ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Precut salad may encourage growth of Salmonella
• Toddlers with autism don't avoid eye contact, but do miss its significance
• New insight into how Alzheimer's disease begins
• Fear of the unknown common to many anxiety disorders
• Powerful new tools to combat Zika created
• Soil bacteria helps protect rice plants from arsenic and fungus
• Cluster headaches: Painful but treatable, preventable
• Climate change could outpace EPA lake protections
• Bacteria communicate to ramp up collective immune response to viral threats
• New quality control revealed in immune T cell development
• Last-line antibiotics are failing
• Diaphragm much older than expected
• Dissecting bacterial infections at the single-cell level
• Breakthrough offers greater understanding of safe radioactive waste disposal
• Molecular imaging hack makes cameras 'faster'
• New class of drugs holds promise for combating antibiotic resistance
• Large forest die-offs can have effects that ricochet to distant ecosystems
• The role of physical environment in the 'broken windows' theory
• Double-digit rise in head injuries after Michigan helmet law repeal
• Why is food allergy increasing? Skin might be involved
• DNA evidence from 5,310-year-old corn cob fills gaps in history
• Restoring flawed tumor vessels could lead to better cancer treatments

Precut salad may encourage growth of Salmonella Posted: 18 Nov 2016 10:18 AM PST Small amounts of damage to salad leaves in bagged salads encourage the presence of Salmonella enterica, new research has found. Juices released from damaged leaves also enhance the pathogen's ability to attach to the salad's plastic container.

Toddlers with autism don't avoid eye contact, but do miss its significance Posted: 18 Nov 2016 10:16 AM PST A new study helps put to rest a longstanding controversy and question about children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Eye-tracking measures developed by the group demonstrate that young children with autism do not avoid eye contact on purpose; instead, they miss the significance of social information in others' eyes.

New insight into how Alzheimer's disease begins Posted: 18 Nov 2016 10:16 AM PST A new study offers important insight into how Alzheimer's disease begins within the brain. The researchers found a relationship between inflammation, a toxic protein and the onset of the disease. The study also identified a way that doctors can detect early signs of Alzheimer's by looking at the back of patients' eyes.

Fear of the unknown common to many anxiety disorders Posted: 18 Nov 2016 10:15 AM PST Several anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and specific phobias, share a common underlying trait: increased sensitivity to uncertain threat, or fear of the unknown, report researchers. The finding could help steer treatment of these disorders away from diagnosis-based therapies to treating their common characteristics.

Powerful new tools to combat Zika created Posted: 18 Nov 2016 10:14 AM PST Scientists have developed a way to replicate the basic structure of the Zika virus, stripping it of the genes that make the virus infectious, outlines a new report.

Soil bacteria helps protect rice plants from arsenic and fungus Posted: 18 Nov 2016 10:04 AM PST Researchers have found that rice plants can withstand attacks from arsenic in water and soil and a fungal disease called rice blast. They have discovered that a combination of beneficial soil microbes can be applied to the infected plants to boost their natural defenses.

Cluster headaches: Painful but treatable, preventable Posted: 18 Nov 2016 10:04 AM PST Often called the suicide headache because of the excruciating intensity of the pain, cluster headaches are three times more likely to strike men than women.

Climate change could outpace EPA lake protections Posted: 18 Nov 2016 10:02 AM PST Lake Champlain may be more susceptible to damage from climate change than was previously understood, researchers have found Therefore, they say, the rules created by the EPA to protect the lake may be inadequate to prevent algae blooms and water quality problems as the region gets hotter and wetter.

Bacteria communicate to ramp up collective immune response to viral threats Posted: 18 Nov 2016 07:57 AM PST Bacteria can boost their own immune systems by "talking" to each other, surprising new research shows. This research provides new insight into how groups of bacteria collectively defend against viral threats.

New quality control revealed in immune T cell development Posted: 18 Nov 2016 07:52 AM PST The research into T cell development within an organ called the thymus revealed for the first time that a protein complex called LUBAC enables 'quality control' of the cells before they are released into the bloodstream.

Last-line antibiotics are failing Posted: 18 Nov 2016 07:48 AM PST A new report shows that in 2015, antibiotic resistance continued to increase for most bacteria and antibiotics under surveillance. In particular, the EU average percentage of carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae increased from 6.2% in 2012 to 8.1% in 2015, and combined resistance to carbapenems and polymyxins (e.g. colistin) was sometimes reported. These two groups of antibiotics are considered last-line antibiotics as they usually are the last treatment options for patients infected with bacteria resistant to other available antibiotics.

Diaphragm much older than expected Posted: 18 Nov 2016 07:36 AM PST Caseids are "mammal-like" reptiles that lived about 300-250 million years ago. They had a barrel-shaped trunk, but scientists have struggled to realize how these reptiles breathed. New calculations have revealed some surprising information that suggests that these animals may have used a diaphragm much like those humans have today.

Dissecting bacterial infections at the single-cell level Posted: 18 Nov 2016 05:55 AM PST Technological advances are making the analysis of single bacterial infected human cells feasible. Now researchers have used this technology to provide new insight into the Salmonella infection process.

Breakthrough offers greater understanding of safe radioactive waste disposal Posted: 18 Nov 2016 05:55 AM PST A group of scientists has completed research into radioactively contaminated material to gain further understanding around the issue, crucial for the safe and more efficient completion of future decommissioning projects.

Molecular imaging hack makes cameras 'faster' Posted: 17 Nov 2016 05:52 PM PST A new technique grabs images of chemical processes that happen faster than most laboratory cameras are able to capture them.

New class of drugs holds promise for combating antibiotic resistance Posted: 17 Nov 2016 05:52 PM PST A new class of drugs that combat antibiotic resistance has been discovered by a research team. In the study, laboratory experiments were combined with supercomputing modeling to identify molecules that boost the effect of antibiotics on disease-causing bacteria.

Large forest die-offs can have effects that ricochet to distant ecosystems Posted: 17 Nov 2016 05:51 PM PST Major forest die-offs due to drought, heat and beetle infestations or deforestation could have consequences far beyond the local landscape. say scientists. Wiping out an entire forest can have significant effects on global climate patterns and alter vegetation on the other side of the world, they say.

The role of physical environment in the 'broken windows' theory Posted: 17 Nov 2016 05:50 PM PST Researchers have explored whether mostly subconscious visual cues embedded in dilapidated buildings, overgrown lots and littered streets can fuel deviant behavior, reassessing the influential "broken windows" theory.

Double-digit rise in head injuries after Michigan helmet law repeal Posted: 17 Nov 2016 05:49 PM PST Fewer motorcycle riders who are involved in crashes across the state of Michigan are wearing a helmet, and the state's trauma centers have seen a 14 percent increase in head injuries among motorcyclists, since the state's partial repeal of its universal helmet law in April 2012, a new study finds.

Why is food allergy increasing? Skin might be involved Posted: 17 Nov 2016 12:55 PM PST Early exposure to a food allergen through broken skin might prompt the development of food allergy. This theory gained further support from a recent study that found increased prevalence of food allergy if a child had skin infection or eczema in the first year of life.

DNA evidence from 5,310-year-old corn cob fills gaps in history Posted: 17 Nov 2016 12:25 PM PST Researchers who have sequenced the genome of a 5,310-year-old corn cob have discovered that the maize grown in central Mexico all those years ago was genetically more similar to modern maize than to its wild ancestor. For example, the ancient maize already carried genetic variants responsible for making kernels soft, a common feature of modern corn.

Restoring flawed tumor vessels could lead to better cancer treatments Posted: 17 Nov 2016 10:40 AM PST Researchers have found a novel way to normalize the dysfunctional blood vessels that are typical for tumors. Those vessels play a pivotal role in cancer metastasis, as their fragility and permeability allows cancer cells to escape through the blood stream and invade other organs. By manipulating the blood vessel cells' sugar metabolism, the scientists were able to 'cool down' their overheated engines and create a healthy and structured blood vessel network. On top of preventing the spread of cancer cells, the restored vessels delivered chemotherapy drugs in a more efficient way to the tumor.

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