Mosquito-borne illness spreads in and around homes, disproportionately hits women Posted: 07 Nov 2016 01:06 PM PST Outbreaks of the mosquito-borne disease chikungunya appear to be driven by infections centered in and around the home, with women significantly more likely to become ill, suggests new research.

Getting a pacemaker soon after heart valve replacement linked with worse outcomes Posted: 07 Nov 2016 01:02 PM PST Patients who undergo minimally invasive heart valve replacement, known as TAVR, sometimes develop heart rhythm problems that necessitate placement of a permanent pacemaker. However, when a pacemaker is needed soon after TAVR, patients often have worse outcomes than those who did not need a pacemaker, according to a study.

Quasimodo illuminates the secret to the ticking of our internal clocks Posted: 07 Nov 2016 01:02 PM PST Is it possible to stop the ticking of time, and what might it mean if we could? It's a question many will have pondered and now there is an answer -- thanks to the humble fruit fly.

Suppressing protein alleviates radiation-induced bone loss in animal model Posted: 07 Nov 2016 10:03 AM PST New research may hold a clue to curtailing the feared side effect of cancer patients receiving radiation therapy being at high risk of losing bone density and suffering from broken bones within the radiation field during their lifetimes. Suppressing a bone specific protein via its neutralizing antibody alleviates radiation-induced bone loss in an animal model.

Understanding cancer worries could break down barriers to seeking help Posted: 07 Nov 2016 08:30 AM PST Recognizing the reasons people worry about a potential cancer diagnosis could help ease concern and encourage people with possible cancer symptoms to see their doctor earlier, according to research.

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